1. Students will understand the impact the Great Depression and New Deal had on the US.
The Great Depression had a huge impact on the US. The New Deal was made in order to get rid of the Great Depression that had now been going on in the US. There was a couple of New Deals that were created.
The first New Deal took place from 1933-1934. Of corse it didn't end the depression but it did help the people that were in need of some helping. It also tried to get a more together relationship between the corporations and the government. The First Deal also wanted to rebuild the economy starting from the very top of the economic pole, the banks.
In 1933 the National Industrial Recovery Act built the New Deal's strategy of defeating the evil Great Depression that had taken place.
The Second New Deal took place from 1935-1941. Instead of trying to solve the depression crisis from the top of the economic pole, they started from the bottom, the common people. This helped the common people get the jobs so that they could pay for the things that they had origonally payed for like the new refrigorator or washer or dryer. They had a special three R's and those were Relief, Reform, and Recovery.
They made many act and rules that helped certain people.
Farmers:
Agriculture Adjustment Act- passed so that the farmers could gain stability of thier farms. The government would pay the farmers to reduce the amount of land that the farmers were farming. That money that they would be receiving came from the pay of the crops or animals.
Farm Security Administration- This was made to help the farmers who were effected by the dust bowl. The government would buy the smaller farms and make them better, but about seven years later, the Conservation Coalition took control and made the FSA help farmers to buy the land.
Unemployed:
Civilian Conservation Corps- This provided relief, rehabilitation, and training for millions of younger men. This would provide jobs for the men wich include building parks, fighting forest fires, and planting trees.
CCC- made mainly for the younger men who were ages 18-25 years.
Factory Workers:
National Recovery Act- Created minimum wages and maximum working hours for each week. This made it more fair to people so they could get paid a good amount for the time and effort that they put into their job.
Banks:
FDIC- it guarantees the protection of people's money that is in the bank.
SEC- (Securities Act of 1933 and Securities Exchange Act of 1934) Made to Restore confidence in markets and have a clearer rules for dealing and more reliable information. They must tell the truth about their buisness like what they were sellling and the risks of working there.
Homeless:
Federal Emergency Relief Act- Gave welfare checks to people which helped them pay for food and clothes. This act also put 15 million people back to work. It eventually became too costly so it came to an end in 1934.
Elderly people:
Social Security Administration- made to help the elderly, disable, and retired people. Social Security card was what insured that people were US citizens.
Some of the causes of the Great Depression;
-bank failures
-savings and bank runs
-business bank ruptcy
Some of the Effects of the Great Depression;
-unemployment
-uneven distribution of wealth
-industries in trouble
-housing starts fall
-price supports
-foreclosures
-soup kitchens
-hobos became more common
-suicide
-malnourished children
-schools closed
-tenant farming
2. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of WWII.
-Pearl Harbor
Took place on December 7, 1941. A day wich will live in infamy. The Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on this day. They attacked us for natural resources because we had stopped trading with them and they wanted us to trade with them again. It would be kina like a big brother taking something away from the little brother and the little brother retaliating by attacking. They would have known that the Japanese were coming if they weren't expecting some suppies to come in that very morning. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto was the person who came up with the idea of attacking Pearl Harbor. There was some good things that came out of Pearl Harbor, is that the aircraft carriers were out to sea that day, other wise, we wouldn't have as many aircrafts as we could have.
-D-Day
This day is also known as Operation Overload ro Operation Neptune Operation. This began on Tuesday June 6, 1944 at 6:30 in the morning. EARLY MORNING!! The invasion took place on the northern part of France. There were two phases to the invasion. one was an air assault and the other was an amphibious landing. This invasion was hard because Germany was dug into the beaches and then was therefore harder to hit them with any weapons. Germany also had some high caliber weapons in them. The invasion fo Freance during DDAy was very important role in the European Front. We had sent false enformation that Germany intercepted, so they thought that we were going to attack somewhere else. It was a very icky battle that we had lost alot of very brave soldiers in.
-Atomic bombing
Come the end of WWII, the US had dropped two atomic bombs on some of Japan's bigger cities. these cities were Hiroshima and Nagasaki. There were two bombs that were sent to these cities. Little boy and Fat Man were the two that were sent. Fat Man was sent to Nagasaki and Little boy was sent to Hiroshima.
-Africa/European Front
The United States had not gotten involved in this war until 1941. We wouldn't have entered the war if Britain, one of our allies needed our help.
In 1940, the war of the African Front began. Big tanks were widly used in this part of the battle.
The battel of Birba used the first tanks of the battle. The second battle of Capuzzo was during the whole month of September. Alllies in this part of the war were Breat Britain, the Free French Underground and they were fighting the Germanys and the Vichy French Government
Battles in 1941 were mostly won by the allies. Rommel's first offensive was 8 battles that he led. Rommel was an Axis General from Germany. Operation Bevity was a main part of all the battles.
