This test is worth 100 points and 16% of your Semester grade.
First Semester:
1. What are the main historic events(hit five) that took place in 8th Grade US History that helped shape the United States up to 1877?(10 points)-Chapters 1-4
1. Native Americans Coming and Going- ten to 40,000 years ago. Killing them off or forcing them off would mean going. They came across on land bridge; they came for food and the people who went into Alaska are now called Eskimos.
2. Christopher Columbus' real mission was to try to find a faster way to Asia and then he discovered America. He brought back riches, like maybe gold eventually and slaves, and diseases. He set sail on August 3rd, 1492. This was VERY important to the United States because if Christopher wouldn’t have discovered us then nothing right now would be the same.
3. Jamestown and Colonization- 1607-1770 Brazil was controlled by Portugal. Spain had much of U.S. Dutch had South America. France and Canada. Know these five main England, Spain, France, Portugal, and Dutch.
4. Revolutionary War- 1775-1783 Colonists came over here and the British taxed kept taxing them and they didn't like it so they went to war and it was the Battle of Saratoga and we won and we got the French's help to beat the British. Although we lost trading with Britain. Taxes were lowed and completely gone with Britain which was great. France was broke after the war. Don't tread on me, Great Britain on the colonists.
5. Declaration of Independence- Declare from Britain for independence. When they kept saying he, he, he, he, it’s referring to King George the Third. July 4th, 1776 Document that established American colonies no longer wanted to be part of Britain. It led to the American Revolutionary War. Significance: It became its own country.
2. How did the US change during the late 1800's and early 1900's? (10 points)-Chapters 5-8
The Industrial Revolution lead to a major change in the economy during this time. New ideas and technology were being used more and more each day and were improving greatly. Some new ideas were textiles and steam powered engines. Mining became easier with the steam pump. Cotton really caused the industrial revolution to take off and like the oil boom. The transcontinental railroad let people get the land they always wanted and adventure or travel easier. This was only made possible by the hard work of immigrants. Immigrants came from all over like Europe, Russia, Cuba, etc. They came to escape famine, for religion, land shortages, the Industrial Boom, etc. Accidents and diseases killed or injured many men each year. The railroads had many advantages and disadvantages. Farmers didn't like them so the Grangers regulated the railroads by forcing to keep railroad rates down. Andrew Carnegie immigrated to the country in 1848. He worked for the railroad in PA and became private secretary of the railroad. He owned a steel company with stock money and he had more steel than Great Britain. John D. Rockefeller joined with competing companies in trust agencies. His standard oil company had different mergers. Trusts were not legal mergers. He gained total control of the oil industry. Don't buy any other stock cause they want them to fail/buy out other oil companies cause then they can set own prices. This is how businesses formed monopolies. Trust =monopolies. The Sherman Antitrust Act was passes so that there wasn't a bunch of trusts and it regulated business. Labor unions were not successful at first but later they were. After the reconstruction ended there were restrictions put on the African Americans like the poll tax, literacy test, grandfather clause, Jim Crow laws. Separated...Separate but equal was the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
3. What impact did the Progressives have on the United States? (10 points)-Ch. 9
The Temperance Movement-18th Amendment: Group of people who wanted to change things like getting alcohol banned. It was passed in 1919. Prohibition was when people were making alcohol and smuggling it across places. Female Progressives blamed domestic abuse on alcohol. Production, selling, and transportation of alcohol was made illegal but you drink and possess it in your personal home. WCTU-Women's Christian Temperance Union wanted to get rid of alcohol. The Muckrakers-Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, and Lincoln Steffens: Muckrakers were journalist who exposed issues in the hospital systems. The name comes from a nickname in a book because they were raking in the muck of society. Upton Sinclair was probably the most famous muckraker and was going to write a book on immigrants and he realized there was a bigger story when he went into a meat packaging place and he wrote about gross things that went into the meat like rats, spit, saw dust, and so on. It was called like The Jungle or something. Ida Tarbell was a woman and couldn't vote and she wrote a book on what Rockefeller did how he drove small businesses out of business and how he didn't pay his employees well and the oil company was broken up in 1911 so she did get credit for her book. Lincoln Steffens he wrote Shame of the Cities an article that was about the corruption in city government. He wanted change to come out as a result. Laws making the workplace better, safer, etc.: Sherman antitrust act stopped monopolies. 10 hour workday and they wanted women to work less because they thought they couldn't handle it. Child labor laws were helping the children because then they couldn't work. Progressives were out to help make the working life better. 17th Amendment: Direct election of U.S. Senators. It took power out of the white rich male and gave it to everybody. Women's Suffrage Movement-19th Amendment: Women got the right to vote because they didn't think it was fair that black men could vote and they couldn't and they got jobs because they fought for the harder jobs instead of getting the easier ones. They would convince one state at a time for the whole voting situation. Teddy Roosevelt grew up in rich family and had a rough background because he had asthma and bad eye sight. He was President of the U.S., Police commissioner of NY, Governor of NY and a lot of other things. He loved cowboys. Wife died in childbirth and he left son behind to be a cowboy. Teddy broke up strikes because he believed people had a right to strike and he helped factory workers out. He broke up the bad trusts, regulated railroad, the Meat Inspection Act and many other accomplishments and issues on his part. President William Howard Taft was the 27th president. He was born in Ohio and wasn't a very good leader. Congress didn't really like him because he supported Teddy. He was the Governor of Cuba and went to Yale for Law. He didn't do much. He was the only president that became Chief of justice after presidency. Some of his accomplishments are Payne-Aldrich Tariff, breaking up bad trusts as well, Income Tax-16th Amendment: The government could collect taxes from you and it was for the federal government. The more you make the more you pay in income taxes. In 1909 they wanted it to be where they didn't have to share with every state. In 1913 they signed on it, it was ratified. This is all on Taft. They have this so they can keep up with the roads and stuff like that, and others. Woodrow Wilson was born Dec. 28 1886. Thomas Wilson. Not rich. He was Scottish heritage and a religious household. He went to Princeton for a Law. He was a doctor. He published a book; he was a teacher/professor. He was President. He died of a stroke and had 3 children. Some of his accomplishments were the Clayton Anti-Trust Act, Federal Reserve Act, and Federal Trade Commission Act/Commission. In this election Wilson won because Teddy and Taft had to split the votes because they were both republicans. The Keating-Owen was the 1st child labor law bill. 2 million children were working and it banned the selling of the products made by the children so they went out of business.
