You will be asked two questions from 1-4, three questions from WWI and two questions from the 1920's. You need to do answer all of them for the semester test blog.
Essentials for US History--Semester One
1. Students will understand the impact the Industrial Revolution had on the United States.
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?
A discovery in the wealth of natural resources in oil, coal, iron ore, government support for businesses, growing urban population that provided cheap labor and market for new products. Laissez fairre - to let alone.
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?
Light bulb - it made light bulbs last a lot longer, typewriter - more ledgible, telephone - communication around the world.
What impact did railroads have on the US?
Positives are transporting good and people more quickly, makes things cheeper because it doesn't take as long, cities popped up along railroads, transforms the west since it can carry people to the west. Negatives are destroyed native american lands, costs were high for the farmers who were already in debt.
-Why were many people upset with the railroads?
Farmers felt they were being over charged.
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
Interstate commerace act makes sure railroads were fair to everyone.
2. Students will understand the impact immigration and urbanization had on the United States.
Pull: promise of better life. jobs.
Push: escape difficult conditions: famine, land shortages, or religious and political persecution.
Europeans, western and nothern europe in 1890.
in 1890 immigrants coming from eastern and southern europe was increasing.
1 million people from italy, Russia, and Austria-Hungary in 1907.
crowded together in gloom. allowed very little on deck. disease.
Ellis Island:Anxiety, pass inspection.
brought in their ethics.
race reasons.
banned all chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials.
segregation.
only families.
3. Students will understand the impact of the Progressive Era on the United States.
- 1890's to 1920, a time where people worked to reform the government and correct social problems by taking power away from the rich and giving it to the common people.
- Protect social welfare, promoting moral improvemnet, creating economic reform.
- This was the time when people went crazy and started enforcing laws. and passing bills.
4. Students will understand the impact imperialism had on the United States and world.
+Brings military power and prestige.
+Naval bases and refuleing stations.
+Money for as well as opening new markets to sell your goods.
+And believes in cultural superiority = white man's burden. (MicKinley: "To take them all and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them." Taft: We must help "our little brown brothers" on the Philippines.)
- With imperialism you were a big country and you would take over little countries. You have big strong navy.
5. Students will understand the causes for US involvement in World War I and the effects it had on the United States.
Causes of World War one
Militarism, imperialism, and nationalism. Assassination in Sarajeu. Alliances.
MINSA is an acronym
Militarism
Imperialism
Nationalism
System of alliances
Assassination - that started the war
What were causes for U.S. Involvement
Unrestriced submarine warfare - type of warefare in which submarines sing non navel boats without warning, Germans sank the Lusitania which was a key reason for US joining WW1
American Propaganda - increase support for the war, it urged people to plant victory gardens, join the war, greater war production
German dictatorship
US business interests
Zimmerman note - German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann ws the man who wrote the telegram, it was sent to German Nimister to Mexico, von Eckherdt, German empire wanted Mexico to make war against the US, the British deciphered the telegram, the American press published it in newspapers, another big reason for the US entering the war
Weapons
Rifles and Pistols (main weapon in trenches - 15 rounds per min)
Rifles
Bolt-Action Rifles
Lebel M1886
Mauser Gewehr
Lee Enfield Rifle
Springfield
Mannlicher-Carcano
Machine Guns (needed 4-6 men to work)
Gerdner Machine Gun
Hotchkiss
Lewis Gun
Maxim Machine Gun
Vickers Machine Gun
Browning Machine Gun
Artillery
Big Bertha
Howitzer
Skoda 30.5
Mills Bomb
Tanks
1st one made was Little Willie - crew of 3- max speed was 3mph - couldn't cross trenches
End of war tanks could carry 10 men, max speed 4mph, relvoving turret
Gas
Chlorine
-burning in the throat and chest pains
-death by suffocation
Mustard
-most deadly gas
-12 hours to take effect
-blistering skin, vimiting, sore eyes, internal and external bleeding
-death can take up to 5 weeks
Submarines also known as U-boats
-over 200 feet long
-less than 1,000 tons
-weapons on are torpedo
Aircrafts
-Planes delivered bombs
-spied on enemies
-Zeppelin - airship used for bombing raids(known as blimps now)
-Zepplins are easy to shoot because they are so big
Trench Warfare
-area between trenches "no man's land"
-"Shell shock"- nervous break down of soldiers
U.S. Homefront
- Everyone was anti-german because of this.
- They refused to buy German products.
- They changed the name from a German name to American names.
- Americanization
- American's tried to change all immigrants, especially German immigrants into America loving people.
- Rights- Crippiling Acts
- Rights were infringed.
- Free Speech rights were taken away.
- Women and Labor
- Women workers were more common.
- Status of Women changed
- No longer just the house wife, though could work.
- They didn't have the same status as men.
- Role of Women
- Women were becoming more independent.
- They liked working and their newfound freedom.
- They got the right to vote.
- Temporary Agencies.
