What were the causes of the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression?
Stock Market- started on black Thursday, October 24, 1929 dropped 11%. on black Monday, October 28, 1928 the market fell another 13%. lack of government regulation, buying stocks on margin. Pooling- when something is in high demand the price will go up, over priced stocks. that Tuesday, October 29, 1929 the stock market took it final blow. it fell another 11%. 16 million shares were sold that day.
Great depression- The Stock Market Crash-1929,Bank Failures,American Economic Policy w/ Europe--Smoot-Hawley Tariff--Helped protect American companies,Drought Conditions--Mississippi Valley--Taxes, Overproduction in Agriculture, Farm Crisis, Unemployment rose to 25%, wages fell 42%, economic growth fell 50%, world trade fell a whole 65%
What impact did the stock market crash and Great Depression have on the lives of people in the United States?
Stock Market-
People sold stocks and traded them which caused people to panic. Banks and businesses had to shut down. People went into depression and cause 23,000 suicides. Jobs were lost and people were fighting for that. People lost their possessions because they couldn't pay for it so the bank took it . People lost faith in the stock market. unemployment or drop in wages.
Great Depression- Crime Rates increased, people stole things like money and food from other people. Mass migrations, people were trying to get out of the country and into the city because they weren't getting money from crops. Higher education was out of reach, didn't have money to pay for schooling. Divorce rates drop, if people got divorced they wouldn't have as much money, even if they didn't want to be together anymore they toughed it out. Cities all around were affected. Made the government stronger and much arger, FDIC, wouldn't lose all of your money. Unemployment rose to 25%. Deficit spending, spending more than you make
What did the United States government do to help alleviate the problems the Great Depression brought to our country?
President Hoover- West Branch Iowa. One of first Classes to go to Stanford. Degree in engineering. Head of food administration. Worked to send aid and food to Europe during WW1. Big supporter of the Progressive part. Republican. When he became president it was the first office he had ever been voted into. Stock Market crash a few months after he became president. Hoovervilles were built for the poor people because they thought he wasn't helping them.
Beliefs: Laissaz Fairre , Rugged Individualism, Trickle Down Theory
Passed Hawley smoot tariff, Reconstruction Finance Cooperation-help aid farmers and businesses - not around today, got cut off in the 1950's-
Roosevelt-New Deal(Goals/1st and 2nd):
Government to take responsibility for the economy
goal was to raise wages and prices, 3 r's, relief, recovery, reform. Liberals vs. conservatives.-supporters were liberals, democrats . conservatives were republicans.
1st New Deal-(helping businesses and banks) 1933-34, within the first 100 days, went to congress and discussed a bunch of acts and laws, Emergency banking act, 21st amendment, national recovery administration.
2nd new deal-(helping individual groups of people ) 1935-38, social security act, wagner act (unions), works progress administration, wealth tax act, housing act.
What were the causes of WWII?
Hitler, Almost immediately, began secretly building up Germany's army and weapons. In 1934 he increased the size of the army, began building warships and created a German air force.
Appeasement means giving in to someone provided their demands are seen as reasonable. During the 1930s, many politicians in both Britain and France came to see that the terms of the Treaty of Versailles had placed restrictions on Germany that were unfair. Hitler's actions were seen as understandable and justifiable.
obvious inability of the League of Nations to deal with major international issues.In both conflicts the League showed that it was unable to control those powers that worked outside of accepted international law.
What impact did the United States have on WWII?
