- causes-stock market crash, dust bowl, overproduction of crops---buying on margin(credit) was bad.. Smoot Hawley tarriff- raised tax on imported goods making it too expensive for other countries to tradewith us.VICIOUS cycle where people aren't buying things, so businesseslay people off, so those people don't buy anything, so businesses laymore people off, they don't buy anything, and the cycle continues.
- effects-people had to give up a lot of things. lots of people lost all trust in the banks and refused to use them again. some committed suicide because it seemed like there wasn't any hope
Impact of Great depression & New Deal
- new deal: alphabet soup organizations-created jobs/helped people out WPA-workers progress administration: manual labor type of jobs. social security act. AAA-paid farmers to destroy crops(overproduction =low prices)
- Great depression left America with very little hope and trust in the government.
causes, effects and major events of WWII
- causes- treaty of versailles= Angry Germans. embarassed. So they were cool when hitler replaced their former government, the Weimar Republic (the ones who signed the treaties) andtook over the country.
major events:
invasion of Poland started the war.
- Operation Barbarosa Restricted major russian cities, resulted in cannibalism, death and desperation, but eventually the harsh winters and a counter attack tookgermans DOWN.
- D-DAY- allied invasion of nazi controlled france. amphibious and air attacks
Omaha Beach, Utah Beach, Cotentin Peninsula- places US attacked.
- Battle of Buldge- battle that was the last stand for Germany. Belgium border. US was very close to taking them over, so they fought back as well as theycould, but it wasn't enough.
- Pearl Harbor- so we got bombed, and we declared war on Japan and Italy and Germany declared war on us..yup.
how/why allies won WWII
US homefront--made supplies and other items for troops
Magic & Ultra- deciphered German and Japanese code
atomic bombing. hiroshima 1st, then when Japan didn't surrender, we bombed Nagasaki. then they decided they didn't want anymore of that, so they surrendered.
island hopping- taking over islands and skipping the little ones to save time and people, and they end up being cut off and have to surrender
Yalta Conference- Germany split into 4 zones
causes and effects of cold war
cold war-political and strategic struggle between US and USSR after WWII. communism vs. democracy
how it started-democracy and communism are so opposite and don't mesh. nuclear arms race helped spur on the cold war. stop global supremecy (USSR's goal)
major events- berlin wall, cuban missile crisis, detante, SDI, SALT I&II
how it ended- detente (easing of tensions in the 70's), Russian invasion of Afghanistan (drained economy and frustrated the people), Gorbachev coming to power, Ronald Reagan was tough on communism ENDED INLATE 80'S EARLY 90'S
causes/effects of Korean conflict
1950-1953
after WWII, Korea was split into north and south korea
north invades south korea in spetember of 1950. UN soldiers (mostly US soldiers) push back and get up into north korea, close to the Chinese Boarder. (they thought we didn't like them because they had justbecome communist) so China invades North Korea and helps them out, andpush us back to the half line of Korea
------ today: dmz (demilitarized zone)=zone separating N&S Korea. US has soldiers there in case N.K. decides to invade S.K. again (which they said they would do)
today, NK is struggling, SK is prospering. a few years ago, NK admitted they have nuclear weapons.
causes/effects of Vietnam conflict
1950-1975. helicopters main transportation
US goal= stop communism (policy of containment)
Ho Chi Min- N. Vietnam leader
France had control of Vietnam and France was about to loose, so US decides to step in to stop the spread of communism
escalation-getting more and more involved
US sends $ to the French, Eisenhower sends military advisors, JFK in the 60's sends more advisors and special forces, Johnson
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution- US ships were supposedly attacked by the North Vietnamese, so congress gave Johnson the power to wage war. (1964)
prior to 1968, people really were indifferent about the war. in 1968, the war became very unpopular
up until 1968, we send more combat troops every year. war is almost over, think we only need more troops to win this thing.
tet offensive vietcong (viet-communist in the south, helping communists in the north) came out of the jungle to fight us, which is what we had been waitingfor. Major US victory, but people didn't like this because it meantthat the war wasn't going to be over soon if Vietnam could bring thatbig of an attack.
My Lai Massacre US soldiers killed 504 Vietnamese citizens.. very brutal (and they raped women) this made Americans very upset
Napalm Attacks- used to try to force communists out of jungle, but it affected surrounding people in villages
about 536,000 troops were sent over in 1968.
DRAFT DODGERS- ways to get out of it:: a lot people who did not go to war fled the country, went to college, got married, medically unfit for service, join the national guard or peace corps, claimed to behomosexual, being rich
Nixon is president, promises to end war. de-escalation
Nixon gives command to start bombing Laos and Cambodia. this was to destroy the Ho Chi Minh Trail because that was how they were getting supplies
1973- US pulls out of Vietnam (peace with honor) but we promise to help South Vietnam if the north attacks. north attacks in 1974 but we don't go back.
1975- all of Vietnam becomes communist
why we went to war with Afghanistan and Iraq
we went to war with Afghanistan because of 9/11 (when al quaeda hijacked planes & suicide missions).
al quaeda was based in Afghanistan, that's where we invaded. overthrew the taliban & set up democracy
2-3 weeks ago we finally found and killed Osama bin Laden
we are hoping to pull more troops out shortly
Iraq- we went to war with Iraq in 2003 because Sadam Hussein supposedly had weapons of mass destruction. we invaded, but didn't find any WMD, so people thought Bush was lying.
currently, all troops are all pulled out of Iraq, only "military advisors" are there. they're there to train Iraqi's so terrorists don't take over. (specificaly al quaeda)
abu ghraib- US soldiers mistreating Iraqi soldiers. made war unpopular
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