You will be asked two questions from 1-4, three questions from WWI and two questions from the 1920's. You need to do answer all of them for the semester test blog.
Essentials for US History--Semester One
1. Students will understand the impact the Industrial Revolution had on the United States.
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?
a discobery in the wealth of natural resources- oil and coal and iron ore
Government support for businesses
growing urban population that provided cheap labor and markets for new products
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?
drilling for oil using steam engine
-What impact did railroads have on the US?
transported goods and people, gave people jobs, established time zones, connected the East and thewest
-Why were many people upset with the railroads?
government gave land grants to businesses and railroads instead of settlers
railroads fixed prices to keep farmers in debt, made short trips cost a lot
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
they established maximum freight and passenger rates and prohibited discrimination
states gained the right to control the railroads so they benefited the farmers and consumers
Interstate Commerce Act- allowed the federal government to supervise railroad activities and formed an interstate commerce commission
Andrew Carnegie.
John D. Rockefeller.
Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?
monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).
labor unions
2. Students will understand the impact immigration and urbanization had on the United States.
-Why did immigrants come to the US?
They thought it would be a better life
some left their country to escape difficult conditions
Push/pull factors
They came to earn money and then go back to their own countries
-Where did immigrants come from?
before 1830-Western and northern europe
After 1830-Eastern adn southern europe
Italy, Russia, and Austria-hungary
one million from these countries
-What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?
Most immigrants traveled by steamships
The trip across the atlantic took a week
The trip acroos the pacific took about 3 weeks
traveled cheapest accommodations
disease spread quickly
some would die before they even got to the US
they would have to pass inspection at Ellis Island
ellis island closed in 1954
processing of immigrants could take 5 hours or more
anyone with contagious disease or serious health problem would be sent home
legal requirements were your ability to work, show you havent committed a crime, show you had some money( at least 20 bucks)
___had to start life over
different culture and language
-Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?
Nativism-favoritism towards native-born americans
Anglo-saxons -German ancestors of english thought they were superior to other ethinic groups
Chinese Exclusion Act- banned all chines except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials
1882-the law was passed for ten year
1902-chinese immagration was restricted
1943- the law was repealed
Gentlemens agreement-japanese segregation
Theodore Roosevelt made a deal with japan
3. Students will understand the impact of the Progressive Era on the United States.
-Define the Progressive Era and why it started(goals).
a time where people worked to reform the government adn correct social problems by taking power from rich and giving it to the poor 1890s-1920
-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?
banning of alchohol. it was destroying america. WTCU, Cari Nation, they made the 18th ammendment.
-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.
salvation army, YMCA
-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?
it banned the sale, distribution and drinking of alchohol
-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?
when the government runs the businesses
-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?
journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business
upton sinclair and lincoln staffens
resulted in legislation such as the pure food and drug act of 1906, childrens labor act
-What did local government do to reform itself during the Progressive Era?
voting, primary system- enabled voters to choose candidates for public office.
-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business?
assembly line
-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer?
8 hour workday
-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor?
they passed laws that limmited hours and better working conditions.
-What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work?
they gave them an 8 hour workday and paid them 5 bucks a day
-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers?
henry ford gave his workers 5 bucks a day. The higher paid and less hours made it so they would
work harder
-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic?
they made the secret ballot, the intiative, the referendum, and the recall.
-What did the 17th Amendment do?
made it so each state had to elect senators by direct election instead of by the states legislatur
-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era.
Voting rights, education
-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.
they pushed for workplace reform, housing reform, educational improvement, food and drug laws
-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.
Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Carrie Nation
-Teddy Roosevelt
Howard Taft
Woodrow Wilson
4. Students will understand the impact imperialism had on the United States and world.
Puerto Rico
- -claimed by the spanish crown in 1493 following clumbus second voyage to the americas
- -in 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule, puerto rico was ceded to the US as a result of the spanish-american war
- -were granted US citizenship in 1917
- -Popularly -elected fovernors have served since 1948
- -IN 1952, a constitution was enacted providing for internal self government.
- -In plebiscites held in 1967,1993, and 1998, voters chose to retain commonwealth status.
- -three options for the future?
- In1898, spain gave control of cuba to the United States with the Treaty of Paris
- In 1902, the US granted Cuba its independence as promised with the Teller amendment
- the US retained the right to intervene to preserve Cuban independence and stability with the Platt Amendment
- the US got control of Guantanamo Bay as well, a naval base we still have control of today
- In 1934, the platt amendment was repealed
The Phillipines
- Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence from spain on June 12, 1898
- After the spanish-american war, the US took over the islands for $20 million in the 1898 Treaty of Paris
- The Philippine-American war broke out after the Filipinos realized that the US would not give them independence
- It ended with American control over the islands
- 12,000-20,000 Filipinos soldiers dead
- 200,000- 1.5 million Filipino civilians die- some contend US committed genocide
- 4,165 US soldiers dead
- In 1935 Philippines was granted Commonwealth Status
- Plans for independence over the next decade were interrupted by WW11when the Japanese invaded and took them over
- allied troops defeated the Japanese in 1945
- On july 4th 1946, the Philippines attained its independance
China
- By the late 1800s it was looking as if China would be carved up like Africa had been
- China wanted to prevent this from happening
- The Boxer Rebellion
- John Hay and the Open Door Policy
Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905
- Japan shocked the world by defeating Russia
- Treaty of Portsmouth
- -Japan Received Southern half of Sakhalin Island from Russia
- -Japan took over Russian interests in Manchuria and Korea
Panama Canal
- French tried to build one but failed
- we bought french companys route for $40 million
- before starting, US had to get permission from columbia
- on November 3, 1903, Pnama declared independence from Columbia
- US and Panama signed a canal deal where US would pay $10 million and an annual rent of $250,000
- had to fight disease
- soft, volcanic soil made it difficult to remove
- 5.600 workers died\
The Roosevelt Corollary
- It was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
- said that the US would be the police officer between Latin America and Europe
- The US would use force to protect interests in Latin America
Speak softly and carry a big stick-Roosevelt
- not going to brag about your power but people know you have power and can use it
- Great White Fleet
Dollar Diplomacy-President Taft
- Using the US government to gaurantee loans made to foreign countries by US banks and businesses
- Economic imperialism
- US banks were in control of many businesses in Latin America
- US said it was needed to keep European powers out of Latin America
- "substituting dollars for bullets"
Why imperialism?
