Essentials for US History--Semester One
1. Students will understand the impact the Industrial Revolution had on the United States.(Ch. 6)
- new technologies: cottan gin, type writer, the light bulb, and the telephone
- huge wealth of natural resources to help and industrial revolution boom.. coal, iron, oil...
- monopolies were being made
- the populations were growing, which provided cheaper labor
- government supported businesses
- railroads were invented which helped which trading and made thing move much faster
2. Students will understand the impact immigration and urbanization had on the United States.(Ch. 7)
-Why did immigrants come to the US?
By the promise of better life. Escape difficult conditions-famine, land shortages, or religious and political persecution.
-Where did immigrants come from?
Western and northern Europe before 1890. Starting 1890s immigrants from eastern and southern Europe started to increase. About a million people came from Italy, Russia, and Austria-Hungary in 1907 alone. China and Japan.
-What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?
Weren't as many jobs as needed. Ellis Island-not getting let in. Different language or culture that they weren't used to. Viewed as a threat to the American way of life.
-Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?
Didn't like some of the immigrants races. Chinese Exclusion Act-Banned all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials
3. Students will understand the impact of the Progressive Era on the United States.(Ch. 9)
Progressive Era-1890s-1920 where people worked to reform the government and correct social problems by taking power away from the rich and giving it to the common people. Goals: Protecting Social Welfare-YMCA and Salvation Army, Promoting Moral Improvement, Fostering Efficiency.
-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?
Prohibition-The banning of alcohol. Because it was destroying American morals. WTCU and Carrie Nation.
4. Students will understand the impact imperialism had on the United States and world.(Ch. 10)
Imperialism- a bigger country takes over little countries.
- brings military power, naval bases, refueling stations, money and natural resources, and belief in cultural superiority
- smaller countries benifited from joining with a bigger country
5. Students will understand the causes for US involvement in World War I and the effects it had on the United States.(Ch. 11)
Focus on these topics for the test:
-Causes of WWI:
Militarism (arms race), Imperialism, Nationalism, System of Alliances, and Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand-official started war called the "spark that started the war". Terrorist group in Serbia called Black Hand killed him. Military Alliances.
-Causes for US involvement:
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare-type of naval warefare in which submarines sink non naval boats without warning (Germany sunk a French boat, Sussex) Sussex Pledge-Germany pledged to limit unrestricted submarine warfare. Germans sank the Lusitania which caused the US to join WW1.
American Propaganda-Increase support for the war. Urged people to plant victory gardens, join the war, and greater war production.
-Trench Warfare and weapons:
Trench Warfare-Fighting lines of trenches where troops are immune to enemy small fire arms and some artillery. The result was a slow wearing away of enemies. Area between trenches called "no mans land." Weapons-Advancements in machine guns and rifles, gases, submarines, tanks, and aircrafts.
-US Home Front:
Women played a huge roll in the US being victorious by planting victory gardens.
Women took over a lot of jobs while men were overseas fighting in the war.
US Navy began accepting women during WWl. Better working conditions. Role of Women-changed they did more than just cook and clean.
-Wilson's 14 Points:
Why? The Great War was being fought for a moral cause. Peace in Europe after the war.
1-End secret treaties. 2-Freedom of the seas. 3-Free trade for all countries. 4-Disarmanent. 5-End to colonial claims. 6-Self determination for all countries (mainly Russia). 7-Restoration of Belguim. 8-Restoration of France. 9-Readjustment of Italy's boundaries. 10-Austria-Hungary would be given opportunity for autonomous development. 11-Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored. 12-Turkey should be soverign (free). 13-Poland would be given their independence. 14-The League of Nations would be developed.
Treaty of Versailles:
Brought 9 new nations: Poland, Czechoslovakia, and a kingdom that was later established Yugoslavia. Germany didn't like the treaty they wanted Wilson's 14 points instead. Germany was named the sole country responsible for war and they lost colonies in the Pacific. Germany was not allowed to maintain a big army and returned Alsace-Lorraine to France. Germany paid $33 billion to the Allies. Lost 10% of land to surrounding countries.
6. Students will understand the political, social and economic changes that occurred in the 1920’s in the United States.(Ch. 12/13)
Focus on these topics for the test:
1. Roaring 20's
Known as the jazz age or Golden age of sports or Advertising age. A lot of people had radios for the first time. Automobiles common in America.
2. A "return to normalcy"-Warren G. Harding
Isolationism. Didn't want to join the League of nations because that would prevent isolationism.
3. Red Scare
People were spreading communism around the country and people were scared. We made sure that we did not become communism. Communism-everyone should be equal. Take from the rich and give to the poor. Karl Marx came up with the idea of communism. US reduced immigration to stop the Red Scare.
4. Buying on credit
Allowed most people to be able to buy expensive, nice things because people could buy things now and pay later.
5. Planes and automobiles
Automobiles-Created more jobs for people, made it easier for people to travel, go on vacation, and going to cities to shop.
Route 66 "The Mother Road" From Chicago to Los Angeles.
Henry Ford-Made the Model T and started the essembling line and interchangeable parts.
Charles Lindbergh "Lucky Lindy"-First person to fly across the Atlantic Ocean by himself without stopping.
Amelia Earhart-First woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean but then died trying to fly around the world.
6. Prohibition
18th Amendment-The manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages was illegal.
Reason it failed-People despised it. Saw it as government meddling in people's lives.
7. Republican presidents and philosophy-Harding, Coolidge, Hoover
Laissez-Faire: let businesses do what they want don't intervene.
Trickle-Down Theory: Give tax cuts to the wealthy because by helping the wealthy it will eventually trickle down and help eveyone else by hiring more people and stuff like that.
Rugged Individualism-It's your responsibility not anyone elses. (welfare checks)
Harding- ran to return to normalcy, not joining the league of nations
Harding won the presedentcy in 1920, economy boomed stock market boomed
Coolidge-Pretty much just sat around and let everything happen on its own.
Hoover-Super popular. Conserved food during WWl. Was president during the Great Depression.
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