1.) What were the causes of the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression?
Stock Market Crash of 1929
Buying on Margin
Overproduction and Underconsumption of
Businesses kept producing goods that people couldn’t by
Stock went down
Banks Investing
took people's money
invested it in the stock market
ended up closing without getting the people’s money back
Stock Pools and Watered Stock
Wealthy buy stock for little cost
Sell stock as very high prices
Didn’t reflect business
Stock value is more than the company is worth
No one believed the stock would ever fall
Great Depression
Stock Market Crash
Bank Failures
Banks invested people’s money in stock market
lots of banks were closing
Overproduction/Under consumption
Unemployment was on the rise
People from all classes stopped purchasing items
Factories produced too many goods
Massive agricultural overproduction in 1920’s- led to declining farm prices
Drought Conditions (not a direct cause but did not help)
“Dust Bowl”
2.) What impact did the stock market crash and Great Depression have on the lives of people in the United States?
Stock Market
Roaring 20’s
Wealth and peace
Cities
Agriculture
The Crash
Panic
Withdrawing funds
Steel- really low
Construction- really slow business
Car Sales
High Debts- Easy Credit
Unemployment
Lost everything
Businesses
Vicious Cycle
People weren’t spending money
Businesses weren’t making money
Businesses laid people off
People couldn’t spend money
Homeless
Unemployment rose and so did homelessness
Many people lost their homes
Hoovervilles were set up
Central Park (main one)
Boxcar Children
teenagers left their homes because they felt that they were a burden to their parents and rode on trains
Farmers
Produced record numbers in WWI
Prices fell – more production
Farmers went bankrupt and many of them lost their farms
Weather was also terrible for crops (Dust Bowl)
Breadlines
3.) What did the United States government do to help alleviate the problems the Great Depression brought to our country?
Started the New Deal programs such as; NIRA, NRA, WPA….
Deficit spending starts
Many organizations are started, which creates jobs.
Relief, Reform and Recovery
Relief for the needy
Economic Recovery
Financial Reform
First and Second new deals
FDIC
WPA
4.) What were the causes of WWII?
Great Depression started 10 years before which lead people unemployed and desperate
nationalism was going through Germany
Emperor of China and Japan have been fighting since Japan invaded Manchuria
Japanese expansion
Germany, Italy, and Japan were testing the League of Nations by invading smaller countries
Treaty of Versailles
was very harsh on Germany and at first people accepted his unlawful actions after
Hitler’s Actions in the 30’s
Invasion of Poland
We Quit trading oil with Japan in the summer of 1941
Tough policies towards Japan in the fall of 1941
Pearl Harbor attack was the last straw which brought us to war the very next day
5.) What impact did the United States have on WWII?
We made the neutrality acts
1935- stop trade with countries at war
1936- stop loaning money to countries at war
1937- Cash and Carry (NO WEAPONS)
1939- Cash and Carry (weapons included)
cash-and-carry system
We would trade with countries if they came and paid us up front in cash and took it back on their own ships.
we were very concerned with loaning money to countries at war and trading with countries at war
We didn’t want to have countries owe us money and we didn’t want our ships to be destroyed.
Power Pacts
4 Power Pact
agreed not to seek further territory
US, GB, France, Japan
5 Power Pact
limited production of arms
GB, US, France, Italy, Japan
9 Power Pact
Granted Chinese Independence
6.) What were the goals for the US during the Cold War?
wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
stop the spread of communism
Yalta Conference (February, 1945)
Before the end of World War II, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt met at Yalta to plan what should happen when the war ended. They agreed on many points:
The establishment of the United Nations
Germany to be divided into four zones
Free elections allowed in the states of eastern Europe
Russia promised to join the war against Japan
Domino Theory (Effect)
a foreign policy theory
if one land fell to communism all of the surrounding ones will follow
Policy of Containment
US foreign policy that said that communism would fall if it could be contained
Marshall Plan
Rebuilding countries in Europe to stop the spread of communism and build up their economies
Brinkmanship
pushing you to the brink of war but you don't do it
Massive Retaliation/Mutual Deterrence/Mutual Assured Destruction
if one country had nuclear weapons and another country has the same thing you won’t use them
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization
alliance against the communists in the Cold War
Warsaw Pact was the alliance between the Soviet Union and other
Peaceful coexistence
competition without war
De-Stalinization
undoing what Stalin did
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1963
banned above ground nuclear testing
Between the US, Soviet Union, United Kingdom
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1968
objects the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology
countries that did not have nuclear weapons, if they signed it, could not make nuclear weapons.
they can use nuclear energy
Detente
the easing of hostility
US and Soviet Union
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (Treaty) 1972
limited nuclear weapons
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 1972
neither country can put together a system to protect themselves from nuclear weapons
Perestroika
openness in the economy
Glasnost
openness in the government
7.) What were some of the major events that took place during the Cold War?