Operation Scorpion was one of the two battles the Axis Powers won. Operation Battleaxe was the second and last battle that the Axis Powers won.
Operation Crusader was won by the Allies.
In 1942, the US got thoroughly involved in the North African Campaign. The US decided to attack in Africa because it was easier than going through the heavily gaurded France. This is the first place we sent troops to fight in the African Front.
Joseph Stalin wasn't super excited with the US's decision to fight in Africa rather than invade France.
The Italian and Mediterranean Front involved the naval, land and air campaigns fought between the Allies and Axis forces in the Bediterranean Basin. Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt had started this front to relieve pressure from the Soviets. The two argured whether or not they should go through Italy into Germany or if they should just go and help the Soviets. Soon after the Italian front was created. Italy was hard to attack because of all the mountains and hills that they had. The allies invaded Sicily in July 1943. This then made the Germanand Italian forces from Itlaly. Operation Olive was a major allied offensive as a part of the Gothic Line defenses which penetrated on both of the eighth army and Fifth Army Fronts. Some armies were withdrawn because of weather conditions. The eighth Army broke east through the Argentinean Gap that allowed for the advancing form the Appennine Mountains in Central Italy.
-Pacific Front
The Philippine Campaingn was between 1941to 1942 and it was the Philippines against Japan. Japan invaded the Philippines. THe US were allies to the Philippines so we got involved in this part of the war. General Douglas McCarthur invaded the philippines by force beginning the second battle for the Philippines. On February 4, 1945, the US enters Manila and took over the city within three weeks.
The Battle of Coral Sea took place from May 4- 8, 1942. The Japanese Navy and the Allied Naval Forces and Air Forces fought in theis battle. Japan has origonally planned this attack to take over New Guinea so that the could build airfiels on Tulagi and take control of the chipping lanes between the AMericans and Austrailia.
Australia was majorly involved in the New Buinea Campaign. New Guinea is a largy mass of land taht is north of Australia that would provide good land for naval bases and landing stripes for the Airforce and a good docking station for the Navy.
Kamikaze Attacks were suicide attacks that killed both the pilot and the enemy. This was very effective that the Japanese used but they eventually had a hard time finding people who were willing to kill themselves. Japan's merchant ships were destroyed by subamarines. Japan was then low on oil at that time.
Iwo Jima was when the US fought to capture Iwo Jima from Japan.
Many of these countries used cryptography which was the practice of studying and hiding information. This was used in WWII to pass special messages to another country. Some of the machines that they used were Magic, Bombe, and Purple. Ultra and Magic are the most important codenames for this. Magic was an allied machine and it was used in a project aimed tward Japan. Purple was a Japanese machine. The US had also sometimes used the Navajo language to send the secret codes to eachother. Klaus Fuchs was a crazy person who gave some information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union from the US and GB.
3. Students will understand how/why the Allies won WWII.
Of corse, the allied powers won WWII for many reasons. We had lots of resources ad used the resourses to make more things because that's just how smart we are. Another reason is that Germany had turned on the Soviet Union . Hitler was also killing Jews and the people that built the US atomic bomb were Jews from Europe. Germany would have had the first atomic bomb if Hitler hadn't done the whole Jew thing.
4. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of the Cold War.
a. Define the Cold War and it's causes
It was a struggle between the US and the Soviet Union. It was basically the stop to spread communism. The US didn't want communism to spread so they went into the Cold War.
b. Policy of Containment -domino effect, mutual deterrence, massive retaliation, Truman Doctine, Marshall Plan, NATO
The Policy of Containment was used by the US to stop communism. It was also made to stop the domno effect. The domino effect is when if one of the countries turned communists, then eventually all of the countries will be communist. President truman best represented this policy. George Kennan created the policy of containment and was also a US embassador for the sovit Union, and they later the leader to Yugoslavia and alot of anti communist programs. The Iron Curtain Speech marked the beginning of the war. This speech talked about the "iron curtain" which separated the non communists formt he communists. Churchill gave this speech and talked about how the curtain had split europe into two sections. East and West. The East side of europe was communist and the West side was free.
NATO stood for the North American Treaty Orgonization, and you would agree to a mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party.
The Truman Doctrine was a US strategy for containment. The long telegram was how the soviets woudl respond to the docrine. we set up a long toerm strategy, the first step in the process wich would establish NATO to stop the spread of communism. It is aimed to help greece and turkey. They were in South eastern europe and there were communists in thier country trying to take over so they callled us for help so we sent them billions of dollars and military supplies and aid aver.
c. Both Berlin Crises
The Berlin Blockade and Airlift. The Berlin Blockade was in June 24, 1948 to May 24, 1989. The Blockade was teh first major international crisis of teh cold war. The Yalta Conference split Germany into four parts and Berlin into four parts. Stalin wanted to cut off acess to Berlin. So he blocked the roads. This was terrible because people would result in canabalism and starving to death because they weren't getting the nessesary items that they needed to survive. Eventually, this led to the Airlift. Teh arlift transported 1535 tons of food into Berlin eachday to keep 2.5 million people alive. The Soviet Union eventually noticed that the blockade was not working, so they removed it and they poor people of Berlin could then get their necessaary items.
