es of the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression? People kept buying and selling stocks. People went broke in the stock market and couldn't pay off loans. People tried to sell stocks for more than they were worth and no one would buy it. 6 to 7 million people were unemployed. by 1932 12 million unemployed.
Great depression- Stock market crash, Bank failures, drought conditions so farmers lost money, High tariffs halted trade with other countries. Overproduction of farming goods made farmers poor.
2. What impact did the stock market crash and Great Depression have on the lives of people in the United States? People had no money, Unemployment. Women tried to find work. Homeless people went to Hoovervilles which were a bunch of small crappy houses were people lived. Riding railroads was jumping on a train and looking for a job. Starvation and illness. Dust bowl. Suicide and crime rate went up.
3. What did the United States government do to help alleviate the problems the Great Depression brought to our country?
President Hoover- Only Iowa president 31st president. said that one day poverty would be gone in america. Blamed for poverty. He didn't think that government should bail people out with money. Hoovers Philosophy (stay out of business's, smaller taxes on rich so they hire more people, and get it down on your own and work hard.) RFC (Reconstruction Finance Corporation) Gave loans out to states banks and local governments so they could make jobs for people.
Roosevelt-New Deal(Goals/1st and 2nd)- second one helped out people more so than business's and banks.
How did the New Deal impact the following:
unemployed,- 6 agencies to help unemployed. Hired people to help build roads, houses etc. also having people buying things would help other businesses. WPA, PWA, CCC
young people,- Had to fend for themselves. Most left school. NYA offered programs for out of school youth. Jumped on trains and rode to other cities looking for jobs.
factory workers- Same as labor unions.
labor unions- Wagner act allowed people to form labor union and strike, FlSA act 44 hr work week 7 hour seven day work week, established minimum wage, time and a half for overtime work. Prohibited most child labor. Children cannot work during school hours. Children under 18 cannot do dangerous jobs.
farmers- farmers were overproducing so they were paid to produce less. Fsa ffb Scadaa AAA, 2
4. What were the causes of WWII(in Europe/Asia/for United States)?
For the US:
- quit trading supplies (oil) with Japan
- Pearl Harbor Attack
In Asia:
- The great depression
- Japanese invasion of Manchuria
- Japanese invasion of China
Europe:
- Germany wanted their land back
- Treaty of Versailles
- the great depression
- Hitlers actions
- Mussolini's actions
- Failure of the league of nations
- Policy of AppeasementHitlers invasion of Poland
- Came out of the Munich conference. Gave Hitler land to make him stop but Hitler Lied and told them what they wanted to hear but didn't follow through
- Rise of Nationalism
5. What impact did the United States have on WWII?
- Our aircraft carriers moved into the area of the island of Midway in which we sunk 4 of the 6 Japanese aircraft carriers that participated in the attack of Pearl Harbor
- It brought another super power into the war
- We had fresh troops to fight against the Axis powers in Europe
- The U.S. citizens rallied for war and wanted revenge on Japan
- soft underbelly (Italy), then D-Day
- Dwight D. Eisenhower had responsibility for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43
- He was at first selected to command the First Army, which was to take part in Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa.
- Germans went to North Africa to bail out the italians who were having troubles combating the British.
- British ensured the security of suez Canal
- U.S. went to help the British
- suez canal-used russian battleship fleets-transverse their way to the pacific to fight the japanese navy(1905)
- We started in Africa and moved their way up.
- Once the military force was built up the could really push for Germany. We landed in France in 1944 and went from there after liberating
- Eventually the allies worked its way up to Germany and forced them to surrender.
- The war in the pacific was ultimately ended at this time with the dropping of the atomic bombs. Both in Nagasaki and Hiroshima.
- We helped D-Day and also invade up through North Africa and Italy
- Helped Great Britain
- Helped with major turning pointsUS Naval forces were very strong
- Battle of Midway
- Invasion of France
- Invasion of Italy
- Shipped out food
- Had a very strong army and navy
- Great Britain relied on US
- Gave them loans
- Gave them oil
- RussiaWithout the US, the Allies probably would have won, but it would have taken longer
- Relied on American trucks, boots, and food to give the Russian Army
- Used a lot of propaganda
- Lend-Lease with Great Britain
- Many volunteer groups
- Americans saved resources-made sure we were in good shape after the war
- Ration foodWere collecting scrap metal and other things to help make armaments
- “Do with less–so they’ll have enough”
6. What were the goals for the US during the Cold War?
- Wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
- Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
- Stop the spread of communism
7. What were some of the major events that took place during the Cold War?
-Berlin Blockade/airlift, Cuban Missile Crisis, Red Scare/McCarthyism, Bay of Pigs, Berlin Wall, End of the Cold War
oday we did presentations on the Cold War.
