7. Students will understand the causes and effects of the Great Depression.
Causes:
Stock Market Crash: Vicious Cycle- prices were high so people were buying on margin( pay half. borrow) and this caused the prices to go up even higher. jobs were lost and people had no money. banks failed and factories went out of business.
Effects:
people were forced out of their houses becauses they couldnt pay. hoovervilles were set up (insulted president hoover) and the men stood in breadlines and soup kitchens for hours trying to supply food for their family. during the great depression the suicide rate was very high because people thought things would not get better.
1. Students will understand the impact the Great Depression and New Deal had on the US.
1st new deal- businesses
2nd new deal- the people
main goal- The Three R's (Relief, Recovery, and Reform)
helped the unemployed (social security act, public works admin.)
farmers (AAA, farm security admin.)
factory workers (NIRA, wagner act)
young people (civilian conserv. corp, national youth admin.)
banks/business (FDIC, emergency banking relief act)
home owners (home owners loan corp, federal housing admin.)
elderly (social security act and admin.)
native americans (indian reorgan. act).
Priming the pump is when the gov't puts money in and hopefully citizens start spending.
WWII is actually what helped us to get out of the depression because then, workers were needed, people were being paid, things were being bought.
2. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of WWII.
Causes:
Treaty Versailles-officially ended WW1. Germany lost a lot of land and islands. they were responsible for WW1 and had to pay.
Main Axis Powers were Germany, Japan, and Italy.
Allied Powers were US, USSR, France, and Great Britain.
Hitler wanted to get rid of all Jews, Arabians, Jehovah Witnesses, and made a superior race: Aryan.
Yalta Conference came out of this, Germany was to be divided into 4 zones betwee: United States,France,Great Britan, and the Soviet Union.
Nuremburg Trials also came out. It was Nazi war crime trials after World War 2.
In America we had Japanese Camps set up because we still didn’t trust Japan. They were forced to leave their homes. Still lived normal lives: went to school, work. Played for entertainment.
Effects:Major Events:
WWll started with the invasion of Poland.
There was the Battle of Britain.
Japan bombed us at Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)-We declared war on Japan.
Doolittle's Raid bombed Tokyo.
The Battle of Midway (turning point).
Germany invaded USSR but was defeated.
The Holocaust was going on during all this.
Battle of the Bulge (German/Belgian border).
D-Day - June 6 1944. Was an airborne and amphibious attack on Nazi controlled France.
V-E Day (Victory in europe Day) – May 8 1945.
Operation Barbarossa-Germany invaded USSR to take over Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad. Failed miserablely.
V-J Day (Victory in Japan)- on Aug. 14 1945.
We bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki with atomic bombs. “Fatman" on Nagasaki, and “Little Boy” on Hiroshima.
3. Students will understand how/why the Allies won WWII.
- help from the homefront (propaganda with Hollywood and women working to make weapons.)
- Hitler firing all his head people because they didn't agree with him
- atomic bomb-D Day (hiroshima and nagasaki) Japan surrendered.
- Intelligence gathering, Ultra and Magic. U-Boat detection
- Island hopping-skip little ones go for the bigger ones-saved time, money, and lives.
4. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of the Cold War.
political struggle struggle between United States and Soviet Union after WW2 over communism and democracy.
Causes-Red Scare-democracy and communism-nuclear arms race-didnt get along in WW2.
major events- (Bay of pigs, berlin wall,cubin missile crisis)
how did it end-(detente, salt, russian invasion of afghanistan, the new leader(gorbachev), ronald reagan,)
Causes:
United States v. Soviet Union. Democratics(freedom) v. Communists(controls you). 1945-1990. differences in gov't, US didn't like it and thought that they would try to push communists to us and other countries. Free Trade- we thought that it would be good for us, Soviet Union didn't like it. US thought that Soviet Union wanted to over-power us, and they thought we wanted to over-power them (rivalry). Separating Germany into 4 parts Britain, France, US=West, Soviet Union=East. They didn't know what to do with Europe. Tensions between controlling Germany and the gov't there help start the war. Soviet Union didn't like Truman Doctrine- US can help any country that is threatened by communism, or the Marshall Plan- US rebuilding European countries. Atomic Bomb- US and Soviet Union both had nuclear weapons, but agreed not to use them, but intensified the Cold War. Truman didn't like Stalin- he said the only thing Stalin understood was us going to war with him. Red Scare<--fear of becoming communist.
