1. Students will understand the impact the Industrial Revolution had on the United States.
In the late 1800's, Industrial Revolution took off because new companies and businesses in the U.S. were made, as well as factories built. The U.S. went from at home production to facotry made products. Textile industries were introduced and people moved to cities and wanted jobs at factories, mills, and railroads. Also, railroads were made, which transported goods and more cities developed from that. George M. Pullman founded the railcars which moved people. Grangers were affected by the railroads. At first, they wanted open range, but railroads were made and that stopped. Railroads set up the time zones around the world.Paying to move goods costed too much. In Munn. vs. Illinois, Maximum railroad rates were set. In the Interstate Commerce Act, this made sure railroads were being fair. (The Commission.) We had a wealth of natural resources such as oil, steel, and wood. John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company. Oil was huge business in the 1800's and Rockefeller would undersell and noone could compete with his prices. With this, Social Darwinism came about. This was a mjor impact on the U.S. because big businesses are strong and survive, driving companies out of business. After the small companies went out of business, the strong ones jacked up their prices again. Monopolies were formed by vertical and horizontal integration. Horizontal integration, for example, is when Oil Company A trys to buy out Oil Company B. Vertical integration is when a huge business buys out a railroad, so that they would not deal with other businesses. The Sherman Anti-trust act tried to break up monopolies. (Made it illegal to form monopolies with other states.) Labor Unions formed when people wanted better wages and labor conditions. (Minimum wage, overtime, child labor laws, Insurance, and weekends off are examples.) The North was different than the south. The North gave acres to people, while the south was about slavery. The Homestead Act gave settlers land. With more inventions came more factories. Thomas Edison and other inventors made electricity. This made it possible for machines in factories to work. Chistopher holes invented the type writer so women could do office work. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone for communications.
2. Students will understand the impact immigration and urbanization had on the United States.(Ch. 7)
Immigrants came to the U.S. for farming, cattle ranching, going west for gold, education, adventure, family, or some push factors. (Flooding, potato famine, Depression.) Immigrants came from Northwestern Europe(Old Immigrants) and Germany, Ireland, Italy,and other countries. (New Immigrants.) Squished when migrating, there was diseases. More people came to the U.S. because of the transition from Sailing to Steam Ships. Steam ships only took weeks rather than sailing which took months. Then. at Ellis Island, each immigrant had to be tested for diseases, or would be sent back. After they got out, they searched for jobs. Along with immigrants coming to the U.S., racism became huge. Immigrants hurt labor unions that were made. Factory workers could fire workers and simply hire immigrants. Racism was a problem. Americans did not want black people to come over. The Chinese Exclusion Act made it so no Chinese immingrants could come to America. The Gentleman's Agreement was also made. This was between us and Japan to limit immigration of unskilled workers. Also, th eKu Klux Klan went after immigrants. (Anglos, Saxons, protestants.)
Immigrants realized that cities were hiring unskilled workers, so they came to make money. Also, farmers had farming equipment made, so less people were needed to work in the fields, so they too moved to cities.The problems with this was housing was overcrowded, garbage was thrown out windows, then pigs would eat it up. Horses were the main transportation until cars came about in the 1920's. Poop from the horses were all over. Water supply was not safe. Diseases, such as cholera and typhoid fever spread. Also, fires were known to happen more since there was no water supply and cities were made of wooden buildings. Crime increases since there was no organized police. Contractors would be hired to clean the cities, but would not do their jobs properly.
To help the bad situations in cities, organized police groups and safer drinking water was made. (Chlorination in water.) Garbage collection started in cities, Transit Systems started, which got rid of horses. (feces in particular.) The Settlement House movement helped the poor people so they would have more say, also. Jane Adams started the Hull House and the Social Gospel Movement. This said that God wants us to help the poor.
The Political Bosses controlled the urban problems.The Political Machine helped immigrants to get full citizenship, housing, and jobs. Boss Tweed was the leader and the Tweed Ring came along with this.The immigrants would give them their vote, then the person running for office would help them out. The Pendleton Civil Service Act came about and made it illegal to fire employees for political reasons. (Merit Based System.) Also, people had to take tests to show they are worth the job. People couldnt just get any good job now. The Americanization Movement was made so that immigrants would be "Americanized."