The Berlin Wall was separated East and West Berlin. The wall was eventually taken down due to some political changes in the Eastern Blockade. Once WWII and the Soviet Union's relationship deteriorated, Soviet Union went after countries on the edge of communism like China. The US felt communism would get rid of the schools of labor unions. Nixon was the first president to visit China.
d. The Red Scare--McCarthyism and HUAC
the HUAC House Committee on Un- American Activites(HUAC) - Martin Dies Jr. becomes the chairman. HUAC aimed at German Americans involved in Nazi and KKK, more focus was on the Nazis.
McCarthyism is Accusing people of being communist in the American government, got them blacklisted, people worried about thinking that there were communists in our government. added to the Red(communist) scare.
e. Fidel Castro, Bay of Pigs and Missile Crisis
.Bay of Pigs Invasion was when American CIA trained Cuban exiles and had them invade Cuba to try and over throw Fidel Castro(Communist). The invasion didn't really work, it failed.
Cuban Missile Crisis is when Soviet Missiles were found in Cuba. US was terrified because they shouldn't have been there. USSR assured us they were only for defensive use but we weren't going to take it. There was a blockade set up and their ships started turning around.
f. China
Mao was communist and wanted to help common people but hurt them even more. Zhen Fan was one the biggest mass killing in history, if somebody was a counter revolutionary then they were agianst the government going communist. People would make false accusations saying that they're counter revolutionaries then the army would take them away and they would most likely be killed.
Nixon visited China and they decided that they could peacfully co-exist.
g. Nuclear Arms Race and Reductions
The nuclear arms race was a weapon buildup between the Soviet Union and the USA between 1945- 1970. On August 29, 1949 the Soviets detonated their first atomic bomb. When the Soviets got their atomic bomb and we had ours the world became safer because nobody wanted to inflict the damage.
Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative(Missile Defense System today)- SDI was a way for US to defend agianst nuclear missiles. MDS would sense a nuclear weapon being launched at us and a missle or something to deflect it. h. How the Cold War ended.
Invasion of Afganistan by Soviets was like the Vietnam for them, they just couldn't take it anymore. Communism fell and Mikhail Gorbachev was leader of USSR between 1985 and 1991 He was the last leader of USSR and they brought communism to it's knees. His goals were to give people and bussinesses a little more freedom to do what they wanted and needed to do, he also wanted to fix the failing economy. Glasnost had given more freedom of speech to citizens. After the break up of USSR Boris Yeltsin became the first president on June 12, 1991. He tried to bring in more capitalistic views and people didn't like it because the government was no longer putting money into the economy. When he left, he had an approval rating of about 2%. What a shame..
5. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of the Korean Conflict.
-In 1950 the north invaded the south... the North wanted to become communists and the south wanted to be democratic. The north ivaded the south and pushes us to the tip and United Nations come and we push them almost to China. China gets nervous and Invades us which pushed us back to the tip and eventually we start to pushChina back closer to china. Back and Forth. North Koria is in massive famine. South Korea is flourishing and doing pretty well. We stopped the spread of communism in south Korea. There is still some nuclear wepons in North Korea wich is kinda a thorn in our side. It took place between WWII and Vietnam.
6. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of the Vietnam Conflict.
-It was from 1950-1975. It was kinda like the Korean war. All that Vietnam wanted was indipendence. the US gets involved and Vietnam was split. 1961 we start to send military advisers to Vietnam. The north invaded the south and we needed to help them. Both sides wanted to unite the country but each one wanted to go under their form of government. North was communist and south was democratic. From 1960-65 our major escalation of the involvment of the war. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; several US ships were supposedly attacked by North Vietnamese torpedoes in the Gulf of Tonkin. The enemy of the vietnam was difficult to tell who was the enemy and that made the war more difficult. we eventually started killing women and children because they would make them do their dirty work. General William Westmoreland was the major general in charge of the Vietnam. The Tet offensive was the major offensive that kinda set the war in motion again. Militaralily we did AWESOME. HO Chi Minh was the leader of the North (communism). He was the one who had the idea of Gurrila War Fare. As the war became more and more unpopular, peopel would begin to start to pull out of draft. You could: Went ot Canada or Sweden; Went to college (student deferment); Got married; Medically unfit for service; Joined the National Guard or Peace Corps; Claimed to be Homosextual; being rich. Nixon called for the "vietnaminzation" of the war. We pulled out in 1973 to let the Vietnamese fight for themselves. Vietnam is still one of the five communist countries today.
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