Major Events:
China becoming Communist-Mao-We did not want China to become Communist!
Cuban Misslie Crisis-the US started to build missile bases in Turkey and Italy, which could attack the capitol of the Soviet Union, Moscow. The Cuban Missile Crisis is the name for the Soviet Union and Cuban Gov't responding by building missile bases in Cuba withing range of US. US then began to react when images of missile bases emerged. JFK formed EX-COMM which was a group of people designated to handle the situation at hand. Eventually, JFK decided to form a naval bloackade around the island of Cuba. US then demanded that Soviet Union dismantle the bases in exchange of the US agreeing to not invade Cuba. Eventually the whole Crisis sudsided with the US and USSR getting rid of the bases in the problem areas. Cuba didn't mind having Soviet Union bases b/c of the Bay of Pigs Invasion. US had attempted to invade Cuba in '61, which failed. Fidel Castro ws confident that the US would attempt a second attack. when Premier Nikita Khrushchev of the USSR proposed the idea, Castro thought it would prevent anothe rinvasion. Crisis in Oct. of '62, fear of Nuclear War breaking out. US ready for attack from Cuba, if missile was launched, it would be taken as an attack against US. if anybody was to make a wrong move, a Nuclear War would start. very few people died in combat or aircraft. several exchanges of communication most from Krushchev. Oct. 15 images of bases revealed, 16th JFK informed, 22nd, JFK announced missile bases, 28th Krushchew dismantled bases which ended crisis.
Berlin Blockade- Soviet Union blocked the railroads going into Berlin to block supply line to stop other countries from taking over Berlin and not becoming communist, we created the idea of organizing the "Berlin Airlift,” our planes dropped tons of supplies(mostly food). Allied forces wanted to repair Germany and Soviets wanted to destroy it to not have to worry about it anymore. Stalin and the "Red Army" set up in East Germany while the US was in West Germany. Blockade lasted about 11 months. We set up an airlift called "Berlin Airlift" for planes to drop in supplies and food for the Berlin people. 12-13 tons of supplies a day. We airlifted supplies to not have a war by destroying the wall, soviet union didn’t want to attack us b/c they didn't want to start a war, this led to taking down the wall, it was useless.
The Nuclear Arms Race- After both nations possessed the nuclear weapons, a race began to get better, efficient, and more higher quality bombs, intercontinental Ballistic Missiles were created, could deliver missiles all over world, missiles best form of nuclear weapons, Soviets launched Sputnik satellite, US feared that they might launch a nuclear missile attack that would reach any part of the world, major rold in starting the space race. Satellites were designed to detect a nuclear strike before it happened, large bunkers made to save leaders and citizens built fallout shelters, people taught to react to nuclear strike. Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) was the US and USSR's mutual understand that a nuclear strike from either side would cause massive damage to both parties, this came into play when both sides realized they both had enough power to destroy the other side, second strike- if one side would strike first, the other side would send a bomb to destroy the first side. This is when MAD came into effect. other countries UK, China, started making smaller amounts of nuclear weapons. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) reducing the nuclear weapons.
Soviet Union invades Afghanistan-Mujadeen against Afhan people and soviet union!- Soviet Union invaded in 1979 for about 8 years, Soviets financed the Afghans and lead some of their military. They wanted to help strengthen communists power of Afghanistan civil war between Soviet Union and Afghan. "holy war"- guerrillas started turning the Soviet army around when the soldier started losing motivation to keepy fighting.Gorbachev took Soviet Union out of Afghanistan saying he wanted better western relations and a better economy. in Moscow the two coutries signed a peace agreement and the Soviets would withdraw from Afghanistan. many died or wounded. Carter put an embargo against Soviet Union. Us boycotted the Moscow Olympics, Afghans competed.