4. Describe US Foreign Policy in the late 1800's and early 1900's and be able to give examples. (10 points)-Ch. 10
Imperialism-Why do countries colonize?-
1. Brings military power and prestige to your country.
2. Naval bases and refueling stations.
3. $$$-For natural resources as well as opening new markets to sell your goods (trade).
4. Belief in cultural superiority - White Man's Burden.
5. Taft something something
Imperialism is a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Generally one country controlling another country.
•Militarism- Military controls or builds up to become a strong country.
•Nationalism-To take pride in your country.
•Diplomacy-It is how we deal with other countries. Diplomacies.
•Spheres of influence-A country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.
•Protectorate-Part of a country that is controlled by a larger country.
•Arbitration-A third party that is unbiased. An independent person or body officially appointed to settle a dispute.
Alfred Mahan wrote a book on the influence of sea power upon history. Basically, saying that if you want a good country then you have to have a good Navy.
Big Stick Diplomacy--"Speak softly and carry a big stick” was a threat that you'll act on but you don't like war or attacking represents navy. Columbia helped panama and gave us the right to build the right to build the canal with us giving them Independence.
Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy was when the US pays off debts to Europeans countries to keep Europe out of the area.
Wilson's Missionary Diplomacy was very religious and he wanted to get rid of dictatorships. It influenced his foreign policy. The US would not recognize nay gov't that was oppressive, undemocratic and hostile toward the US. Latin America.
5. What impact did World War I have on the United States? (10 points)-Ch. 11
The United States felt patriotic nationalism so they liked the idea of supporting. They supported Great Britain by giving them supplies and troops but because of that The United States lost a lot of soldiers. They were over 100,000 military deaths and the US fought for over a year. The Treaty of Versailles finally brought peace to help end the war.
6. What positive and negative impact did the 1920's have on the United States? (20 points)-Ch. 12-13
The 1920’s was nicknamed The Roaring Twenties and had many positives and negative impacts on the US. Some positives were airplanes because they used them transportation and for entertainment. Amelia Earhart was the first girl to fly around the world. Automobiles grew rapidly in the 20’s. After the war prices dropped so then more people could afford them. Other Inventions like the Band-Aid, hair dryer, lie detector, q tips, telephone, traffic lights, TV and radio transmissions, invention of frozen foods, entertainment- water ski, Kool-Aid, pez candy and electricity in the homes were many positives in the 1920’s. Anti-Immigration, a positive and a negative, because of the red scare, we felt like we needed to limit immigration. Immigration was almost stopped from Europe and Asia. We didn't like immigrants because we thought they might over throw our government. Some negatives were the Red Scare which was the fear that the US was going to become communist, taking from the rich and distributing it to everybody else equally; false accusations. Gangs-Al Capone- came up a lot during prohibition. Al Capone was from Chicago, he drove around in a bulletproof limo because lots of people didn't like him. Gangs would pay off police officers and judges so that they could get away with whatever he was doing. He made almost 60 million years from drugs and alcohol. They got him for tax evasion. Every city had their own gangsters but Al Capone was the most famous. African American's in the 1920's didn't feel as bad about being black. A lot of them moved out of the South and into the bigger cities. The Great Migration is when lots of African Americans moved north for job opportunities. This was a positive. They were still treated badly. KKK was very racist to black and was mean to them and didn't believe the blacks had the right to move and take their land. Harlem Renaissances- people who played jazz music, painted art and read literature. It basically celebrated the African American culture. This time period was good for African American's because it helped them push through things. Buying on credit was a disadvantage and an advantage because people would get to pay later but then they wouldn’t pay off their debt and it lead to the Great Depression. The advantage of buying on credit was that people bought more things and businesses made more money.
Semester Test Blog-10 points
10% of your semester test grade is based on your semester test blog.
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