Driving Ideas for Semester Two:
1. What were the causes of the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression?
Buying on margin when investors would buy a small percentage of the stock as a down payment and the borrow the rest with easy money available to investors the unrestrained buying and selling fueled the markets upward spiral rising prices did no reflect companies worth when the value of stocks declined people who bought on margin had now way to pay off the loans. Using credit. A lot of people bought stocks using credit when prices of stocks began falling the investor would pullout but not be able to pay off the debt they owe buying on margin is an example of buying on credit.
Speculation buying stocks on the chance of a quick profit while ignoring the risks involved many people lost a lot of money
stock market crashed, crisis in farming people using credit unequal distribution of income war debt tariffs. Production of crops raised income declined. (overproduction) Difficult to pay off loans bought fewer goods and services Distribution of income was unequal most Americans could not afford economic advances Rich were richer poor were poorer.
2. What impact did the stock market crash and Great Depression have on the lives of people in the United States?
most people didn't have money to buy coal 17 thousand families were put on the street a month some took work for pennies men started hunting to provide food. Hoovervilles shanty houses Close to soup kitchens shanty house- shack. women worked long hard hours many people thought that they were taking jobs from men they depended on other women to help take care of their children. Their roles changed in this time and it helped advance their equality in society.
3. What did the United States government do to help alleviate the problems the Great Depression brought to our country?
Hervert Hoover believed in Trickle Down theory Laissez Faire and rugged individualism Government needed to stay out of things Economy has ups and downs. The economy'll fix itself. Public Works program people were hired to build highways schools dams and other things Prediction of better times to boost morale He wanted businesses to help each other out he created the RFC Reconstruction finance corporation.would supply money to places like banks insurance companies and railroads keep people in the jobs they still had not enough of an effort too late in the game. New Deal-a series of economic policies introduced by FDR to provide relief first new deal to help bigger pictures second new deal to help people. Banks were involved with the new deal. Alphabet Soup-all the organizations he created the unemployed helped-Agriculture adjustment act Social Security act Emergency Banking Relief act Glass-Steal gall Banking Reform act For the unemployed the CCC was a program to bring relief to young men who didn't have jobs 30$ per month 2 million men took part. Women provided with jobs and educations Farming and General People-the agricultural adjustment act. SSA provide federal cash assistance for widows orphans children without fathers in the home started minimum wage
4. What long lasting impact did the Great Depression have on the US and world?
5. What were the causes of WWII?
The Treaty of Versailles. stripped Germany of nearly everything it had, more money than they could pay off during terrible economic times, and their military was also reduced down to nearly nothing. They couldn't have tanks, submarines, or an air force. Much of their land was also taken, or split up. Hitler came to power in the early 30's, and took all of this back. He ignored the orders to have a small military, and he took back all the land he had lost. Eventually after several German invasions of surrounding countries the League of Nations gave Hitler an ultimatum, which he, of course, ignored by invading Poland, causing the War in Europe to begin.
Pearl Harbor-December 7th 1941
6. What impact did the United States have on WWII?
-US in Africa-took place in North Africa. Allied powers and France. Great Britain, U.S. There were a lot of resources that Italy had control of. started in 1940 lasted until 1943 operation Torch. Morocco. Tunisia continuation of Operation Torch. Operation torch=amphibious landing in Morocco, invasion in Africa. Erwin Rommel-the Desert Fox. Bernard Montgomery. George Patton.
-US in Italy-first moved into Sicily. really bloody fighting. mainly German forces. Italy became free 1945. Apennines mountains.
-D-Day-june 6 largest operation. invasion of France. Atlantic Wall. we sent false information. invasion lasted about a month. 54000 vehicles landed very successful 3000 casualties. Omar Bradley-General
-US bombing of Germany
-VE Day and the story of Germany surrendering-we could turn our attention to the pacific theatre
-Battle of Coral Sea-Island hopping,it was a draw, but really more of a U.S. victory because we broke our losing streak.
-Battle of Midway-most famous battle in the pacific theatre. Chester Nimitz. month after coral sea. Because of Magic we knew the attack was coming. Resounding victory. turning point.