Berlin Blockade
- Berlin Blockade was the Soviets surrounded Berlin and wasn't allowing supplies in
- Neither US or Soviets wanted war
- US didn't want to fight through the blockade to give supplies, so they dropped supplies in
- Russia didn't want war so they didn't shoot down our planes
- Russia eventually backed down
Bay of Pigs
Trained rebels to try to overthrow castro and hide our involvement by trying to make it look like a civil war this planned failed badly
Cuban Missile Crisis
- A spy plane found took a picture of missiles in Cuba
- The missiles could reach any country in the US
- We blockaded Cuba so they couldn't get more missiles
- The plan was to airstrike the Cubans so they destroy the missiles then invade
- Military higher ups wanted to invade and get rid of Castro which would start nuclear war
- The compromise was soviets withdraw missiles from Cuba, We promise not to invade Cuba, and 6 months later we would take our missiles out of Turkey
8. Why did the US go to war in Korea and Vietnam and what were outcome of those wars?
We won because of our allies. Russia had pretty much no allies. Reagan was a strong anticommunist president. Gorbachev was the soviet leader that really helped change Russia. He was willing to change Russia, this made him loved by the world hated by his people. Gorbachev said Russia would stop interfering with eastern Europe. Ronald Regan was very anti communism. Russians shouldn't have invaded Afghanistan or ignored their countries social concerns, or spent all there money on military.
9. Know these major major post-WWII/Cold War Events:
JFK Assassination
- Kennedy was shot at 12:29 p.m. by Lee Harvey Oswald
- Shot on Elm St.
- Brought to Parkman Memorial Hospital
- Governor Connally hit by same
- James Tague was hit (bystander)
- Oswald shot officer Tippit
- While being escorted to court, Jack Ruby shot Oswald
- People were concerned with him going to Dallas because of the strong segregation views.
Civil Rights
President Truman had the Fair Deal, which was a new version of the New deal that recognized and helped blacks, poor, education, and elderly. Many of his plans did not pass. President Eisenhower desegregated the army and schools. President Nixon was a big advocate for Civil Rights after the Cold War. He pushed for the de-segregation of schools and passed Title 9 for civil rights for women in high school and college.
Watergate
- Richard Nixon
- Watergate Scandal
- June 17, 1972 - Break in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex
- Nixon administration tried to cover up involvement
- Bugged the offices of political opponents
- It was a committee that wanted to re-elect the president
- Harassment of activist groups/political figures
- Used the FBI, CIA, and IRS
- He wanted to find dirt against the democrats
- Nixon downplayed the scandal and denounced the story as biased and misleading
- Nixon was involved with obstruction of justice and eventually resigned from the presidency
Persian Gulf War(1991)
Iraq invaded Kuwait Aug. 2, 1990 because he thought they were taking oil from him and always thought they should have been part of the Iraq country. We had previously helped them come to power. We helped build them up in the 1980’s. US sends thousands of troops to Saudi Arabia (operation Desert Shield). Two goals were to prevent Iraq from invading Saudi Arabia and we thought we could free Kuwait and Sadam would leave. January 1991- President Bush told Sadam he had to be out by a certain date and he didn’t so we invaded Kuwait and got them out. Great Britain and France helped. Resulted in destruction of Iraq oil fields and other countries around that area. Lead to 9-11 because in 1990’s they thought that we were trying to take over the whole middle-east and north Africa.
9-11
- It all started at 5:45 AM on that fateful Tuesday morning.
- Hijackers Mohammed Atta and Abdulaziz al-Omari pass through security at Portland International Jetport in Maine. They board a shuttle flight to Boston's Logan International Airport, where they connect to Los Angeles-bound American Airlines Flight 11. Over the next hour and a half, seventeen other hijackers clear security checks at Airports.All supposedly carry knives or box cutters . Although eight are randomly tagged for additional screening and a gate agent flags two as suspicious, none are prevented from boarding their intended flights.
- At 7:59 AM, Flight 11 took off.
- That day, conferences and a concert were supposed to take place at the Twin Towers.
- Flight 175 took off at 8:14 AM.
- At 8:19 AM Flight 11 crew contacted the airline.
- Next, at 8:20 AM Flight 77 Takes off from Washington Dulles International Airport. The destination is Los angeles.
- At 8:24 AM, hijacker Mohammed Atta unintentionally contacts air traffic controllers.
- At 8:37 AM, the Air Traffic Control contacts the military after listening to the cockpit transmissions.
- Next, at 8:46 AM, Flight 11 hits the World Trade Center’s north tower. It crashes in floors 93-99 of the building. Everyone on board is killed along with people on the floors in the tower that was hit. This causes The Fire Department of New York and New York Police Department dispatch units to the World Trade Center within seconds of Flight 11's crash.
- At 8:50 AM, the president is alerted that the north tower has been hit. He is currently in Sarasota, Florida, at an elementary school.
