1. Students will understand the impact the Industrial Revolution had on the United States.(Ch. 6)
-Late 1800's
-The Industrial Revolution happened for many reasons:
- new resources being discovered: gold, coal, lumber, steel, etc.
- the growing population in the US
- markets for the new products being produced with the new found resources
-RAILROADS were a huge part of the industrial revolution.
they were big consumers of the steel for their tracks and stuff.
- railroads got people to and from their destinations quicker
- new cities were able to be developed
- trading among cities was easier and people could ship things is mass quantities; you could trade among the whole country!
- helped industries like coal and steel industries because of materials needed for tracks and stuff
- farmers shipped their goods; prices weren't fair at first
- the rich got to pay lower prices to ship things on railroads and poor people got the short end of the stick
- farmers wanted a set price to ship goods
- farmers set up the grange movement which put a set price on railroad shipping
SOCIAL DARWINISM was where weak businesses die out and strong businesses survive
the big companies buy out the small business and they say it was just natural
(ex: standard oil company; john d. Rockefeller)
MONOPOLIES:
monopolies= trusts
one business who tries to control the whole thing
sherman antitrust act was made to break up monopolies
horizontal integration- oil company A trying to buy out oil company B trying to buy out oil company C
where an oil company tries to buy out other oil companies
trying to buy competition out of business
vertical integration- buy out your suppliers and transportation systems
ex: buy your own railroad company
you control everything; where you get it and where you ship it
must be a powerful company
LABOR UNIONS:
what it is: people who work together to get better wages and conditions
brought us child labor laws, minimum wage, overtime, injury protection, workmens compensation insurance
industrial unions- allow anyone who works in the same company to be in
craft unions- everyone has their own union
at first they were not successful, but later they got what they wanted
-NEW TECHNOLOGY:
- crude oil (used for medicines and in lamps)
- steel
- improvement of the electric lightbulb
- commercial power station
- electric phonograph
- typewriter
- bigger, taller buildings
- many more!
inventors: Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, Christopher Sholes
These inventions changed the world forever!
we use lights and telephones everyday now
sailing became safer
2. Students will understand the impact immigration and urbanization had on the United States.(Ch. 7)
- Immigrants came over to the US to:
escape religious problems
not enough farmland where they came from
independence
criminals were sent over as their punishment
OPPORTUNITIES (better jobs)
the gold rush
escape poverty
escape the potato famine
- first people were called free thinkers
pull factors- things in another country that are pulling you over to that country
push factors- bad things in your country that are pushing you out of it
immigrants were put through hardships on their way over to the US:
tightly packed on boats
disease was spread quickly
unsanitary
were treated unfairly
- some people considered America as a melting pot:
- mixture of different races and cultures who've melted together
people who were born in the US felt that immigrants were not good
urbanization happened because of the Americanization movement- wanted to help immigrants assimilate into our country
made immigrants become more americanized
all of the new technology called for less farmers= less jobs
impact:
growing population made it harder for people to migrate
sanitation became bad with all of the people
fires
immigrants took many jobs
the political machine was an organized group that help control activities of a political party in a city
- the machines helped immigrants get full citizenship
3. Students will understand the impact of the Progressive Era on the United States.(Ch. 9)
conservation-
president roosevelt wanted to set aside land so that we could keep some natural resources and for centuries to come to see land
national parks were set up
Education was becoming a big thing!
reform- women essentially lead the reform- dangerous working condition, low wages, and long hours led women to press reform
women were able to hold a job
passed amendments:
18th: prohibition- no alcohol
19th: womens' right to vote!
aid organizations-
helped the poor
hull houses
regulating foods:
pure food and drug act
monopolies:
hurt the common people
trusts= monopolies
sherman anti-trust act was set up to break up monopolies
clayton anti-trust act was set up to make the sherman anti-trust act stronger
segregation was also becoming a big thing during the progressive era. The 15th amendment was passed which gave blacks the right to vote
BUT they had to take literacy tests and other things so that they could
entertainment was big!
lots of new technology: skyscrapers
assembly lines were set up in factories to be more efficient
4. Students will understand the impact imperialism had on the United States and world.(Ch. 10)
Imperialism is when big countries take over smaller countries. This is one of the causes of WW1 (M-I-N-E-S).
the US took over hawaii, peurto rico, and cuba through imperialism.
lead to militarism (building up a country's army) so that that country could not be taken over
5. Students will understand the political, social and economic changes that occurred in the 1920’s in the United States.(Ch. 12-13)
-Roaring 20's-entertainment:
The economy during the 1920's was booming! Many new things were happening in the US. New technology:
radios, cars, sewing machines, etc.
In order for people to become aware of the new products coming out on the market, people had to use technology to advertise:
radios
Sports were becoming very popular!
Cities were getting electricity!!
-Red Scare-
what is it: (1919-1920) in response to russia becoming communist; we feared we might become communist; organizations from other countries trained people to go into countries and try and get them to become communist (cold war starts here)
what did US do in response: immigration laws are passed- restrict immigrants in fear of them being communist; sacco venzetti case; kkk; palmer raids
- Sacco and Vanzetti- immigrants and Italians, Catholics, and anarchists; shot and killed their job payer, no evidence except a gun that belonged to Vanzetti
- ku klux klan- hate group; killing radicals; not government controlled
- the Palmer raids: general and hoover went after people who they thought were communist, socialists, or radicals and they would deport them; thought they had to get communists and get them out of our country
-Republican Domination:
President Warren G. Harding, Coolidge, Hoover= republican presidents; republican beliefs:
laissez fairre- to let alone, gov't stays out of business
do nothing- let the country run itself
trickle down theory- by helping the rich it will trickle down and help the other classes of people
Republican beliefs were that the country would kind of run itself
-War Prevention:
people took measures to make sure that there would never be another war like WW1.
- the league of nations
- the washington naval conference:
- - 4 Power Treaty
US, GB, France, Japan
each country would respect each others possessions in the Pacific
tried to promote world peace
- - 5 Power Treaty
Same 4 plus Italy
Froze navies in 1921 level
- -9 Power Treaty
above plus netherlands, Portugal, Belgium, and China
keep "open door" in China
Promised Chinese Independence
- Kellogg- Braind Pact
- 60 some countries; outlawed war; unrealistic
-brought on a false sense of security
-Japan broke it 3 years later
- people thought that we would never have to worry about war again
-Automobiles/Airplanes
Route 66- "the mother road"- first transcontinental road
many tourist attractions came about because of it
Henry Ford- brought about cheap automobiles
he was very efficient
allowed to buy on credit
famous for his Model T car
everything around you revolves around your car
Charles Lindbergh- "lucky lindy"- first person to fly across the atlantic
became a huge celebrity because of it
Amelia Earhart- first girl to try to fly around the world
where she is remains a mystery
airplanes were used to:
transport mail
-Prohibition:
what was it: movement made by progressive women to push for change
in 1920 they pushed the 18th ammendment- illegal to transport and make alcohol
why did it fail: brought about massive organized crime
every city eventually had a gang
bootlegging- process of making illegal alcohol
prostitution
made the common law abiding citizen a law breaker
people became law breakers because they thought that people were being ridiculous taking away alcohol
alcohol could be used for:
-medicine
-religious purposes
no enought people to enforce the law
prohibition bureau:
to enforce the law
3 reasons:
crime
innocent become law breakers
not enough people supporting the law
speakeasies- name for bars that were illegal that kept popping up in cities
-Science vs Religion:
people were very science based, not so religous based
religion still dominated in the country side
51.2% of people lived in the cities
cities were loose with their morals compared to countryside
religion was still in control for the most part
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