Semester Test Blog

Questions 1-3: One of the three-10 points

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Questions 7, 9, 10: Two of the three-20 points

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Semester Test Blog-10 points

Driving Ideas for Semester Two:

1. What were the causes of the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression?

Stock Market Crash
Over speculation in the ‘20s
• Over production of goods
• Buying on margin
• Uneven Distribution of wealth
• Too much borrowing from banks
• Stock prices were grossly inflated and didn’t have an actually monetary value. They were not backed up/ insured.
• Increased interest rates
• Lack of government regulation
Great Depression Causes
--Main Reasons:
Stock market crash
Bank failures
Reduction in purchasing across the board
American economic policy with Europe
Drought conditions
~Stock MArket crash. many people invested all their money in the stock market
lost more then 40 billion dollars all though the stock market gained back some stocks it just wasn't enough.
~Bank Failures
over 9,000 banks failed. lots of people lost their savings. Banks that survived had no idea if they were going to survive for sure now.
~Purchasing across the board
wberone stopped buying items because they feared that more economical problems would occur.
this led to a reducton in numbers of items made and reduced the workforce. K
~Economic Policy with Europe
Business began falling
Government created the smoot-hawley tariff. Smoot-hawley tariff= to protect american companies in 1930. it charged a high tax for imports

during 20s stock market was booming!
no one thought it could go down.
stock-share of ownership over a countryWhen companys start profiting so does the person who bought stock from that company
stock market is where you can buy and sell stock
Causes: Buying on credit-People would use money that they don't have, the bank has.
overvalued stocks- being sold for way moe then they were worth. if stock was going up but the profiting of the money is going down. of the company is loosing money and stock is goin up, Just doesn't make sense. (overvalued stock)
Buying on Margin-allowed ire mffke ckass oeike ti unvest large amounts of money into the stock market.taking an loan out on a car with "promised" money thats not there. when stock started goin down, say you have 900 dollars of stock. and the stock market was goin down and so everyone wanted to sell there stock and usually only used by rich people.
no government regulation- not set good enough regulations for banks. o requirement for minimum capitol to start bank had been made. no limit to how much banks could lend out had been set.
news- October 24th-29th, 24th-lost 11% 28th-additional 13% loss 29th-loss another 12%. slow path to recovery. theyre were rich guys that thought they could stop and save the stop market. charlie mitchell tried to go in and stop all the stock market crashing. but he came out with no money at all!
once everyone found out about the crash in wall street so everyone started selling everything!!
This is a tough topic. so we have to work really hard to understand.
buy low sell high on stocks. that's what its all about!

2. What impact did the stock market crash and Great Depression have on the lives of people in the United States?

Children: would write to president for help.. shoes, clothing, money

Boxcar kids- children that ran from home and lived on railroads. Child labor laws formed. Girls dressed like boys. Ran from home

women: Men and women were affected differnt. Men felt like failures. women felt as if their household jobs were enhanced. not a lot of money to live off.

Men: went around looking for jobs. lost self esteem. left their families alot and in a 1940's survey 1.5 million men left their wives.

families: Marriages were put off bc they couldnt afford and same with divorce and birth rates dropped bc not enough money and income dropped severly. some families it made them stronger and others i tore them apart.

farmers: corn prices dropped 5 to 10 percent a bushel and they were burning their corn for heat. they lived off their land and got all food from their. they did a lot of bartering to things they need. children wore flour sack clothing

wealthy people: they werent affected. 40% of the country were not affected and they would try to help out the poor. they didnt notice the suffering. some lost a lot of money. the bragged about their wealth.

Living conditions: hoovervilles- a town made from any kind of material found. Homeless were living anywhere they could in parks and under news papers.

jobs: white men mostly got the jobs. women were thought to be stealing jobs from men so women would get fired and men would get the jobs. You had to have a job to live. 25% unemployment.

3. What did the United States government do to help alleviate the problems the Great Depression brought to our country?

Hoover

Hover believed in Lazzefair and rugged individualism( which is where the government stays out of businesses and that people should take care of themselves) so he didn’t help the people as much as FDR did.
President Herbert Hoover initiated the construction of the Hoover Dam.
The Dam gave people jobs, provided electricity which we put tax on, and stopped flooding

FDR’s New Deal

A A A (Agricultural Adjustment Act)

this act protected farmers from price drops by providing crop subsidies to reduce production, educational programs to teach methods of preventing soil erosion.
payed them not to plant part of heir land and kill off excess livestock

Civil works Administration CWA

provided public works hobs at $15/week to four million workers in 1934
the jobs were merely temporary for the duration of the had winter
The CWA was a project created under the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

Social Security Act

provide aided blind, deaf, disabled, and dependent children

FERA ( Federal Emergency Relief Act)

enacted in May 1933 and headed by Harry Hopkins
Provided Work for over 20 million people
Bave grants and loans to states to operate relief programs
Helped distribute millions of dollars of direct aid to unemployed workers provided work relief projects

