1. Great Depression and New Deal had on the US.
Great depression--
1.Uneven distribution of wealth
2. Debt because of buying on margin
3. Overproduction of goods
4. Old and decaying industrial base makes us less
competitive
5. Unsuccessful economic policies (high tariffs)
6. Stock market crash
were little jobs and the highest unemployment
rate in history. banks failed ,people lost trust in them. Money was scarce and families were hungry. Farmers produced too much food and prices on goods went down but still people could not afford them. Many farmers and workers moved to the cities to try and find work.
New deal--
The three R’s were Relief (to sop the deteriorating markets and help the people), Reform (temporary programs to start helping and to reform the banking system), Recovery (permanent programs to help the economy). -The First New Deal was aimed at fixing the economy and the Second New Deal was aimed at helping the common people and had
all of the alphabet soup.
FIRST NEW DEAL START AT TOP, WORK YOUR WAY DOWN,
SECOND NEW DEAL= OPPOSITE
The New Deal was FDR’s plan to get us out of the Great Depression. With all of its programs it helped to bring an end to the despair of the Great Depression. Most of the programs or forms of them are still around today.
unemployed-PWA help to create new jobs in the construction industry. Civil Works administration also did this. RFC loans helped to make more jobs. USHA gave jobs for unemployed to build homes. NYA gave young people jobs. WPA gave jobs to people to “build” more jobs.
Farmers- RFC loans helped to make more jobs. Soil conservation and domestic allotment act paid them to plant less and build terraces. AAA paid them to plant fewer crops. REA lit up their homes.
Factory workers/labor-NLRA set up minimum wages. NIRA helped people to go buy goods only from stores that treat workers fairly.
Young people-NYA gave them jobs. CCC helped to give them life skills and simple jobs.
Banks/business/stock market-RFC gave loans to banks to help keep banks running by using the Trickledown Theory. FSA began regulating the stock market. EBRA shut them down so that they would stay in business when they reopened. The banking act of 1933 created the FDIC. The Banking Act of 1935 strengthened banks.
Home owners-USHA gave jobs for unemployed to build homes.
Elderly- the Social Security Administration helped for retirement.
Native Americans-IRA got rid of the Dawes Act by giving them reservations to live on and have their schools and government.
Consumers-Food, drug and cosmetics act made them safer for consumers.
2. causes, effects and major events of WWII.
-Pearl Harbor-After the Japanese invaded French Indochina we stopped trading them. This caused them to feel like they could either trade something in order to be able to get oil back or attack usand we gave them no choice but to attack us. They did this at Pearl Harbor in a
sneak attack of two waves that attacked ships and the bases in Hawaii. This deeply angered the United States and caused us to enter the war against Japan.
-D-Day- largest amphibious invasion in history, invasion of Nazi controlled France. 137,000 troops landed on the Normandy coast on June 6 1944 called Operation Overlord. Utah beach was used to bring in supplies and had less casualties. Omaha beach was the hardest beach to take since there was no prior bombing to soften the landing and they had to face entrenched Germans in the cliff. Troops were dropped in France hours
before to try and surround the front lines. Some troops had left due to stormy weather and the allies had air and naval superiority and the Axis leaders thought that we were going to invade further north then in actuality. Montgomery was the British General and Patton was the American General, Eisenhower was the supreme ruler. We sent a lot of information out so that the major attack would come at a point closer to UK. Dragoon was the operation that invaded southern France. The eventually liberated Paris and it ended Operation Overlord. Operation Market-Garden failed due to not enough supplies and it was a lot of airdrops that were into German heavily fortified areas.
-Atomic bombing
-Africa/European Front
-Pacific Front
3. how/why the Allies won WWII.
--Germany and China bit off more than they could handle, we made a lot of stuff and helped before the war, and we also had greater technology.
--America helped the other countries through supplies, there was no war on American soil, made a ton of stuff.
--Great Britain was separate from Europe but the constant bombings just made them extremely mad and they kept going.
--The Soviet Union just was huge and they just kept backing up until the winter stopped Germany.
--Germany made a lot of mistakes, turning on the Soviet Union. If he hadn’t pushed out the Jews he would have had the Jewish scientists that made the atomic bombs. They didn’t have a lot of defense.
--Italy just burdened Germany and
Japan got the US into the war which got the greatest power in the world against them.
--We knew what the enemy was going to do but they didn’t through Ultra and Magic.
4. causes, effects and major events of the Cold War.
a. Define the Cold War and it's causes
1945-1990
political, strategic and ideological struggle between the US and USSR.