- At 8:59 AM, people on flight 175 begin to contact loved ones. They are heading for the south tower of the World trade center.
- At 9:02 AM, people in the South tower are told to evacuate.
- A minute later, Hijackers crash Flight 175 into floors 77 to 85 of the World Trade Center's South Tower, killing everyone on the plane and hundreds inside the building.
- At 9:05 AM, the president is alerted that another plane has hit the south tower.
- Evacuation continues in both towers at 9:15 AM. Hijacked Flight 11 severed all three North Tower emergency stairwells, making evacuation impossible for those alive on or above the impact floors.
- At 9:37, hijackers crash Flight 77 into the Pentagon’s western facade. This killed 59 people on board and 125 military personnel. 106 people are also injured.
- All flights in the United States are ground at 9:42 AM.
- At 9:45, the White House and Pentagon are starting to be evacuated.
- Thirteen of Flight 93's 40 passengers and crew managed to alert loved ones and authorities to the plane’s hijacking. At least six learn about the attacks on the World Trade Center or the Pentagon.
- In response, Flight 93's passengers are believed to have collectively voted to mount a counterattack to the hijackers. This begins at 9:57.
- At 9:59 AM the south tower collapses in about 10 seconds after burning for 56 minutes. Approximately 600 workers and first responders are killed.
- At 10:03 hijackers deliberately crash Flight 93 in a field in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, killing the forty on board, To prevent passengers from retaking the airplane,
- The crash site is approximately 20 minutes flying time from Washington DC
- At 10:15 AM, the damaged part of the Pentagon collapses. This part is known as the E-Ring.
- Next, at 10:28, the north tower collapses killing around 1,400 people. The tower had been burning for 102 minutes.
War in Afghanistan
Afghanistan War, international conflict in Afghanistan beginning in 2001 that was triggered by the September 11 attacks and consisted of three phases. The first phase—toppling the Taliban (the ultraconservative political and religious faction that ruled Afghanistan and provided sanctuary for al-Qaeda, perpetrators of the September 11 attacks)—was brief, lasting just two months. The second phase, from 2002 until 2008, was marked by a U.S. strategy of defeating the Taliban militarily and rebuilding core institutions of the Afghan state. The third phase, a turn to classic counterinsurgency doctrine, began in 2008 and accelerated with U.S. Pres. Barack Obama’s 2009 decision to dramatically increase the U.S. troop presence in Afghanistan. The larger force was used to implement a strategy of protecting the population from Taliban attacks and supporting efforts to reintegrate insurgents into Afghan society. By mid-2010 the Afghanistan War rivaled the Vietnam War as the longest war fought by the United States.
War in Iraq
- the CIA found that Saddam Hussein had close ties to Al Qaeda, and that Iraq had an enormous arsenal of chemical, biological, and possibly even nuclear weapons. that threatened the region and, potentially, the United States
- In 1998, President Bill Clinton ordered Operation Desert Fox, which was the bombing of several Iraqi military installations
- A few years later, this was renewed as a top priority and the Bush Administration gave Saddam Hussein 48 hours to leave the country
- He refused to leave the country and on March 20, We launched an attack
It began when U.S. aircraft dropped several precision-guided bombs on a bunker complex in which the Iraqi president was believed to be. This was followed by a series of air strikes directed against government and military installations, and within days U.S. forces had invaded Iraq from Kuwait in the south. Large numbers of Iraqi troops simply chose not to resist the advance of our forces. In southern Iraq the greatest resistance to U.S. forces as they advanced northward was from irregular groups of Baʿth Party supporters, known as Saddam's Fedayeen. . British forces faced similar resistance from paramilitary and irregular fighters. In the north, plans to open up another major front had been frustrated when the Turkish government refused to allow mechanized and armoured U.S. Army units to pass through Turkey to deploy into northern Iraq. Regardless, a regiment of American paratroopers did drop into the area, and U.S. Special Forces soldiers joined with Kurdish peshmergafighters to seize the northern cities of Kirkuk Mosul.Ṣaddām’s hometown of Tikrit. the last major stronghold, fell with little resistance. Bush then declared an end to major combat on May 1. Iraqi leaders fled into hiding and were the object of an intense search by U.S. forces. Ṣaddām Ḥussein was captured on December 13, 2003, and was turned over to Iraqi authorities and in June of 2004 stood trial for various crimes; he was subsequently convicted of crimes against humanity and was executed on December 30, 2006. Then, our troops seemed to be caught in the middle of a civil war with guerrilla warfare fighting. in 2007, Bush sent over 20,000 troops and that resulted in many casualties at first, but then they then realigned themselves to fighting against al-Qaeda. President Obama announced that the remaining 39,000 soldiers would leave the country at the end of 2011. The U.S. military formally declared the end of its mission in Iraq in a ceremony in Baghdad on December 15, as the final U.S. troops prepared to withdraw from the country.
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