I learned that there are numerous things that caused the Industrial Revolution some of which included. One reason was that the United States had numerous amounts of natural resources. Another reason was the United States Government had a laissez faire approach and they stayed out of the businesses way, had very few laws, and always sided with the businesses. I learned that another reason was that the U.S. had a growing urban population and the immigrants provided cheap labor. I also learned that another reason is that the United States who believed in industry such as Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and other wealthy people. I learned that they were called Captains of Industry and Robber Barons. The final reason that I learned that caused the Industrial Revolution to take off was that the U.S. now had oil, railroads, and the Bessemer Steel Process. Some inventions that had on effect on our lives were the inventions of the light bulb, typewriter, and the telephone. I learned that the typewriter was invented by Christopher Scholes; his invention revolutionized businesses because they could now keep records and take notes. Another invention that I learned about was the telephone. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell; it made the world flat and made it easier to communicate. The final invention that we talked about was the light bulb by Thomas Edison. I learned that it worked during the day and night and made the working days longer.
2. Students will understand the impact immigration and urbanization had on the United States.
I learned that people came to the U.S because of the promise of better life people came through the "Golden Door" to escape difficult conditions such as famine, land shortages, or political or religious persecution.
I learned that some people wanted to put a restriction on immigration because native-born workers feared that their jobs would be taken by immigrants that would work for lower wages. In 1917 Congress passed a bill that required that all immigrants coming into the country would have to pass a litercy test. I learned that one restriction was the Chinese Exclusion Act. The act banned entry of all Chinese except for students, teachers, merchants, tourist, and government officials. I also learned about another restriction was the Gentlemen’s Agreement, the Japanese Government would limit immigration if the San Francisco segregation order would be stopped.
I learned that some reasons that cities started to grow so quickly in this time period include, that immigrants moved to cities because there were factories that they would be able to work in a get paid. Another reason is because farmers started to move to cities because in this period of time it cost a lot of money to farm, so they moved to cities. They moved to cities because they could work in factories and get a steady income, I also learned about this.
I learned that because the cities grew so fast, the cities started to have many problems because of the increase in population. One reason was that there were very many fires because the houses were made of wood and built very close together. I learned that some other reasons are that the cities did not have very good police protection, very little firefighter, and the people in the cities would throw their garbage out of their windows into the streets. Another reason is that the cities did not have clean water and the having running water was very rare. The people in the cities did not know how to make the water safe to drink, so they would get sick from the bacteria in the water, I also learned about this. There was also very little public transportation.
I learned that one way people tried to help the citizen of the cities was to form settlement house. These houses gave the poor people as well as immigrants, a place to live and get taught. I also learned that the police and firefighters got better training so they could stop the numerous amounts of fires and crime. They also started to build the houses out of better materials that wouldn't burn as much. The cities also started to get parks, more public transportation (the car was invented during this time), street lights, and entertainment; this is what I learned about.
3. Students will understand the impact of the Progressive Era on the United States.
The Progressive era was a period of time between 1890 and the early 1900's when a lot of change came about to help the common people. The four goals of Progressivism protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reform, and fostering efficiency.
-women learned that women started to get a higher education by attending college. The women of this time also started to work outside of their homes. I also learned that they started to work in textile mills and worked as telephone operators. They also pushed so that they could get the right to vote, which eventually did happen. They also pushed for prohibition and got many laws passed. Another thing I learned was that Title Nine was the act that allowed women to be able to play sports in school. A lot of people thought that Title Nine was bringing down men’s sports.
-workers, learned that the Progressives made factory work safer by changing the working hours from 12 to 15 hours to around 10 hours per day. The Nationals Consumers League was led by Florence Kelly and they went around the country talking about workers safety. I learned that today OSHA can go into businesses and make sure that they are keeping their workers safe. We also get paid if we get injured on the job, but before they would just fire you. That is what I learned about worker's safety. Next we talked about Workmen's Compensation. Before the Progressive Era if you were hurt in while working the business owner would just fire them and did not have to pay the hurt worker. I learned that the Progressives passed the Workmen's Compensation laws that said if you were hurt on the job, the worker would get paid during the were on leave. Some companies even started death benefits. learned wages before the Progressive Era were very bad and low. Usually companies would hire children because they would work for less money than adults. The Progressives tried to pass laws that about wages and they got the Minimum Wage Law was passed in 1938. I also learned that the Equity Pay Act was an act that was passed to have men and women paid equally. Henry Ford was the first person to set a minimum wage. Another thing I learned was that he set minimum wage at 5 dollars a day for working eight hours.
-consumers, I learned that before the Progressive Era there was a lot of food without labels or expiration dates. The Progressives passed laws that said that the food had to have labels and expiration dates on them. It was started by the USDA so people would not get sick from bad meat. I also learned that there was a book was called The Jungle. In the book Upton Sinclair gave examples of what was going on the meat packing industry. When people ate meat they were not eating only the beef but also things like rats, feces, rat poisons, saw duct which got a lot of people sick from ecoli and things like that. The Meat Inspection Act made meat safer to eat. Another thing that I learned was that There were also a lot of drugs that were placebos and contained addictive drugs. The Pure Food & Drugs Act made it so food and drugs were safer to consume.
-poor/children, The Progressives pressured politicians to pass the Keating-Owen Law. I learned that the Keating-Owen Law stated that if children made something in a state, it couldn’t be taken to another state by anyone. The Progressives also limited the amount of time or hours children could work. The maximum amount of time was 15 hours. I also learned that children would not fight back, create labor unions, and could do some things better so business owners wanted to hire them. They could also reach smaller parts and were usually hurt on the job because of fatigue. Another thing I learned is that the children were hurt the most out of all the factory workers. Today you have to be 14 years old to work at a business.