EAST-COMMUNIST
WEST-DEMOCRACY
democracy--people have a vote, freedom(U.S.A.)
communists--government control, brainwashing
FREEDOM(democracy) vs. CONTROL(communists)
socialism-government own businesses, same with communism
b. Policy of Containment -domino effect, mutual deterrence, massive retaliation, Truman Doctine, Marshall Plan, NATO
NATO- NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGINIZATION
-agree to a mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party... defensive alliance
U.S. CANADA AND WESTERN EUROPE
de-stalinization--undo the bad things stalin did
eliminating the cult of personality
when an individual uses mass media to create a heroic public image--
created by JOSEPH STALIN(cult of personality)
peaceful co-existence- influenced communist states to be peacefully with capitalist states
developed by the soviet union
Domino effect: when one country would become communist it would topple over and effect another country to become communist.
Marshall Plan: Main plan for rebuilding and creating a stronger economic foundation for Western Europe. June 5, 1947 was put in action. Was in effect for 4 years starting in April 1948. Joined the OEE. American aided Europe from the end of the war to the beginning of the plan.
Truman Doctrine: Was a strategy to contain communism. President Truman passed it on March 12, 1947 in Congress. US’s goal was to contain communism. NSC-68- National Security Council Report, Communists planned for world domination, would shape the US foreign Policy or “blueprint”. Written during the beginning stage of the Cold War.
c. Both Berlin Crises
Berlin Blockade :Berlin Blockade Stalin attempts to cut off access to Berlin and takeover the city in 1948 No roads or rail lines can be used to enter or leave Berlin into Soviet controlled sector 2.5 million people at risk
d. The Red Scare--McCarthyism and HUAC
e. Fidel Castro, Bay of Pigs and Missile Crisis
Bay of Pigs Invasion- Born in Holguin on August 26 1926 which is the place where Columbus first landed in Cuba. Joined the Partido Ortodoxo which called for a Social Reform and for INdependence and total freedom from the US. Formed an underground organization with his brother Raul and Mario Armas. On the 26th of July 1953 Castro attacked the Moncade Barracks more then sixty of the 135 militants. 26th of July Movement- The goal was to overthrow Fugencio Batista. They landed on December 2, 1956 most of the men were captured, killed, or desrepresed. Operation Verano was launched by Batista to crush Castro and other anti government people.
arranged by Dwight D. Eisenhower on Mar. 15. 1960 to he an amphibies attack. April 4th 1961 Kennedy approved of this. The Cuban Gov't knew from there Intellegence Network. Che Guevara said every Cuban people must become a Guerrila Army and learnto handle a firearm. Invasion day took place on Apr. 17, 1961. Five frogmen invade at midnight. Did not work, complete and utter failure
HOUSE COMMITTEE ON UNAMERICAN ACTIVITIES
CHAIRMAN--MARTIN DIES
PRESSURED WITNESSES TO SURRENDER NAMES
INVESTIGATION OF HOLLYWOOD..--FILMING-COMMUNISTS
PLANTING PROPAGANDA IN U.S. FILMS
cuban missel crisis
Oct. 1962
--closest thing to all out nuclear war
--over placing of nuclear missles by USSR in Cuba
--US had ability to hit anywhere but USSR didnt
--USSR put missles in Cuba to even the score
--Fidel Castro comes to power bringing communism
--Fidel says any attack on Cuba would mean world war
--start to suspect missles in Cuba
--find missle sights
--EX-COMM: Kennedy's top advisors
--orders quarentine of Cuba b/c couldnt get all missles down at once
--Gauntonamo Bay: US base in Cuba
--proposes taking missles out of Turkey if USSR would remove missles from Cuba
f. China
nixons visit to china
soviets and our relationship sucked
soviets went after countries on edge of communism,,, china
US tohught communism= downfall of schools and labor unions
nixon- first pres to china
US and PRC gov issued shanghai communique
statement of foreign policy veiws
US pull forces from taiwan
both pledged to work toward the full normilization of diplomatic relations
results::
republic of china= taiwan
PRC= communist china
maoism-gavce people hope. supported them
rebel against communists powers.
communists fought for leadership of the CCP.
innocents were killed
betrayal
cultural revolution- get rid of betraying people
communists were in kumintang
chiang hated communists
communists pushed out
chaing arrested and killed hundreds of communists
KMT AND CCP
mao started his own communists society
mao- zhu de and lin biao-- red army
5. causes, effects and major events of the Korean Conflict.
-why? North invaded south-unite Korea under communism
-how? Over 38th parallel, pushed the south to a little space, south with the United Nations pushed back to the river, china helped pushed, BACK AND FORTH
-end? No peace treaty signed , stop the spread of communism
6. causes, effects and major events of the Vietnam Conflict.
Similar to Korean conflict
We send military to south
North was communists
We escalated our involvement in the war over time
US was attacked by north Vietnamese torpedoes
TET offensive
Nixon wanted out of the war-- vietnamization, pull out and let the Vietnamese fight
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