3. Students will understand the impact of the Progressive Era on the United States.(Ch. 9)
Reformers wanted to turn the governemt onto the people in the country and to make life better for Americans. Initiative, Referendum, and Recall were brought about. Also, the 17th Amendment was made, which was direct election of Senators.Acts such as the Illinois Factory Act made working hours for women and children better. The National Child Labor Committee sent investigators to factories to see how bad it was. It was bad, so the Keating-Owen Act was passed to stop transportation of goods across states made by children. Thus, this stopped a lot of child labor.Along with this, the Compensation Act was made. This was so that if people get hurt on the job, that people would still get paid when they are at home. This made it so businesses would not work people as hard. Along with factories, the Meat Inspection Act was passed and the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed. Efficiency in the workplace was not good. The Assembly line was made which people had smaller tasks to handle but had to work fast. This caused people to get injuries.Morally, lives were improved by Prohibition. This was the 18th Amendment.Rooselvelt wanted everyone equal and to not have big businesses and small ones. Roosevelt and the "Square Deal." By having a square deal, he passed the Elkins Act which made Railroad Rates go up. Also, Roosevelt was a trustbuster president. (Broke up trusts.) The Clayton-Antitrust Act was set up to break up trusts.
To help land, he conserved forests. Acres and Acres of land for forests. Taft was also a trust buster president. Not many people liked him though. When Wilson was president, he set up the federal trade commission and that stopped unfair practices of businesses. Also, tariffs were lowered with the Underwood Act. To make up for this loss of money, Graduated Income Tax was started and that was the governments main income of money. The country was split up into 12 regions and each region had a Central Reserve Bank. Money could be made for emergencies from these banks.The 19th Amendment was passed for women's voting rights.He did not help the blacks out much because then people would not vote for him.
4. Students will understand the impact imperialism had on the United States and world.(Ch. 10)
Imperialism is when a stronger country takes over weak ones for more economic, political, and military powers. For military strength, Mahan, the U.S. navy leader had the Maine and Oregon ships built. Economic problems with Europe started. The Monroe Doctrine said that Europe should stay out of affairs with Latin America. Also, Roosevelt had the Roosevelt Corollary which said we will use our powers if we have to. Taft gauranteed loans to foreign countries with the dollar diplomacy. Wilson's Missionary Diplomacy, he stated that we would not accept any hostile government to the U.S.'s interests. Wilson did not recognize Mexico's government and was close to war.
Britain-We wanted to colonize because of the resources (Iron, gold, and farmland) they had. Also for refueling stations. Also, Britain gaves rights to the U.S. to build the Panama Canal in Central America. (This was when Roosevelt was president.) Columbia controlled Panama at the time and so we had to get permission from them. The Lock System was used to make this.
Alaska-was controlled by Russia. We offered to buy Alaska in 1867 for 7.2 million dollars. People thought this was dumb to buy Alaska because they didn't see any point in buying a huge chunk of ice. But later on, the people realized how wrong they were. Alaska became a state in 1959 and was rich in timber, oil, and minerals.
Hawaii- Hawaii was economically important to America. Americans would stop at Hawii on their way to China. Also, Hawaii had sugar plantations that America wanted. Americans owned three-fourths of the sugar plantations in Hawaii and imported foreigners from other countries to work. These immigrants to the Hawaiins that lived in Hawaii were a ratio of 3 to 1. We agreed with Hawaii to import sugar duty-free. Since the production of sugar increases a lot, the McKinley Tariff eliminated the duty-free sugar. Since america did not want to pay to import sugar from Hawaii, we annexed(took) those islands. Also, a naval base was built there at Pearl Harbor. This then became a refueling station for American ships.
Cuba-We wanted to buy Cuba from Spain. Spain responded badly by saying they would rather have Cuba sunk into the ocean than us buying Cuba. We continued to fight for Cuba. Cubans tried to rebel against Spain, but this did not work out. There was sugar cane plantations on Cuba and the U.S. invested money on those. However, Jose Marti wanted Cuba to be independent, so he destroyed sugar cane plantations. This started the second war for independence. Weyler was sent to Cuba to settle this dispute. Concentration camps were set up in Cuba because of him. Yellow Journalism came along with this and exaggerated the truth by a lot inHearst's New York Journal and Pulitzer's New York World. The De Lome Letter was put out in the newspapers and this upset President McKinley. President sent the U.S.S. Maine to Cuba to bring home Americans, but the ship was sunk! The blame was all put on Spain for this. The Spanish American War was then brought up. Rebels of Spain, like Cubans and the Filipinos joined with the U.S., so Spain surrendered.
War in the Caribbean came about too and took place by the African Americans and the Rough Riders. Theodore Roosevelt lead this group. These groups attacked on San Juan Hill and they got victory. An armistice was signed in Paris. (The treaty of Paris.) Spain freed Cuba and also gave Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Phillipeans to the U.S. People were against this and believed problems at home should be settled before taking on other countries. This was the Spanish-American War. As Hale would say, "A splendid little war."
Even though Cuba was officially independent, our troops helped them. We provided food and clothes for millions of families, helped with school, and farmers. Also, yellow fever was almost eliminated. (Disease by mosquitos.)