- Department of Labor helped increase the production of warfare marterials.
- Food and Drug Administration which helps preserve food sources and moniters food and drugs.
- Many young ment joined the war willingly.
- Conscription.
- Forced men from 18- blah blah to sign a military draft. If they were called upon to go to war.. then they HAD to go.
- Economic Effect.
- Liberty bonds..
- Farming and food.
- Victory gardens.
- Preserving food.
- Being less wasteful.
- Hollywood.
- Movies- anti-german.
- Songs.
Wilson's 14 points
- Point 1.
- An end to secret treaties.
- Point 2.
- Freedom of the seas. Anyone could trade with any country basically. It would stop ships from being sunk or stopped.
- Point 3.
- Free trade for all countries.
- Point 4.
- Disarmament. For all the countries, not just Germany. Reduce militaries.
- Point 5.
- End to colonial claims. Start giving away independence.
- Point 6.
- Self determination for all countries. Especially Russia. Be able to determine which type of gov't you'd have. (wilson meant democracy.)
- Point 7
- restoration of belgium
- during the war, belgium was greaty abused...trenches everywhere.
- Point 8
- Restoration of France
- the same as belgium... tons of trenches all over!
- Point 9
- Readjustment of Italy's boundaries.
- Point 10
- Austria-Hungary is given opportunity for Autonomous development.
- Meaning-- allowing the peoples of Austra-Hungary form gov'ts and countries.
- Point 11.
- Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored.
- Point 12.
- Turkey should be sovereign.
- Freedom, blah blah blah. Free nation!
- Point 13
- Poland would be given their independence.
- Point 14
- The League of Nations would be developed.
Treaty of Versailles.
They needed a treaty since the war was coming to an end. They hoped that it would bring stability to Europe. Poland and Czechoslovakia were some of the new nations. It helped bring peace. Germany didn't like the treaty because they thought that they would get the 14 points.
Germany Couldn't do:
1. War guily clause
2. lost colonies in the Pacific
3. couldn't maintain an army (100,000 or less in army)
4. paid allies $33 billion
5. lost 10% of land of Germany itself
6. no submarines or tanks
The US didn't sign the treaty. They wanted to remain alone/neutral.
15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?
It goes to the senate, and they are scared of the league of nations. Democrates wanted to join and Republicans didn't want to.
Affects of World War one
United States
-thought it was too harsh
-fell into the Great Depression
6. Students will understand the political, social and economic changes that occurred in the 1920’s in the United States.
1. Roaring 20's
Also known as The Jazz Age, golden age of sports, advertising age. Prohibition was also around. Nascar came around during the 20s because they wanted to out run the cops. Radio and entertainment was huge. It allowed then to listen to their favorite sports team. The automobile became popular. Electricty became used a lot in the cities. Then they started using washing machine, refrigerator, and dryer. Mahjonng was a game that was popular.
2. A "return to normalcy"
Harding's platform was a return to normalcy in 1920 election. That means going back to isolationism. Then we would just worry about building up the United States and not any other countries. Harding won.
3. Red Scare
1919-1920
The US was afraid that the US was going to be comunist.
communism - everything is everyones
Karl Marx came up with communism.
The US reduced immigration to try to keep communism out. J. Edgar Hoover and A. Mitchell Palmer deported people (forced them out).
4. Buying on credit
Buy now pay later is buying on credit. You could buy something and pay for it later.
5. Planes and automobiles
Route 66 went from Chicago to California. Towns and hotels popped up along here. 1950 is when the interstate came around. Model T Ford was affordable, simple, and basic. The automobile created jobs like construction of roads, gas stations, hotels, and making cars. Airplanes were used to take mail to different places. There was also stunt shows. Charles Lindberg "Lucky Lindy" was the most famous stunt person.
6. Prohibition
It was called the "The Noble Experiment". 18th amendment was 1920 to 1933. The women thought that it would help, so they and their children wouldn't be beaten. The 21st amendment repealed it. Alcohol was allowed for meicine and religious purpos. Perscriptions and sacramental wine orders skyrocketed. It failed because people felt that it was rediculous, couldn't enforce it, and crimes became common. They didn't think that the government souldn't tell them what they should do. Gangs formed and there were crimes. Bootleggers are people who make or transport the alcohol. Speakeasies is illegall bars. There was a password system to get in. We were the only county to do this. Al Capone made millions, and he never paid taxes.
7. Republican presidents and philosophy-Harding, Coolidge, Hoover
Harding died in office. Coolidge took over for Harding. Do as little as possible was what Coolidge thought. If the people do too much it will mess things up. Hover is the only Iowa president. He helped the Belgins recover too. The Great Depression happened six months after Hoover became president. People weren't buy items now. It started hurting companies and familys.
Republican philosophy
Thrickle-down theory-give tax cuts to rich then it will trickle down and help everyone else, there will be people hired and be paid better, it doesn't happen very quickley
laissez-faire- government will stay out of businesses
rugged individualism- it is your responsibility
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