President Franklin D. Roosevelt called upon the United States to be "the great arsenal of democracy," and supply war materials to the Allies through sale, lease, or loan. The Lend-Lease bill became law on March 11, 1941. During the next four years, the U.S. sent more than $50 billion worth of war materials to the Allies. Factories in the United States converted from civilian to war production with amazing speed. Firms that had made vacuum cleaners before the war began to produce machine guns. As men went into the armed forces, women took their places in war plants. By 1943, more than two million women were working in American war industries. In shipyards and aircraft plants, Rosie the riveter became a common sight. Officials discovered that women could perform the duties of eight of every 10 jobs normally done by men. Most governments, both Allied and Axis, had to ration the amount of consumer goods each person could use. In the United States, rationed items included meats, butter, sugar, fats, oil, coffee, canned foods, shoes, and gasoline. Congress gave the president power to freeze prices, salaries, and wages at their levels of September 15, 1942. The United States imposed a special excise tax on such luxury items as jewelry and cosmetics. The government also set up a civil-defense system to protect the country from attack. Many cities practiced "blackouts" in which cities on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts dimmed their lights. Ordinarily, the glare from their lights made ships near the shore easy targets for submarines. World War II brought an end to the Depression everywhere. Industries had been ignited for the production of arms and resources to equip fighting forces.
What were the goals for the US during the Cold War?
Wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
Stop the spread of communism
Wanted to create greater security for itself
lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin's purges
feared a strong Germany
Establish defensible borders
encourage friendly governments on its borders
spread communism around the world
What were some of the major events that took place during the Cold War?
the berlin airlift june 24, 1948
the marshall plan april 7, 1948
forming of NATO april 4, 1949
forming of Warshaw Pact May 14, 1955
vietnam war november 1, 1955
the U-2 incident may 1, 1960
bay of pigs april 17, 1961
creation of the berlin wall august 13, 1961
cuban missile crisis October 15, 1962
fall of berlin wall November 9, 1989
dissolution of the USSR december 26, 1991
Berlin Blockade/airlift
This event was caused by the division of Germany after World War II, Russia had the eastern half of Germany, which contained its capitol, Berlin. In 1948, Russia decided to cut off the allied side of Germany, the western side, from trade with Berlin. By doing this, Russia’s leader, cut off over 2.5 million people from food, supplies and electricity. The people on the Communist side who were being held against their will needed food and supplies, because it was clear that Russia was not going to provide any. Soon after, President Truman produced an airlift of supplies to drop food and other necessities in. By the end of the airlift, the United States and Britain were delivering over 8,000 tons of supplies per day. The goal of the airlift was to not let Russia have the advantage it wanted, putting the United States above its only major competitor.
Cuban Missile Crisis
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union engaged in a tense, 13-day political and military standoff in October 1962 over the installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba, just 90 miles from U.S. shores. In a TV address on October 22, 1962, President John Kennedy notified Americans about the presence of the missiles, explained his decision to enact a naval blockade around Cuba and made it clear the U.S. was prepared to use military force if necessary to neutralize this perceived threat to national security. Following this news, many people feared the world was on the brink of nuclear war. However, disaster was avoided when the U.S. agreed to Soviet leader offer to remove the Cuban missiles in exchange for the U.S. promising not to invade Cuba. Kennedy also secretly agreed to remove U.S. missiles from Turkey.
Red Scare/McCarthyism- Early 1950’s
- Fear that we were going to be overrun my communist
- 2nd red scare
- Brought in people from other countries and trained them about how to stop it in their country
- McCarthy hearing- Senator from Wisconsin
- 1950 gave a speech and claimed to have a list of 205 Communists in the State Department
- Most powerful person in our country
- Went around asking people if they were
- If they no then they were lying, if they said yes then they really were
- Main goal was for people to name names of other people who were
- Lost of famous people being on this communist list
- Supports of McCarthy
- Republicans
- Catholics
- Conservative Protestants
- Blue-collar workers
- Joseph and Robert Kennedy
- McCarthy’s downfall
- started accusing people in the US military and US Senate drew the line and told him to shut up and stripped him of his power
- died from alcohol abuse
- McCarthyism is a term still used today for accusing people without much proof or consent
-Space Race
During the Cold War the United States and the Soviet Union engaged a competition to see who had the best technology in space. This included such events as who could put the first manned spacecraft into orbit and who would be the first to walk on the Moon. The Space Race was considered important because it showed the world which country had the best science, technology, and economic system.