Perestroika and Glasnost- Opening and restructuring. (change because Soviet Union was dying.) Russian words. Reagan's mission was no nuclear weapons. wanted to persuade soviet union to allow for more democracy and free speech to lead to reform. To end Communism. INF Treaty- Inetermediate Range Nuclear Force Treaty-eliminated nuclear and conventinal ground launches, reduce nuclear missiles.
The Berlin Wall Coming Up and Going Down- 1961- constructed by the Communist. Soviet workers tore up the streets in Berlin and put in a barbed wire wall, in 1965 concrete wall was built. To keep the people in East Berlin in. they wanted to keep the East Berlin people from escaping the Communist gov't. East Berlin wanted the benefits that West Berlin had like democracy. people would jump out of the buildings over the wall, tried to climb the wall, tried to destroy the wall, build tunnels under the wall to escape. The consequences of trying to escape- losing jobs, family, killed, injured. Border opened in 1989, wall taken down 1990.
Effects:
Revolution of Cold War- Poland,Hungary,East Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia got rid of communism and became democratic.
Poland-in 1989, people were allowed to vote again.
Hungary-had broken free.
East Germany-East Germany would escape and go up through hungary to west Germany.
Czechoslovakia-Velvet Revolution" saw to overthrow communism.
Soviet Union-Warsaw Pact-soivet's alliance with eastern Europe.
Gorbachev and Bush declared a US-Soviet partnership, marking the end of the cold war.
5. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of the Korean Conflict.
Korea split into two – North and South Korea in 1950 to 1953 after WW2. The North was communist, and decided to invade the South in 1950. The United Nations got involved, mostly made up of US soldiers and we helped out the South because we were true anti-communists. We pushed North korean soldiers back so close to the chinese boarder (they thought we didn't like them because they had just become communist). so China invades North Korea and helps them out, and push us back to the half line of Korea
------ today: dmz (demilitarized zone)=zone separating North and South Korea. US has soldiers there in case North Korea decides to invade South Korea again (which they said they would do)
today, North Korea is struggling, South Korea is prospering. a few years ago, North Korea admitted they have nuclear weapons.
6. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of the Vietnam Conflict.
Vietnam. Year: 1950 – 1975. included the US, French, North and South Vietnam.
We wanted to stop communism, and North Vietnam wanted to be independent. Our allie, Ho Chi Minh asks independence from France. US didn’t want Vietnam to become communist because we didn’t like communism, and we thought the domino effect would come into play (other countries would start becoming communist). US really never declared war on Vietnam, but President Johnson could do whatever he wanted in Nam. Finally, there was war in 1968, escalation. My Lai Massacre was when American soldiers killed hundreds of children and old people. We needed more US soldiers, so there was draft, and how that worked was something to do on your birthday. How men got out of the draft was fleeing the country to Sweden or Canada. Claiming to be homosexual, went to college, got married, joined National Guard or Peace Corps, being rich or were medically unfit to fight. There were a lot of War protests at home – young people were really upset. Had signs that said “Make love not war”. They wondered why we were over there because we weren’t making any progress. By 1975, Vietnam became an independent communist country.
7. Students will understand the causes and effects of Afghanistan and Iraq.
We went to war with Afghanistan because of 911, when Al Quada took over planes and flew them into the World Trade Center in 2001. Ten years later, we found the leader of the Taliban – government in charge at the time – and killed him. We are now in the process of pulling troops out of there.
Iraq: War in 2003 because we thought they had weapons that could destroy things, but really they didn’t. We captured Saddam Hussein and was sentenced to death. We established a democratic government. And now currently have military advisors in Iraq.
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