1. What are the main historic events(hit five) that took place in 8th Grade US History that helped shape the United States up to 1877?(10 points)-Chapters 1-4
- Christopher Columbus Sailing to America- He took three ships and left in August of 1492. He arrived in America in October of the same year. He thought he was going to the West Indies, and actually thought that he was there when he docked in America. he wasn't the first explorer to come to this land. He did make the first settlement though.
- Revolutionary War- The revolutionary war was a war between the what is now America and the British. We were trying to break away from the British to make a new and free country. This war was vital to the future of our nation because it made us our own country. Many soldiers and people died for this cause, but it was worth it. It was from 1775-1783.
- Constitution- The constitution gave the new country America a set of rules to abide by. It helped give us a firm foundation, and make sure that there is control in the country.
- Civil War- The civil war was between the years of 1861 and 1865 and was fought between the northern states and the southern states. The main goal was to abolish slavery and come together as a country again. The north won and slavery was done with, but there was still racial tension.
- Louisiana Purchase- The Louisiana Purchase was very important to the country because it doubled the size of America, and many new states were added because of it, including Iowa. This also helped the United States become more of a global power.
2. How did the US change during the late 1800's and early 1900's?(10 points)-Chapters 5-8
Moving west- Plains wars, settling the west,
Industrial revolution- More modern cities, assembly line really helped lead to this because it sped up production greatly.
Monopolies- One business controlling an entire industry. (Andrew Carnegie-US steel, John Rockefeller-Standard Oil)
Immigration- More people coming to America for opportunities not given in other places.
Forcing native Americans off land to expand west and make more cities.
- Railroads- Many railroad tracks were laid across the country so trading could be more efficient and faster.
- Segregation- blacks were treated very poorly, and were separated from whites.
3. What impact did the Progressives have on the United States?(20 points)-Ch. 9
Progressive era was a time were we were helping Americans out and making progress in our county. The two presidents were Woodrow Wilson and Teddy Roosevelt.
-Income tax-16th amendment
Passed in 1913 and it allows the government to apply an income tax. They cannot charge tax based on how many people are in your state. Allowed the government to directly tax individuals instead of state things. They could tax pay checks and things that relate back to you directly. Amount taxed was based off of income level
-Direct Election of US Senators-17th Amendment
The citizens of states get the right to vote in senators. There are two per state no matter the population difference. it stopped all of the rich white men from controlling the vote, and let the common man have a say.
-Temperance Movement-18th Amendment
The temperance movement was a movement where they wanted more moderation of alcohol and for it to be banned. They wanted hard liquor banned but did not push so hard for beer and wine.
The 18th amendment (Prohibition) banned alcohol (1919). It was illegal to sell or export liquor. Possession and consumption however was not made illegal.. Women helped push for prohibition because they thought that alchohol was behind crime. Medical and religious reasons were an exception to this amendment. It ended in 1933 in the 21st amendment
-Women's Suffrage Movement-19th Amendment
Women the right to vote. The whole push started in 1800's. they didn't have the equal voting rights. happened in 1920. Lead to women getting treated fairly and close to same pay as men. But women are still payed less than men even today. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Important because women have the right to vote now.The decisions made will effect women because we are a part of the country too.
Meat Inspection Act
1906- After Upton Sinclair wrote about how bad the conditions and hygiene were in meat packing plants, it helped pass this act. Roosevelt went to the packing plants and made the law that they could sell it as long as it was labeled. Protected the citizens from disease.
Pure food and drug act
Passed in 1906. made companies put labels on their food so people knew what was in it so they couldn't put bad drugs in it.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act and Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Broke up monopolies. - gave labor unions legal rights to exist. and gave people the right to be in them and not get hired.
Fedral reserve board
It was made to govern the Federal Reserve System, and it strengthened banks. A banker's Bank
4. Describe US Foreign Policy in the late 1800's and early 1900's and be able to give examples.(10 points)-Ch. 10
DIPLOMACIES- Having a diplomacy is having international relations. We started believing in new diplomacy which is going out and getting involved with other countries instead of staying to ourselves. We purchased Alaska from Russia, and later we took over Hawaii because of the demand for sugar cane. We eventually went into war with Spain. The main causes were Yellow Journalism, and the sinking of the USS Maine. In this war we had our first Calvary unit called the rough riders. The war lasted 3 months and the Spanish empire was done.
Woodrow Wilson and Teddy Roosevelt
Big Stick Diplomacy- Using military to get what we wanted.
Taft's Dollar Diplomacy -It was a foreign policy followed by Taft and his secretary of state. helping commercial interest abroad, trading around the world. Invest in Latin America
Wilson's Missionary Diplomacy -wanted to change Latin American countries to be democracies. We would not recognize any government that was oppressive, undemocratic and hostile towards the US
5. What impact did World War I have on the United States?(20 points)-Ch. 11
The US got involved because of the Zimmerman telegraph that was sent to Mexico, propaganda getting people to get involved and excited for the war, and the Germans submarine warfare.
What impact did we have- The US was a major force joining the Allied forces. The government changed from staying out of everything to getting involved. Towards the end Wilson had 14 points on how he thought we should return to normalcy. People signed the treaty of Versailles to end the fighting. Without us, the allies might not have won the war.
Return to normalcy- After the war countries had their own ideas on what should happen but almost everyone thought that Germany needed to take the blame for the war. We went back to isolation.
6. What positive and negative impact did the 1920's have on the United States?(20 points)-Ch. 12-13
Positives-After the War there were more rights for women and the US was a growing empire. Many new inventions, the Auto mobile was created and allowed transportation to become easier. Many jobs were created.
Negative- The loss of life in the war, and the stock market crash which lead to the depression.
In conclusion, we ended up going back to the policy of isolationism
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