Cause and Effects of Great Depression
causes-stock market crash, dust bowl, overproduction of crops-too expensive for most people to buy. buying on margin was bad.. Smoot Hawley tarriff- raised tax on imported goods making it too expensive for other countries to trade with us. cycle where people aren't buying things, so businesses lay people off, so those people don't buy anything, so businesses lay more people off, they don't buy anything, and the cycle continues. president hoover didn't want the government to get too involved and was often criticized for not doing enough.
effects-people had to give up a lot of things. lots of people lost all trust in the banks and refused to use them again. some committed suicide because it seemed like there wasn't any hope
impact of great depression & new deal had on the US
new deal: alphabet soup organizations-created jobs/helped people out WPA-workers progress administration: manual labor type of jobs. social security act. AAA-paid farmers to destroy crops
great depression left America with very little hope and trust. WWII is actually what helped us to get out of the depression because then, workers were needed, people were being paid, things were being bought
causes, effects and major events of WWII
causes- treaty of versailles had made Germans very angry/embarassed, so they had no problem when hitler replaced their current government, the Weimar Republic (the ones who signed the treaties) and took over the country. Hitler then treated the Jews very poorly and tried to take lots of countries over, which wasn't really okay with the rest of us.
major events:
invasion of Poland started the war.
Operation Barbarosa which was a bad move for the Germans. this is when they invaded the Soviet Union, but they didn't anticipate all of the challenges, such as the harsh winter, so it didn't go very well.
D-DAY- allied invasion of nazi controlled france. amphibious and air attacks
Omaha Beach, Utah Beach, Cotentin Peninsula- places US attacked.
Battle of Buldge- battle that was the last stand for Germany. US was very close to taking them over, so they fought back as well as they could, but it wasn't enough.. Hitler then committed suicide
Pearl Harbor- so we declared war on Japan and Italy and Germany declared war on us..
how/why allies won WWII
US homefront--made supplies and other items for troops
Magic & Ultra- deciphered German and Japanese code
atomic bombing. hiroshima 1st, then when Japan didn't surrender, we bombed Nagasaki. then they decided they didn't want anymore of that, so they surrendered.
island hopping- taking over islands and skipping the little ones to save time and people, and they end up being cut off and have to surrender
Yalta Conference- Germany split into 4 zones
causes and effects of cold war
(biggest % of test!)
cold war-political and strategic struggle between US and USSR after WWII. communism vs. democracy
how it started-democracy and communism are so opposite and don't mesh. nuclear arms race helped spur on the cold war. stop global supremecy (USSR's goal)
major events- berlin wall, cuban missile crisis, detante, SDI, SALT I&II
how it ended- detente (easing of tensions in the 70's), Russian invasion of Afghanistan (drained economy and frustrated the people), Gorbachev coming to power, Ronald Reagan was tough on communism ENDED IN LATE 80'S EARLY 90'S
causes/effects of Korean conflict
1950-1953
after WWII, Korea was split into north and south korea
north invades south korea in spetember of 1950. UN soldiers (mostly US soldiers) push back and get up into north korea, close to the Chinese Boarder. (they thought we didn't like them because they had just become communist) so China invades North Korea and helps them out, and push us back to the half line of Korea
------ today: dmz (demilitarized zone)=zone separating N&S Korea. US has soldiers there in case N.K. decides to invade S.K. again (which they said they would do)
today, NK is struggling, SK is prospering. a few years ago, NK admitted they have nuclear weapons.
causes/effects of Vietnam conflict
1950-1975. helicopters main transportation
US goal= stop communism (policy of containment)
Ho Chi Min- N. Vietnam leader
France had control of Vietnam and France was about to loose, so US decides to step in to stop the spread of communism
escalation-getting more and more involved
US sends $ to the French, Eisenhower sends military advisors, JFK in the 60's sends more advisors and special forces, Johnson
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution- US ships were supposedly attacked by the North Vietnamese, so congress gave Johnson the power to wage war. (1964)
prior to 1968, people really were indifferent about the war. in 1968, the war became very unpopular
up until 1968, we send more combat troops every year. war is almost over, think we only need more troops to win this thing.
tet offensive vietcong (viet-communist in the south, helping communists in the north) came out of the jungle to fight us, which is what we had been waiting for. Major US victory, but people didn't like this because it meant that the war wasn't going to be over soon if Vietnam could bring that big of an attack.
My Lai Massacre US soldiers killed 504 Vietnamese citizens.. very brutal (and they raped women) this made Americans very upset
Napalm Attacks- used to try to force communists out of jungle, but it affected surrounding people in villages
about 536,000 troops were sent over in 1968.
DRAFT DODGERS- ways to get out of it:: a lot people who did not go to war fled the country, went to college, got married, medically unfit for service, join the national guard or peace corps, claimed to be homosexual, being rich
Nixon is president, promises to end war. de-escalation
Nixon gives command to start bombing Laos and Cambodia. this was to destroy the Ho Chi Minh Trail because that was how they were getting supplies
1973- US pulls out of Vietnam (peace with honor) but we promise to help South Vietnam if the north attacks. north attacks in 1974 but we don't go back.
1975- all of Vietnam becomes communist
why we went to war with Afghanistan and Iraq
we went to war with Afghanistan because of 9/11 (when al quaeda hijacked planes & suicide missions).
al quaeda was based in Afghanistan, that's where we invaded. overthrew the taliban & set up democracy
2-3 weeks ago we finally found and killed Osama bin Laden
we are hoping to pull more troops out shortly
Iraq- we went to war with Iraq in 2003 because Sadam Hussein supposedly had weapons of mass destruction. we invaded, but didn't find any WMD, so people thought Bush was lying.
currently, all troops are all pulled out of Iraq, only "military advisors" are there. they're there to train Iraqi's so terrorists don't take over. (specificaly al quaeda)
abu ghraib- US soldiers mistreating Iraqi soldiers. made war unpopular
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