The Platt Amendment was to be added to Cuba's constitution to state the relationship between Cuba and the U.S. 1.)We could buy or lease land. 2.)Cuba could not go into debt. 3.) We could intervene. 4.) Cuba could not make treaties. We stayed involved with Cuba because we have businesses in Cuba such as railroads, tobacco, and mining industries.
-Puerto Rico. After the Spanish-American War, no promises were made to give Puerto Rico independence. The U.S. had different plans for Puerto Rico. They used Puerto Rico so that they had ties to the Caribbean and to be able to build a canal across Panama. The Foreker Act came about, which stated that the U.S.'s president could pick the upper house members and Puerto Rico could choose the lower house members. Later, Puerto Ricans could vote for both house members and did not have to be U.S. citizens.
Phillipeans-Phillipeans were taken control of by the U.S. after the Spanish-American War. the Phillipeans were not happy with the Treaty of Paris, so they rebelled. The leader was Aguinaldo. With this rebellion, like what Cuba did to Spain, The U.S. put the filipinos in bad areas where people died. It took 3 years to stop this rebellion and costed 20 times as much to stop this rebellion than to pay for this land. Like Puerto Rico, the U.S. chose upper house and the filipinos chose lower house. Later, they became independent.
-China.China was known to the U.S. for its market of American products. So, Open Door Notes were sent to leaders of imperialist nations by John Haye asking to share trading rights with the U.S. Those leaders accepted to share China. Chinese people wanted to rid the country of "Foreign Devels," so along with this there were people called boxers. U.S. troops gathered supporters and killed chinese people and stopped the Boxer Rebellion. After this, a second set of Open Door Notes were sent saying that the U.S. needs China for survival. In Later years, Roosevelt and Wilson continued this power of McKinley's.
Students will understand the political, social and economic changes that occurred in the 1920’s in the United States.
-Roaring 20's-entertainment
Sports, cars, games such as Mahjonng. This is game about matching chinese symbols. Sports were huge such as Baseball, Football, Olympics, and Tennis. Babe Ruth was a great baseball player at the time, also.
-Red Scare. What is it and what did the u.s. do in response to it?
We had a fear that we were becoming communists. Immigration laws were passed because we didnt want immigrants in the U.S. because they might be communists and they might take over our government. Latin America people got to come to U.S. though. Engles and Marks are from Germany and said it was unjust (unfair). People are poor and they should rise up and everyone should be equal.(The theory.) The Soviet Union is first communist country of the world.-Stopping the Vanzetti Case. Sacco and Vanzetti were executed in 1927 for robbing and killing their paymaster.-Ku Klux Klan liked white non protestant people. (hated catholics.)
-Republican Domination
Harding, Coolidge and Hoover were the presidents in this time period. Laissez fairre means to let people alone. Coolidge is all about business. He also said that if everyone did the "Do nothing" philosophy, then our country would be better. These presidents believed in the "Do Nothing" philosophy..or do little. The more people do, the more we will mess things up. Do as little as possible and the country will be happy.
-War Prevention
The Kellogg-Briand Pact was to prevent war, or to outlaw it. People thought there would for surely be no more war and that World War I was the war to end all wars. The Washington Naval Conference had the 4 Power Treaty which was US, GB, France, and Japan. Each country would respect each other's possessions in the Pacific Ocean. Each one of these countries had an island in the Pacific Ocean. The 5 Power Treaty was the same except Italy was added. They froze navies. The 9 Power Treaty added Netherlands, Portugal, Belgium, and China. This kept the open door policy in China to keep independence.
-Automobile/Airplane
Route 66 was known as the "Mother Road." This road was an important road at that time. To go along with the road, cars were invented. Henry Ford did not invent the cars though. People could buy things on credit and did. Also, they took it too far with going in debt. The Model T Ford was a famous car at this time. The cars had an impact on people by allowing people to drive to the city, to go on vacations, to be able to live far away from work, and to go to sports and movies.
Charles Lindbergh was famous because he was the first male to fly around the Atlantic Ocean. Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly around the Atlantic Ocean. She disappeared when attempting to fly around the world and was never found.
-Prohibition
Prohibition came about with the 18th Amendment in 1920. Husbands were beating their wives and leaving them. Women thought their morals were not straight and that there needed to be something done about this. This amendment failed because the government did not have enough money to make this happen. Also, people did not like this law. Alcohol was important to everyone. While people couldn't sell or have alcohol, people who really wanted it would sneak into "Speakeasies." (Underground bars.) Also, alcohol was in prescriptions, so people started buying more medicine so they could have alcohol. The Volstead Act created the Prohibiton Bureau to enforce the law.
-Science vs Religion
As more and more people moved to cities, (51.2%) religious values went down hill with all of the confusion of more people in cities. Revolutionists believed that you should believe anything from the bible and that science classes were teaching wrong about evolution in class.
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