-Bay of Pigs-
Known in Latin as: Invasión de Bahía de Cochinos
-failed military invasion of Cuba by CIA Brigade 2506
-April 17, 1961
-Eisenhower approved in 1960 for training
-Kennedy authorized invasion plan
=Plan originally called for 2 air strikes against Cuban air bases
-send 1400 men to invade on surprise
-first messed it up when the first air strike missed target, and it was released that we were supporting the invasion, Kennedy cancelled second strike
Berlin Wall
was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin.The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, which circumscribed a wide area that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.
why did the US go to war in Korea and Vietnam and what were the outcomes?
America went to war in Korea to keep the southern zone, the zone that was supposed to be US administered under the UN control anti-communist.set the tone for Cold War tension between the superpowers. The Korean War was important in the development of the Cold War, as it showed that the two superpowers, United States and Soviet Union, could fight a "limited war" in a third country.
The U.S. went to war in Vietnam for the same reason they went to war in Korea to combat a communist country that was trying to take over a country with a somewhat Democratically-based government. 2.5 million people died, and millions more displaced. More bombs were dropped than all of World War II, and over one quarter of Vietnam's forests were killed by Agent Orange. No war has divided the American public like the Vietnam War. US wanted nothing to do with the Vietnam war.
How did the Cold War come to an end?
- heated in 1980
- over in 1990
- wasn’t a fighting was- strategic war
- We had great allies
- China started siding with us
- Soviet fell apart
- economy
- huge deficit
- high inflation
- corruption
- social problems
- shortage of basic needsstrong anti-communist presidency of Reagan
- **Gorbachev’s willingness for change and reform
- glasnost and perestroika- willingness to change government and economy
- admitted Soviet mistake
- took blame for the Cold War
- communist system had failed
- ***allowed Eastern Europe to do what they wanted***
- Arms Reduction Talks
- Reagan Gorbachev meetings
- Soviet mistakes
- invasion of Afghanistan
-JFK Assassination-
In the fall of 1963, US President John F. Kennedy performed a political tour of Texas to drum up public support for his re-election bid. The president and his entourage flew into Dallas, Texas, on Friday, 22 November 1963, and proceeded through the city in a motorcade. At 12:30 PM, the motorcade rolled into Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas and passed the seven-floor Texas School Book Depository building. Several (3) shots rang out; both the president and Texas Governor John Connally, who was also in the presidential limousine, were hit. The president died, the governor survived. About an hour later, the police arrested Lee Harvey Oswald, a worker at the depository, as a suspect, after Oswald had gunned down a police officer. Oswald refused to confess to any crimes, accusing the police of trying to frame him. Out of fears for Oswald's safety, he was to be transferred to a more secure facility at midday on Sunday, 24 November -- but while he was being moved he was gunned down by a Dallas nightclub owner named Jack Ruby.
-Civil Rights-
President Truman had the Fair Deal, which was a new version of the New deal that recognized and helped blacks, poor, education, and elderly. Many of his plans did not pass. President Eisenhower desegregated the army and schools. President Nixon was a big advocate for Civil Rights after the Cold War. He pushed for the de-segregation of schools and passed Title 9 for civil rights for women in high school and college.
Watergate Scandal
The Watergate Scandal was a major political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s as a result of the June 17, 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C., and the Nixon administration's attempted cover-up of its involvement. When the conspiracy was discovered and investigated by the US Congress, the Nixon Administration's resistance to its probes led to a constitutional crisis.
