- What were the causes of the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression?
-Causes of the GD:
- Over production of goods
- Under consumption of goods by consumers
- Ag slump due to overproduction
- High protective tariff policies of the 1920’s
- Taxes benefiting the rich- rich got richer, poor got poorer
- Stock Market Crash
-Causes of SMC:
- Over speculation of good during the 1920’s= buy and sell to make quick money
- Overproduction of goods
- Buying on Margin= caused more people to get in the stock market
- Uneven distribution of wealth
- Too much borrowing from banks
- Stock prices were grossly inflated, did not have real value
- Federal Reserve increased interest rates= bankers bank where bankers would borrow money from the Federal Reserve. Low interest rates which encourages people to borrow money. Raised interest rates and people quit borrowing money and buying items.
- Lack of government regulation
- What impact did the stock market crash and Great Depression have on the lives of people in the United States?
-Children
- Would write letters to the president for clothing, and money
- Boxcar kids- children that ran away from home and lived on railroads
- Child Labor Laws formed
- Ran from home
- Girls dress like boys to help themselves
-Women
- Men and women were affected differently
- Women felt as if their household jobs were enhanced
- Not a lot of money to live off of
- Men felt like failures
-Men
- Men went around looking for jobs
- Ended up giving up on looking for jobs
- A lot of times men left their homes, wife, and children because of embarrassment
-Families
- Marriage were put off because they couldn’t afford the ceremony
- Divorces were put off
- Birth rates dropped because they couldn’t afford it
- Many families were stressed
- Tested how strong the families were
- Tore many families apart
- Family income dropped 4%
-Farmers
- Corn prices dropped
- Farmers burned their corn because of coal being too expensive
- Bartering
- Children wore clothes made out of flour sacks
-Wealthy People
- Not affected
- 40% of the country was not affected
- They tried to help poor people
- Sometimes didn’t notice others suffering
- Some lost a lot of money in the stock market
- Flaunted their wealth more
- Many rich people still had a lot of money, and didn’t lose anything
-Living Conditions
- Hoovervilles- a town made from any kind of material found because they couldn’t afford a house
- People lived anywhere they could: park benches, and under newspapers for blankets
- What did the United States government do to help alleviate the problems the Great Depression brought to our country?
-Hoover
- Reconstruction Finance Corporation- used to aid state and local governments
- Lent money to financial, industrial, and ag institutions
- Financed the construction and operation of war plants, made loans to foreign governments, provided protection against war and disaster damages, and engaged in numerous other activities
- Mexican Repatriation Program- 500,000 people forced to the US. Hoover authorized to combat unemployment, reduce burden on aid services
- Criticized for his Laissez- faire
- Clung to his program, and never tried anything different
- Lost support of the nation
- Lowered taxes and started public works projects to create jobs
- Loans went to banks and big businesses not to the unemployed, homeless, or needy
- Called many business leaders to Washington to urge them not to lay off workers or cut wage
- Constructed the Hoover dam, and gave jobs to people
-FDR
- 3 R’s= relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy to normal levels, and Reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression
- Social Security Act- Aided the blind, deaf, disabled, and dependent children, and helped elderly people
- AAA- protected farmers from price drops by providing crop subsidies to reduce production, educational programs to teach methods of preventing. Paid them not to plant part of their land and kill off excess livestock. Helped the overproduction of crops
- New Deal #1- focused on the economic system, and help banks get back on track
- New Deal #2- focused on social justice, and helped individual people more so than the first deal
- What long lasting impact did the Great Depression have on the US and world?
- Impact on the World
- Stock market crash was the main part of the depression
- Overproduction of crops- big problem in Europe
- Inflation hit in after WW1
- Food market lost a lot of money
- South Africa small businesses were dropped
- France and Germany recovered by 1925
- Inflation made them have many fears
- Japan had main export of silk
- People weren’t buying silk
- What were the causes of WWII?
-Causes
- The Great Depression
- Anarchy=without government
- Democracy=everyone had an equal say in what happens
- Dictatorship=one person has complete power
- Oligarchy=power in the hands of a few people
- Laissez Faire=hands off
- What impact did the United States have on WWII?
-impact
- The US wasn’t going to get involved with the war
- They ended up getting involved after Japan invaded Pearl Harbor
- US was allied powers with GB, France, USSR, China
- 7. What were the goals for the US during the Cold War?
-US Goals
- Wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
- Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
- Stop the spread of communism
- 8. What were some of the major events that took place during the Cold War?