-brings military power and prestige to your country
-Naval bases and refueling stations
-$$$-for natural resources as well as opening new markets to sell your goods(trade)
-belief in cultural superiority- white man's burden
Mckinley: "to take them all and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them"
Taft: we must help our "little brown brothers" in the Filipines
5. Students will understand the causes for US involvement in World War I and the effects it had on the United States.
* Woodrow Wilson issued a Declaration of Neutrality
* American Farms and factories fed and armed allies
Causes for involvement
* unrestricted submarine warfare
* american propaganda
* German dictatirship
* zimmerman note
* us business interests
Submarine warfare
* type of naval warfare
* Germany sunk a french boat, the Sussex, killed 50 people
* Sussex pledge- Germany pledged to limit submarine warfare
* Germany sank the Lusitania
* key reason for US involvement
American Propaganda
* increase support for teh war
* urged people to plant victory gardens, join the war, greater war production
Zimmerman note
*german foreign minister arthur zimmermann was the man who wrote it
*was sent to german minister to mexico
*german wanted mexico to go to war with america
*american press printed it
Focus on these topics for the test:
-Causes of WWI
* militarism, imperialism, and nationalism played a big role
* Arms race
* Assassination in Sarajeu of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
* Military alliances
* MINSA-Causes for US involvement
-Trench Warfare and weapons
* Rifles and Pistols-Main weapons in trenches(15 rounds a min)
* -Bolt Action rifles, Lebel M1886, Mauser Gewehr, Lee enfield
* -Machine Guns, needed 4-6 men to work and on flat surfaces, Gerdner machine gun, hotchkiss, lewis gun, browning machine gun, vickers machine gun, maxim machine gun
* -Artillery, Big bertha, howitzer, skoda 30.5, mills bomb
* -Tanks, little willie-1st tank, char Schneider, mark 1, mark V, the whippet
* -Chlorine gas, burning in throat and chest
* -mustard gas, deadly 12 hours to take affect, internal and external bleeding
* -Submarines, coastal operations, torpedos
* -Aircrafts, planes, zeppelin-airship used for bombing raids
* -bayonet, trenches
* immune to small arms fire and some artillery
* slow wearing of enemies
* area between trenches "no mans land"
* suffered shell shock
-US Homefront
* wilson administration issued the propaganda commitee
* CPI issued pamphlets and films to start war propaganda
* speeches
* posters about conserving meat and food
Anti-German activity
Americanization
Rights-crippling acts
Status of women- began working
Better working conditions
Vigilantism
Department of Labor increased warfare materials
Food and Drug administration
Wilson established over 50,000 new agencies
young men joined army
-Wilson's 14 Points and the Treaty of Versailles
* End to secret treaties
* freedom of the seas
* free trade for all countries
* disarmemant
* end to colonial claims
* self determination for all countries-russia,
* Restoration of Belgium
* Restoration of France
* Readjustment of Italy's boundaries
* Austri-Hungary would be given an opportunity for autonomous development
* Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored
* Turkey should be sovereign
* Poland would be given their independence
* The League of Nations would be developed
Treaty:
* brought new nations Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia
* made Germany upset because they wanted the 14 points
* had to return colonies in Pacific
* no army ish
* Germany signed but US didnt
* Germany had to pay 33 billion to allies
6. Students will understand the political, social and economic changes that occurred in the 1920’s in the United States.
Focus on these topics for the test:
* sports, radios, clothing, advertising, jazz, Nascar, majong
2. A "return to normalcy"
* Harding, won and decided not to join league of nations.
* things returned to normal and things boomed
3. Red Scare
* fear of communism spreading to our country
* Karl Marx- theory of communism
* Vladimir Lenin- Russian person who tries and makes russia person, and then stalin takes over
*Mitchell Palmer- Attorney General and J Edgar Hoover, Charge of FBI, raided people who they thought were communists
4. Buying on credit
* Buy now pay later
5. Planes and automobiles
* Route 66
* Henry Ford-Assembly Line, interchangable parts
* Model T
* Charles Lindbergh "lucky lindy"
* Amelia Earhart
6. Prohibition
* 18th amendment (1920-1933)
* manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages was illegal
* believed alcohol brought corruption and stuff
* alcohol was allowed for medicinal and religious purposes
* prescriptions and sacramental wine order skyrocketed
7. Republican presidents and philosophy-Harding, Coolidge, Hoover
* Harding ran to return to normalcy, not joining the league of nations
* Harding won the presedentcy in 1920, economy boomed stock market boomed
* Coolidge, took over from Harding when he died. didnt do much and everyone loved him
* Hoover, iowa native, super popular, helped belgians recover, became president, ironic statement
* Republican philosophy- 1920's
Trickle down theory= idea that give tax breaks to the wealthy, eventually trickle down and help middle
and low class
Laissez-faire= business, no regulations
rugged individualism= individual, all about people stepping up to the plate
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