National Youth Administration

Focused on providing education and work for people between ages 16 and 25
In 1942, it became the War Manpower Commission after the Reorganization
Act of 1939
Youth Development
327,000 students were aided
paid $6-$40 a month for work study
$10-$25 a month for part time

REA( Rural Electrification Administration)

Enacted in 1935
Provided federal loans for the installation of electrical distribution systems to serve rural areas of the U.S
the funding was channeled through cooperative electric power companies, most still exist today

NLRB( Wagner Act)

Allowed workers to join unions and outlawed union busting tactics by management
formed on July 5, 1935
The Wagner Act of 1935 created the National Labor Relations Board, which manages union management relations
Sponsored by Senator Robert F. Wagner, a Democrat form New York, the Wagner Act established by the federal government as the regulator and ultimate arbiter of labor relations

Glass- Steagall Act

Carter Glass and Henry B, Steagall
Banking At of 1933
5 or more Federal Reserve System members banks ( capital stock $5 million
Banknotes- tells you how much money you have in your bank account

Works Progress Administration

Employed unskilled people to do public projects
3 million jobs for men and women in 1938
provided jobs for 8 years
Branch of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration

TVA) Tennessee Valley Authority

enacted in May 1933
the federal government build series of dams to prevent flooding and sell electricity
Service Areas- Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky

RRA Railroad Retirement Act

replaced the social security Act for rail industry employers and employees and provides monthly annuities for employees

Civilian Conservation Corps

Provided 250,000 men with housing, food, shelter, etc for working on gov. property and forest
African Americans were segregated
for young men
sponsored by the military
you kept some money, and sent most of it to your family

4. What long lasting impact did the Great Depression have on the US and world?

Soup kitchens- started around 1929, it helped people who could not afford food, and they were run by churches and other charities, and by 1930's the government were helping governing them, and they gave out mostly bread and soup. Every city in town had a soup kitchen. They were mainly made outside.
· Radio casts were invented, which made sports very popular. Many people followed their favorite teams.
· Started America on the Social Security System.
· Set up the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) so that investors' money was guaranteed safe in banks that were members (most of which today are).
· Also, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) which set guidelines for the stock market to prevent speculation like that that led to the Great Depression.

5. What were the causes of WWII?

Hitler came to power in Germany
· Germany Invades Poland 1939- one of the things that started the war
· The great depression
· Japan invaded Manchuria( China) for resources

6. What impact did the United States have on WWII?

We produced lots of goods in factories
War Bonds
Generals
The women took on a big role

7. What were the goals for the US during the Cold War?

Wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
Stope the spread of Communism

8. What were some of the major events that took place during the Cold War?

-Berlin Blockade/airlift,

Berlin was split into 4 zones after WW2. The Soviets controlled East Germany and the US controlled the West. Stalin blockaded the city and didn’t allow anything in or out of it. So we airlifted supplies into East Germany.

Cuban Missile Crisis,

The north invades the south. We had recently pulled out our troops of South Korea then the North invaded. The wanted to unite the country under communism. The leader of north korea was Kim il Sung. So US and the United Nations pushed them all the way back to China. China agreed to war bc Tawain was our allies and the USSR was boycotted bc they didn't like that Tawain had the seat for China. President Isenhower in his campeign said he would end the war. He got us out of the war. The war is still going today. It wasn't officially a war. It was called a Conflict.

Red Scare/McCarthyism,

From early 50's; red meaning communism
Everybody feared of becoming communists; everybody (high or low power) was being accused of communsim
People were taken to trial and either way (whether they admitted to it or denied it) people thought they were communists so it was almost better just to say you are and naming other people's name to put the spotlight on someone else.
McArthy said he had a briefcase full of peoples names that were communists so he was very well liked by the people although nobody ever saw inside the briefcase
HUAC- went after people in Hollywood that they thought would have communist influence and made them continue their career in other countries outside of the United States

Space Race,

Between US and USSR
Race to see who could achive things in space first
It all started with the USSR having the first satellite

Bay of Pigs,

April 17, 1961
Goal: Overtake Fidel Castro and the government because he made his country communist
1300 exiles (with U.S. supplies and weapons) invaded the Bahi’a de Cochinos(The Bay of Pigs)
It was evident they were going to lose to Castro’s army, but the U.S. decided not to send the Air Force to help out
90 exiles died; the rest were taken as prisoners.
Kennedy/U.S was embarrassed and blamed for not doing more to help out and for letting it happen in the first place
Private U.S. groups later ransomed for the prisoners.
This caused fear by Cuba that would try and overtake their island; distrust between countries

Before the Invasion:

