Essentials for US History--Semester One
1. Students will understand the impact the Industrial Revolution had on the United States.(Ch. 6)
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?
A discovery in the wealth of natural resources- oil and coal and iron ore. Government support for businesses.
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?
Skyscrapers, lightbulb, barbed wire, bessemer process and they let people build up and better way for light and kept animals in one place and turning iron ore into steel.
-What impact did railroads have on the US?
Brought more opportunities like land, adventure, and a new start. Building railroads brought a lot of jobs but very dangerous. Started time zones in the US. Large cities formed because of railroads.
-Why were many people upset with the railroads?
Angry farmers-government gave land grants to businesses instead of settlers. Fixed prices to keep farmers in debt. Made short trips cost more because there wasn't another carrier.
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
Grangers-farmers that were getting angry with the railroads. Granger Laws-established maximum freight and passenger rates and prohibited discrimination. 1886-supreme court ruled that states couldn't regulate railroad costs. Interstate Commererce Act-allowed the federal government to supervise railroad activities and formed an interstate commerce commisssion.
Andrew Carnegie-Carnegie Steel Company.
John D. Rockefeller-Established Standard Oil Company.
Social Darwinism-theory that success and failure in business was governed by natural law and no one had the right to intervene.
monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).
labor unions.
2. Students will understand the impact immigration and urbanization had on the United States.(Ch. 7)
-Why did immigrants come to the US?
By the promise of better life. Escape difficult conditions-famine, land shortages, or religious and political persecution.
-Where did immigrants come from?
Western and northern Europe before 1890. Starting 1890s immigrants from eastern and southern Europe started to increase. About a million people came from Italy, Russia, and Austria-Hungary in 1907 alone. China and Japan.
-What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?
Weren't as many jobs as needed. Ellis Island-not getting let in. Different language or culture that they weren't used to. Viewed as a threat to the American way of life.
-Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?
Didn't like some of the immigrants races. Chinese Exclusion Act-Banned all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials.
3. Students will understand the impact of the Progressive Era on the United States.(Ch. 9)
-Define the Progressive Era and why it started(goals).
Progressive Era-1890s-1920 where people worked to reform the government and correct social problems by taking power away from the rich and giving it to the common people. Goals: Protecting Social Welfare-YMCA and Salvation Army, Promoting Moral Improvement, Fostering Efficiency.
-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?
Prohibition-The banning of alcohol. Because it was destroying American morals. WTCU and Carrie Nation.
-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.
Salvation Army and YMCA.
-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?
The amendment banned the sale, distribution and drinking of alcohol.
-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?
It's when the government runs the businesses.
-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?
Muckrackers: Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines. Ex.-Ida M. Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens and Upton Sinclair.
Assembly line
-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer?
Eight hour workday
The 17th Amendment. Initiative-a bill by the people. Referendum-a bot on the initiative. Recall-vote on the elected official if enough citizens asked for it. Primary System-enabled voters to choose canidates for public office.
-What did the 17th Amendment do?
Made it so each state had to elect senators by direct election (people of a state get to choose) instead of by the state's legislature.
Started working outside the home more-teachers secretaries. Started going to school more. Got the right to vote in 1920.
-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.
Tried to get every state to let women have the right to vote. With parades.
-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.
Susan B. Anthony. Elizabeth Cady Staton. Carrie Nation.
Presidencies of:
Teddy Roosevelt
Howard Taft
Woodrow Wilson
Ex. A strong country taking over a weak country.
brings military power and prestige to your country.
naval bases and refueling stations.
$$$-for natural resources as well a opening new markets to sell your goods.
We got Puerto Rico, Phillipines, and Cuba.
Imperialism became very common with the major powers of the world.
Which countries were most powerful-
Great Britian, France, Japan, Russia, US, Italy, Netherlands, Spain
Utimately led to WW1.
5. Students will understand the causes for US involvement in World War I and the effects it had on the United States.(Ch. 11)
Focus on these topics for the test:
-Causes of WWI:
Militarism (arms race), Imperialism, Nationalism, System of Alliances, and Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand-official started war called the "spark that started the war". Terrorist group in Serbia called Black Hand killed him. Military Alliances.
-Causes for US involvement:
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare-type of naval warefare in which submarines sink non naval boats without warning (Germany sunk a French boat, Sussex) Sussex Pledge-Germany pledged to limit unrestricted submarine warfare. Germans sank the Lusitania which caused the US to join WW1.
American Propaganda-Increase support for the war. Urged people to plant victory gardens, join the war, and greater war production.
-Trench Warfare and weapons:
Trench Warfare-Fighting lines of trenches where troops are immune to enemy small fire arms and some artillery. The result was a slow wearing away of enemies. Area between trenches called "no mans land." Weapons-Advancements in machine guns and rifles, gases, submarines, tanks, and aircrafts.
-US Home Front:
Women played a huge roll in the US being victorious by planting victory gardens.
Women took over a lot of jobs while men were overseas fighting in the war.
US Navy began accepting women during WWl. Better working conditions. Role of Women-changed they did more than just cook and clean.
-Wilson's 14 Points:
Why? The Great War was being fought for a moral cause. Peace in Europe after the war.
1-End secret treaties. 2-Freedom of the seas. 3-Free trade for all countries. 4-Disarmanent. 5-End to colonial claims. 6-Self determination for all countries (mainly Russia). 7-Restoration of Belguim. 8-Restoration of France. 9-Readjustment of Italy's boundaries. 10-Austria-Hungary would be given opportunity for autonomous development. 11-Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored. 12-Turkey should be soverign (free). 13-Poland would be given their independence. 14-The League of Nations would be developed.
Treaty of Versailles:
Brought 9 new nations: Poland, Czechoslovakia, and a kingdom that was later established Yugoslavia. Germany didn't like the treaty they wanted Wilson's 14 points instead. Germany was named the sole country responsible for war and they lost colonies in the Pacific. Germany was not allowed to maintain a big army and returned Alsace-Lorraine to France. Germany paid $33 billion to the Allies. Lost 10% of land to surrounding countries.
6. Students will understand the political, social and economic changes that occurred in the 1920’s in the United States.(Ch. 12/13)
Focus on these topics for the test:
-Roaring 20's:
Known as the jazz age or Golden age of sports or Advertising age. A lot of people had radios for the first time. Automobiles common in America.
-The return to normalcy:
Isolationism. Didn't want to join the League of nations because that would prevent isolationism. Things returned to normal and things boomed
-Red Scare:
People were spreading communism around the country and people were scared. We made sure that we did not become communism. Communism-everyone should be equal. Take from the rich and give to the poor. Karl Marx came up with the idea of communism. US reduced immigration to stop the Red Scare.
-Republican philosophy:
Harding ran to return to normalcy, not joining the league of nations
Harding won the presedentcy in 1920, economy boomed stock market boomed
Coolidge, took over from Harding when he died. didnt do much and everyone loved him
Hoover, iowa native, super popular, helped belgians recover, became president, ironic statement
Republican philosophy- 1920's
Trickle down theory= idea that give tax breaks to the wealthy, eventually trickle down and help middle
and low class
Laissez-faire= business, no regulations
rugged individualism= individual, all about people stepping up to the plate
-Prohibition:
18th Amendment-The manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages was illegal.
Reason it failed-People despised it. Saw it as government meddling in people's lives.
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