-banks I learned was that the Federal Reserve System was a system of banks Woodrow Wilson was the person that created the Federal Reserve System. It is called the banker's bank; it also strengthened the bank system in the U.S. There are 12 federal banks and 25 branches of these banks. The FRS could basically control inflation and deflation
4. Students will understand the impact imperialism had on the United States and world.
I learned that Imperialism is when strong powerful countries go and take control of smaller weaker countries. Bigger countries colonized because of natural resources. Countries started to colonize to get more money, power, land, establishing naval bases, refueling stations, "to uplift, civilize, and Christianize people" as said by McKinley, and natural resources and trade. When we expanded we got Hawaii and Alaska. Alaska was thought to be a waste of money but when it we found oil there it was worth the money we paid for it. Hawaii was good because we got sugar cane without tax.
We got a lot of land from wars. We got Guam, Philippines, and Puerto Rice from the Spanish-American War. We created Open Door Policy with China. This meant that there was free trade and it kind of saved China from other countries from taking it over so they could have some of their wealth.
5. Students will understand the causes for US involvement in World War I and the effects it had on the United States.
One of the reasons the United States got into war was because of Great Britain and Germany stopping our ships. Another reason was that Germany was sinking British ships, killing US citizens that were on board. The main ships sunk were the Lusitania, Arabic, and the Sussex. When Wilson called for peace, the Germans used “unrestricted submarine warfare”, meaning they would sink all ships in British waters where they were hostile or not. This related directly to the United States being drawn to the war. The Zimmerman Note, which was telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico, was another reason the United States entered. It proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany. The telegram promised that if war with the United States broke out, Germany would support Mexico in recovering Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. This angered many in the United States. Wilson had said he would wait for “overt actions” before declaring war and this was one of them. Other reasons the United States entered the war included, that the trade with England had been on the increase while trade with Germany had been declining, the war hawks, the British and American propaganda, and the Preparedness Program of 1915. The munitions business also helped push the United States into the war. They had been shipping war supplies to the Allies and were making lots of money because of the war.
Nine new countries emerged. Germany had to pay war reparations-$33 billion. They paid $500 million per year for 66 years. Germany lost territory and colonies. Germany had to disarm. They could have no air force and an army of only 100,000. They also couldn’t have tanks and subs, limited to ships. Germany could have no alliances. War Guilt Clause—said Germany had to take total responsibility for WW1. League of Nations established—Goals were to prevent future wars and use economic sanctions and arbitration to settle disputes. Germany and USSR excluded.
6. Students will understand the political, social and economic changes that occurred in the 1920’s in the United States.
_Political_
nativism- not wanting immigrants
isolationism- keeping to ourselves-no foreign affairs
KKK- white men who didn't like African Americans
Quota System- limited number of foreigners that could enter the U.S.
strikes- people stopped working to get something for themselves
communism- everything controlled by dictator
the red scare was America fearing we would become communist
limiting immigration- stopped immigration.. thought they would be communist
The Kellog Briand Pact was signed by sixty countries and it outlawed wars. The Dawes Plan was when America loaned Germany 2.5 million dollars and they would in turn pay France and Great Britain, but then France and Great Britain would pay us. We were basically paying ourselves. The Teapot Dome Scandal was when Albert B. Fall loaned the Navy’s oil supply to a company and then got “gifts”
_Economic_
The Fordney McCumber Tariff raised the tax rate on imported goods 60%. The 60% increase was the highest ever in history. There were a lot of strikes in the 1920s because the common person was upset with the high tariff and could not pay for things as well. The tariff helped businesses but all in all hurt the consumer. This was considered alright because the government still was on the big businesses side. The result of the tariff was that some countries could not sell any good here because they did not make any money at all. The Fordney McCumber Tariff was one of the causes of the Great Depression. The automobile and the creation of Route 66 let families go more places together. The expansion of the automobile industry oil industries and other construction companies boomed. Roads were made and gas stations were built. Presidents Hoover and Coolidge had a laissez-faire approach. They thought we were supposed to use the laws of supply and demand. Taxes increased that supported education because there were more kids going to schools so they needed more money. The taxes mainly went up because we had to educate a lot of people. During the Great Depression a lot of schools shut down because they did not have enough tax money.
_Social_
Prohibition led to more organized crimes such as bootlegging and speakeasies. Speakeasies were places where people would go and secretly drink alcohol and also gamble. Bootleggers were the people that made and distributed their own homemade alcohol. Automobiles changed the lives of people completely because they could go other places then their hometowns. There were also drive-in movies which let people spend time alone. Airplanes also changed the society. Originally they were made to deliver mail, but they become used for transportation. Another thing was advertising. The people believed everything that the advertisements were saying. Radios made sporting events more popular because it made allowed people to listen to them. Also more kids started to go to high school in the 1920’s. Crosswords also became more popular and also Mah Jong. The Harlem Renaissance was when Africans could show their talents, sign, and perform.
7. Students will understand the causes and effects of the Great Depression.
Causes of Great Depression
Some of the causes of the Great Depression included: bank failures, savings and bank runs, business bankruptcy, unemployment, , uneven distribution of wealth, industries in trouble, housing starts fall, price-supports, agriculture surplus, less money, low standard of living, stock market crash, and Black Tuesday
Effects
The effects of the Great Depression included banks closed, people loss jobs, people loss homes Shantytowns, farm foreclosures, soup kitchens, hobos became common, suicide, malnourished children, schools closed, tenant farming and the Dust Bowl.
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