Jan 1, 1959: Fidel Castro led the July Movement on July 26 forcing General Fulgencio Bastisa into exile
Richard Nixon (vice president) talked to Castro trying to push him in the right direction and tell him he had a great opportunity to be a great leader for Cuba
1960 U.S. was a little fishy about Castros

Berlin Wall,

After WW2 Germany was seperated into 4 zones and in the city of Berlin it was split into communist and democrats
This wall was built in order to keep the east(communists) out of the west (democratic) and stop them from fleeing in the west area
The soviets didn't want to build this wall because of how it would look; it would make them look like bad guys keeping their people enclosed in this wall.
100 miles long and 12 feet tall with barbed war on top

End of the Cold War

9. Why did the US go to war in Korea and Vietnam and what were outcome of those wars?

The north invades the south. We had recently pulled out our troops of South Korea then the North invaded. The wanted to unite the country under communism. The leader of north korea was Kim il Sung. So US and the United Nations pushed them all the way back to China. China agreed to war bc Tawain was our allies and the USSR was boycotted bc they didn't like that Tawain had the seat for China. President Isenhower in his campeign said he would end the war. He got us out of the war. The war is still going today. It wasn't officially a war. It was called a Conflict.

10. How did the Cold War come to an end?

Reagan called the Soviets the Evil Empire; supported any anti-communist movements worldwide
He opposed detente (worldwide peace); upset the balance of "leave-each-there-alone"
He spent tons of money on the military; he started the missle defensive set-up to protect us from nuclear bombs
He had many meetings with the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which helped bring an end to the Cold War

· Ronald Reagan was very anti- communism
· Govechoff- was willing to change, and he said he wasn’t going to interfere with Europe
· Reagan and Govechoff became kinda friends

11. Know these major major post-Cold War Events:

-JFK Assassination

November 22, 1963 In Dallas, Texas in the ELite Plaza on a campaign trip
Assinator= Lee Harvery Oswald by a rifle
Govenor of Texas and secret service man were wounded
Kennedy was pronounced dead in Parkland Hospital shortly after brought there
Later Oswald was killed people going into court by Ruby
Harvey was in the marines (sharp shooter; means he has a really good shot)
Harvery has defection to the USSR

-Watergate

It was the home to the democratic national headquarters.

This is wear they held their campaign.
They were bugging phones. They noticed one of the bugs wasn't working.
So they went back in and they caught the 5 men going back in because the way they put the tape on the door.
When two Washington Post reporters got the story so they kept investigating. Right when they are about to give up on the investigati
ng.
The FBI informant "Deep Throat" kept following the money. Nixon was using the CIA to block the FBI investigation. For a year or more Nixon downplayed it. He kept denying.
FBI eventually confirmed that Nixon was involved.
Nixon destroyed himself because of all this.

-Iran Hostage Crisis

Iran Hostage Crisis- Between the U.S. and Iran; on November 4, 1979 the Iran took 52 Americans hostage for 444 days.
Before this in 1977, there was an Iran Revolution; they over threw the pro-US government and Ayatollah Khomeini overtook as leader; this was the group that caused problems/dislikes with the United States and took the Americans hostage
We attempted to rescue them, but it failed miserably with 8 American deaths, one Iran civilian, and a couple planes.
Purpose: we had "The Shaw" (their previous pro-U.S. leader) in our country so Iran wanted him back, so they wanted a trade. They would give us the hostages if we give them their previous leader (we didn't make this trade)
We got them back when Iraq invaded Iran and they were desperate and made a trade and we got the hostages back
The Soviets Invaded Afghanistan: This war started Al QUeda and the Taliban; we were allies with them during the 80's and ultimatley strengthened them. We were just trying to help them fight communism
Energy Crisis: There wasn't enough gas and oil for everybody

-Persian Gulf War(1991)

Iraq invaded Kuwait because they felt Kuwait was stealing their oil.
We sent thousands of troops to Saudi Arabia. We wanted to prevent the invasion Iraq in Saudi Arabia.
Our objective was to free Kuwait.
1991-2003- Iraq pulled out and we never left Saudi Arabia. This all led to 911 because they felt we were invaders.
We put a no fly zone in Iraq.
We sent in weapons inspectors to Iraq because they didn't have the right to make nuclear weapons. Sudam Husaine would kick them out and let them back in. He never had weapons of mass destruction.

-9-11

There was 4 planes hijacked
Osama Bin Laden was responsible
We invade Afganistan in October 2001
Airports became much tougher through security

-War in Afghanistan

Caused by 911
The most important goal was to defeat the Taliban
We also wanted to capture Bin Laden which we did 10 years later
We want to be out by 2011

-War in Iraq

Started with the State of the Union Address
Announced the beginning of military focus in Iraq
We went to war in Iraq because they claimed they had Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
We toppled Saddam Hussein very fast
The new Iraq government put him on trial
The people of Iraq hung him
Ended in 2011
Since we have left there has been a 50% increase in terrorist attacks

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