Berlin Blockade/Airlift
June 1948-May 1949
Berlin was entirely in the Soviet sector.
They wouldn't let any supplies in our sector of Berlin.
We airlifted supplies into our sectors.
Red Scare/McCarthyism
People being scared of communism and the spread of communism
Joe McCarthy was a Senator of Wisconsin
McCarthy started accusing people of being communist
He said he had a list of 205 communists in the State Department
In 1954, he was censured by the Senate which stripped him of his powers.
He died 3 years later of alcohol abuse.
Bay of Pigs
Fidel Castro came to power in 1959 and quickly aligned himself with the communists.
President Eisenhower started it.
CIA trained Cubans to overthrow Castro.
We did this to make it look like we weren't involved.
It would start a Civil War and we wouldn't have to fight.
Fails miserably.
Cuba asked the USSR to bring nuclear missiles.
It was an embarrassment to Kennedy and the country.
Berlin Wall
1961 the Soviets built the wall.
They didn't want to because they didn't want people to turn away from Communism
It was built to keep people on the Soviet side (East Berlin).
There was a piece of land in between the two areas and there were gunman to shoot people that tried to escape.
Fell in 1989.
Checkpoint Charlie was the place you had to go through if you had to travel between the two sides.
Cuban Missile Crisis
13 day crisis- 1962
Bay of Pigs happened and Cuba asked for Soviet Union to bring them missiles because they thought we would invade them
We put a quarantine (blockade) on Cuba
Agreement- Cuba takes their missiles out if we pledge to never invade Cuba and we also promised to take out our missiles from Turkey
End of Cold War
Soviet Leader Gorbachev had the will to change Communism
He took blame for cold war
He allowed Eastern Europe to do what they want
New countries after Communism fell:
Czech Republic, Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro, Herzegovina
Russia breaking up, Belarus, Moldova, Uzbekistan
Soviet Mistakes:
Soviets wanted to surround themselves with Communistic allies
Freedom fighters of Afghanistan, tried to overthrow Communistic government
Afghanistan invited Soviets in to help them
Soviets ignored social concerns and spent all the money on military
Post Cold War
In the 1990's war was at peace
President Clinton closed down numerous military bases around the country reducing size of military
Taliban thought we wanted to take over their land in Kuwait
9-11 caught U.S. off guard
8.) Why did the US go to war in Korea and Vietnam and what were outcome of those wars?
Everything that we did during this time was to try to stop the spread of communism
Korea
north invaded south and we had to defend the south to stop the spread of communism
back and forth war ended on the 30th parallel
Vietnam
To stop the spread of communism
At the Geneava Convention Vietnam was split into two parts
North (Communist) -Ho Chi Min
South (Democratic)- Emperor Bao Dai and Diem
9.) Know these major post-Cold War Events:
-JFK Assassination
he was assassinated from a textbook depository in texas by a sniper Lee Harvey Oswald
first shot was through the neck
magic bullet theory
Grassy knoll
-Civil Rights
Talk about topics such as
Brown vs the Board of Education of Topeka- eliminated segregation in schools
Civil Rights Act of 1964- got rid of segregation and Jim Crow Laws.
Voting Rights Act of 1965- no more poll taxes and literacy tests before voting
24th Amendment- abolished poll taxes (pay to vote)
Talk about topics such as Brown vs the Board of Education of Topeka case and desegregation, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, 24th Amendment, etc.
-Watergate
two burglars went into the democratic headquarters and tried to find dirt on the democrats plus wire the place but one tap didnt work so they went back and got caught nixon denied being involved and said they did it by themselves but the recordings in the white house proved otherwise although nixon had blacked out lots of the notes
-Persian Gulf War(1991)
Iran and Iraq had been having disputes over oil for years persian gulf war- garett Saddam Hussein Invaded Kuwait on august 1991 over siphoning crude oil from the border
operation desert storm iraq invaded kuwait for stealing crude oil. iraq needed to pay france 80 million dollars for the iraq and iran war. the stealing of oil would make it harder for iraq to pay back the debt. he invaded kuwait to free them. the taliban turned against us even though we helped them in a previous war
-9-11
4 planes were hijacked 2 went into the world trade centers and 1 the pentagon and 1 in the field
-War in Afghanistan
Taliban took over Afghanistan’s government
U.S goal was to dismantle al-Qaeda and remove Taliban from power
Bush wanted Taliban to hand over Bin Laden
Operation Enduring Freedom
Ultimatum to the Taliban- you're either with us or against us
-War in Iraq
We believed Iraq had weapons of mass destruction
Iraq and Saddam Hussein had to let UN in to inspect for weapons
Iraq wasn’t abiding by the rules
Bush said if you don’t let the weapon inspectors in were invading
U.S. kept searching but didn’t find anything
Surge- Bush sent 20,000 troops to Iraq and people didn’t like the war
Saddam ran and U.S. captured him and he was killed
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