-Iran Hostage Crisis-
The Iran hostage crisis was the events following the seizure of the US embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979, a crisis that lasted over a year until January 20, 1981. The embassy was seized by a mob of around 500 Iranian students, calling themselves the Imam's Disciples, part of a crowd of thousands gathered around the embassy in protest. The 90 occupants of the embassy were held and the 66 Americans were made prisoners. Thirteen of the hostages were released on November 19 and 20 (the women and African-Americans amongst the group) but the remaining 52 continued to be held (one further hostage was released because of illness on July 11, 1980). The direct cause of the attack was the admission into the US of the exiled shah Pahlavi in October of that year, but it was indicative of a more general decline in relations between the two countries following the February 1979 revolution. The embassy had been briefly seized during the revolution. The US President, Jimmy Carter, immediately applied economic and diplomatic pressure on Iran, oil imports from Iran were ended, Iranians in the US were expelled and around $8 billion of Iranian assets in the United States were frozen. Carter pledged himself to preserving the lives of the hostages but beyond the initial measures he could do little. In February 1980 the Iranian government issued a set of demands in return for freeing the hostages, they demanded the return of the shah to Iran and certain diplomatic gestures including an apology for prior American actions in Iran and a promise not to interfere in the future. Rejecting the Iranian demands Carter approved an ill-conceived secret rescue mission, Operation Eagle Claw[?]. On the night April 24-25, 1980, as the first part of the operation, a number of C-130 transporters rendezvoused with nine RH-53 helicopters at an airstrip in the Great Salt Desert of south-eastern Iran. Two helicopters broke down in a sandstorm and a third was damaged on landing. The mission was aborted but as the aircraft took off again one helicopter clipped a C-130 and crashed, killed eight US servicemen and injuring four or more. In the evacuation sufficient mission material was left behind for the Iranians to discover and later display to the world's media. In the US administration Cyrus Vance resigned, having opposed the action. In 1980, the death of the shah (July 27) and the invasion of Iran by Iraq in September made the Iranians more receptive to resolving the hostage crisis. In the United States, Carter lost the November 1980 presidential election to Ronald Reagan. The hostage crisis played some role in Carter's defeat. After winning the election, before his inauguration, Reagan pushed hard for a resolution. Using the Algerian government as intermediaries successful negotiations were completed. On the day of President Reagan's inauguration, in exchange for the unfreezing of Iranian assets, the hostages were freed after 444 days in captivity and were flown to Wiesbaden Air Force Base in West Germany.
Persian Gulf War (1991)
codenamed Operation Desert Storm January 17 1991 – February 28 1991 was a war waged by coalition forces from 34 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.
9/11/01
The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks launched by an Islamic terrorist group upon the United States in New York City and the Washington, D.C. area on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks killed almost 3000 people and caused at least $10 billion in property and infrastructure damage.
-War in Afghanistan-
Afghanistan War, international conflict in Afghanistan beginning in 2001 that was triggered by the September 11 attacks and consisted of three phases. The first phase—toppling the Taliban (the ultraconservative political and religious faction that ruled Afghanistan and provided sanctuary for al-Qaeda, perpetrators of the September 11 attacks)—was brief, lasting just two months. The second phase, from 2002 until 2008, was marked by a U.S. strategy of defeating the Taliban militarily and rebuilding core institutions of the Afghan state. The third phase, a turn to classic counterinsurgency doctrine, began in 2008 and accelerated with U.S. Pres. Barack Obama’s 2009 decision to dramatically increase the U.S. troop presence in Afghanistan. The larger force was used to implement a strategy of protecting the population from Taliban attacks and supporting efforts to reintegrate insurgents into Afghan society. By mid-2010 the Afghanistan War rivaled the Vietnam War as the longest war fought by the United States.
-War in Iraq- We went to war because there were no weapon inspectors and we were afraid they had WMD’s. The war began because then U.S. President George W. Bush concluded that Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, was developing dangerous weapons that could be used against the U.S. and that he may have been involved in the September 11, 2001 attacks. Both conclusions proved incorrect, but the goal to remove him from power remained. Saddam Hussein was captured in 2006, he was convicted of terrible crimes against Iraqis, and was later put to death by Iraqis for his crimes. But even though he was gone from power, there was still great unrest and violence in Iraq. And meanwhile America’s involvement in Iraq remained controversial. Both President Bush and President Obama promised to end the war while trying to ensure enough stability for the Iraqi people to govern themselves.Thousands of troops have come home in recent months, with the last of the military returning by the end of December. Iraq’s elected leader, Prime Minister Nuri Al-Maliki, met with President Obama earlier in the week at the White House, to talk about the U.S.’s relationship with Iraq beyond the war. A limited number of soldiers, security forces, and other personnel are staying in Iraq in an effort to help with Iraq’s transition to democracy.
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