-Battle of Iwo Jima-6821 U.S deaths famous flag raising picture
-Battle of the Philippines-we had control of it. Baton death march. MacArthur's return
-Battle of Okinawa
-Manhattan Project- development of the A-bomb. Oppenheimer and Groves. Los Alamos found by Oppenheimer. there was a soviet spy. the Bomb was called the gadget. Alamogordo New Mexico detonation of the first bomb. was explained to the press as the explosion of an ammunition dump. code name for the test bomb was trinity. Unlike Hiroshima and Nagasaki where they were dropped by airplanes, the test bombs were dropped from a tower. after the trinity test our attention turned to Japan.
-Hiroshima bombing-B-29 super fortress was designed for the Atomic Bombs. Pilot Paul Tibbits. Plane Enola Gay. Little Boy was the name of the bomb dropped. Most of the city was impacted by fires. the blast killed a lot of people but fires did a lot of the damage further out. set to explode before it hit the ground. Photograph plane was lost. Atomic shadow because of the extreme heat shadows of objects and people were left. Radiation sickness 80000 died instantaneously.
-Nagasaki bombing-Fat man was a plutonium bomb. Almost ran out of gasoline. went into a mountainous area. almost crash landed. did the job of ending the war.
7. What were the goals for the US during the Cold War?
Stop the spread of communism, contain communism. Policy of containment. Mutual Deterence. Dominoe theory.
8. What were some of the major events that took place during the Cold War?
-Berlin Blockade/airlift, Cuban Missile Crisis, Red Scare/McCarthyism, Space Race, Bay of Pigs, Berlin Wall, End of the Cold War
Berlin Blockade-Berlin was split into four zones, we gave supplies to West Berlin. Soviets put up a blockade but we just airlifted the supplies to them. They took the blockade down to avoid a war.
Cuban Missile Crisis-The Soviets put nuclear missiles in cuba. this gave them first strike capabilities. they were spotted by a U2 spy plane. lasted 13 days. closest we came to nuclear war. They removed missiles in return for our missiles out of Turkey and never invading Cuba.
Red Scare/McCarthyism-The red scare was the fear of communism during the cold war. McCarthy accused people of being communist and they would be blacklisted.
Space Race-Race to be the one to control space between the Soviets and America. Started with the Soviet satellite Sputnik. Ended when we put a man on the moon in 1969.
Bay of Pigs-We helped train Cuban rebels to overthrow Fidel Castro. We said we would back them up but we didn't. seen as a failure.
Berlin Wall-wall that seperated East Berlin and West Berlin. 100 miles long 12 feet tall.
9. Why did the US go to war in Korea and Vietnam and what were outcome of those wars?
We went to stop the spread of communism and promote democracy.Communist North v. more free South Stalemate in Korea. Vietnamization we withdrew and the North took over the South. Tet Offensive attacked all the major cities made the war more unpopular.
10. How did the Cold War come to an end?
We had close ties with our Allies and the USSR didn't China started siding with us after 1972. The Soviet economy was in shambles whereas the US's was flourishing. Huge deficit High inflation Corruption Social problems Shortage of basic needs. The Strong Anti communist presidency of Reagan. Gorbachevs willingness for change and reform. 1.glasnost and perestroika admitted Soviet mistakes took blame for the cold war communist system had failed allowed eastern Europe to do what they wanted.
11. Know these major major post-Cold War Events:
-JFK Assassination-Harvard Lee Oswald killed him while riding in a car on the way to a political party; he was shot twice and conspiracies say that there was more than one person who did it. Later Oswald was shot and killed
-Watergate-5 people were arrested for breaking into the watergate hotel to try to get dirt on the democrat party members. Nixon denied it and tried to cover it up.
-Iran Hostage Crisis-Iran took 52 Americans hostage for 444 days. We had their Shaw. We didn't give him up and they gave us the hostages back after Iraq invaded
-Persian Gulf War(1991)-Began when Iraq invaded Kuwait. They wanted oil. UN ordered Iraq to leave but they refused. Operation Desert Storm. We sent 1000 troops. Won within in a month. never pulled out of the middle east.
-9-11
4 airplanes were hijacked by Al quaeda Osama bin Laden. crashed two planes into the World Trade Center and one into the pentagon fourth plane the passengers took control of the plane and crashed it caused Bush to declare war on Afghanistan.
-War in Afghanistan
We invaded because of 9-11. The Taliban Government let Al quaeda train in Afghanistan. part of the War on Terror. We hope to be out by 2014.
-War in Iraq
CIA was getting information the Saddam was getting weapons of mass destruction. WMD were never found. We invaded and turned it into a democracy. Saddam was hung by Iraq's judgement. The war ended in 2011.
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