-Space Race
- Against the Russians
- Russians got Sputnik in the sky before we did
- Yuri Gagarin was the first person in space and from Russia
- Science and math were pushed in school after Sputnik was sent to space
- US was the first moon landing
- Louis Armstrong, and Buzz Aldrin
- MIR- the rendezvous between Russia and the US
- Sally Ride was the first female in space from America
- Ended up in front of Russia in the end
-Bay of Pigs Invasion
- Castro comes to power in Cuba and establishes communism
- Nixon’s plan- CIA trained to go in and overthrow Castro
- The Cuban people didn’t join in the fight
- Cubans were captured and killed
-Cuban Missile Crisis
- Spy plane flew over Cuba
- 13 day stand off
- Compromise- the Soviets would take their missiles out of Cuba and we would take our missiles out of Turkey and never invade Cuba
-Berlin Wall
- Separated Germany into 2 sides
- Communist= East
- Democrats= West
- Built to keep people out easterners were coming into the west
- If you got into west Berlin you were free
- If you escaped you would get killed
- Symbolized the Cold War
-Korean Conflict
- War between North and South
- NK, China VS. SK, UN, UK, US
- North invaded the south
- China had control of NK after WW2
- Back and forth war
- Pushed North and South Korea back and forth between the 30 degree parallel line
- They compromised, but never signed a treaty
-Red Scare McCarthyism
- Thousands of Americans were accused of being communists
- Targets were government employees, entertainers, educators and Union activists
- Many people lost their jobs or went to prison
- FBI engaged in a number of illegal practices
- Started by Senator Joseph McCarthy
- He had a briefcase full of all the names of communists
- Made claims of large numbers of communists
-Berlin Blockade/airlift, Cuban Missile Crisis, Red Scare/McCarthyism, Space Race, Bay of Pigs, Berlin Wall, End of the Cold War
9. Why did the US go to war in Korea and Vietnam and what were outcome of those wars?
The US entered the wars because they didn’t like the USSR. They mainly did it to stop the spread of communism throughout the world.
-Korea= ended with a compromise, but no treaty or pact to not invade each other again
-Vietnam= Nixon called “Vietnamization” which took our people out of the war and let Vietnam fight their own battles
- 9. How did the Cold War come to an end?
- · 1983 invasion of Grenada
- · 1986 invasion of Libya
- · Publicly describe the USSR as an “evil empire”
- · Supported anti- communist movements worldwide
- · Opposed détente
- · Ordered a massive military buildup in an arms race with the USSR
- · Had numerous meetings with the Soviet leader Gorbachev
- · This helped bring the war to an end
11. Know these major major post-Cold War Events:
-JFK Assassination
- · By Lee Harvey Oswald
- · Oswald was a sharp shooter
- · Shot him from the Texas School Book Depository on the 6th floor
- · Packed up boxes to hide himself
- · Killed a police officer after he killed Kennedy
- · Arrested in Texas Theatre
- · Jack Ruby killed Oswald while he was being transferred from one prison to the next
-Watergate
- Hotel that was the home of the democratic headquarters for their campaigns
- 5 people were arrested for breaking into the headquarters to find dirt on the democratic party
- 2 Washington Post reporters kept investigating after everyone gave up
- Nixon said that he had nothing to do with it
- FBI eventually confirmed that Nixon aides had attempted to sabotage the democrats—many began resigned and faced prosecution
- Nixon resigned before they could impeach him
-Iran Hostage Crisis
- Between the Us and Iran
- New government of Iran took 52 Americans hostage for 444 days
- We controlled Iran
- Islamic Revolution- threw out the government that we supported
- Iraq invaded Iran and negotiated to release the hostages
- Iraq and Iran still don’t get along today
- Deal before that we give them Shaw, and they give us the hostages
- That didn’t happened
- Then the war happened between Iraq and Iran
-Persian Gulf War (1991)
- Iraq invaded Kuwait
- Leader of Iraq Sudam Hussein
- Invaded because Kuwait had a lot of oil
- Wanted control of Kuwait
- Felt like Kuwait was stealing their oil
- Iraq wanted more control over the Persian Gulf
- US ordered Iraq to pull out of Kuwait
- Started because of the Operation Desert Shield- save Saudi Arabia from being attacked
- the Operation Desert Storm- started bombing, and forced the Iraqi’s out
- Results:
- Coalition Force victory, Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait, destruction of Iraqi/Kuwait infrastructure
- Coalition- 482 dead, Iraq- 20,000- 35,000
- 1991-2003- No- fly zone, weapons inspectors, WMD’s
- We never leave Saudi Arabia
- Started seeing us as invaders
- No Fly Zones were put in Iraq- flew across Iraq to see if they were following the rules
- Weapons inspectors-had rights to inspect if Iraq had WMD’s
-9-11
- Saratoga Florida
- First plane that ran into the north tower
- Second tower was attacked
- Hit the Pentagon
- Pennsylvania
- Building collapsed
- Osama bin Laden in charge of it
- Afterwards people were sent to invade Afghanistan
-War in Afghanistan
- Result of 9-11
- Hoping to be out of this war by 2014 (goal)
-War in Iraq
- Started with the State of the Union address
- Saddam Hussein was an enemy of America
- The Capture, Trial, and Execution of Saddam Hussein
- Went to war because of the claim of having nuclear weapons
- Not allowing weapon inspectors into Iraq and that’s what started this war
- Saddam was taken down really fast and his government
- We had to fight al- Qaeda
- Caught him in a hole underground
- Put on trial by the new Iraqi government that we established
- Hung by the people of Iraq
- Ended In 2011
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