First Semester:
1. What are the main historic events that took place in 8th Grade US History that helped shape the United States up to 1877?(10 points)-Chapters 1-4
Native Americans - came across the land bridge following animals (food), land was very important to them, helped pilgrims learn how to farm and survive, Europeans brought over diseases and other things that drove them away, “Trail of Tears” settlers pushed them to Oklahoma away from their settlements, in 1890’s they surrendered to the Europeans, tried to “Americanize” them
Exploration - Columbus was looking for a faster trade route, tried to “Christianize” people we took over to make it look better and okay, Micgelin was first person to travel the world, sailed for Spain, Francisco Pizarro - Spanish conquered the Incas in South America, Cortez- everyone thought he was a god and gave him gold and he destroyed Aztecs and NA tribes helped, Ponce De Leon - fountain of youth, Sir Francis Drake (English) raided Spanish - (England) Henry Cabot - explored northern U.S.
Revolutionary War - (1775-1783) Britain forced people to take in soldiers, if a crime happened they have to go to Britain and get charged, Declaration was ratified - complaints against Great Britain, gained independence on July 4, 1776
U.S. Constitution - (1789) protects our rights, Separation of Powers→ Judicial, Executive, Legislative, President: commander in chief of the army, signs and vetoes, make treaties, appoint people to cabinet. Legislative: Congress, makes laws, declare war, approve presidential appointments, agree to treaties. House of Representatives: based on pop. of state. Senate: 2 per state. Judicial Branch: supreme court, final say in laws, get choice in cases, 9 people in court, members for life or until retire (everyone else in terms). Amendments - first 10 Bill of Rights
1) religion, speech, press, petition.
2) right to bear arms
3) housing of troops-not relevant today
4-6) search and seizures rights, have to have cause, due process rights - right to tell your side of story, no self incrimination , plead the 5th- don't say anything - cannot be charged with the same crime twice . 6- right to lawyer 8-cruel and unusual punishment
12) opposing parties in presidency would argue
13) slavery
14) blacks us citizens due process rights
15) voting rights for AA ,all post civil war Checks and Balances- to make sure no system is more powerful than the other
Reconstruction - (1865-1877) period of time when southern states had to be rebuilt physically, socially, economically, through the government, brought back to the Union. President Lincoln and Johnson wanted it to be easy for the South to move on. Southern Democrat Johnson - congress hated. Republican Radical Reconstruction - split South into 5 military districts controlled by U.S. Army. 13th, 14th, 15th amendment passed. Big time for Blacks. Freedmen s Bureau set up to help former slaves. South was taken over by "carpetbaggers" (northerners going south to work on government - started schools, industrialize, helped ex slaves) and "scalawags" (the "traitors" of the South who helped carpetbaggers”). Many Northerners went down to steal money and get things out of the South. Traditional rich white racist males took over and North were left. Segregation Laws- separate schools, buses, Jim Crow Laws. AA were more towards Republicans. Then Democrat president came along and passed Civil Rights act in 60's. End of Reconstruction - Compromise of 1877 - unwritten deal between N and S settled heavy US dispute 1876. Tilden(D) won vote- ahead of Hayes(R) with electoral. 4 states were disputed - compromise Hayes becomes president. Troops leave Shout. Reconstruction end and rich whites took over south.
2. How did the US change during the late 1800's and early 1900's?(10 points)-Chapters 5-8
Moving west - lots of resources (buffalo) and space, gold rush
Industrial revolution - factories provided lots of jobs, machinery improvements, inventions, railroads
Immigration - about 20 million Europeans, about a million from Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Russia, because of religions, settle, farm lands, Ellis Island & Angel Island
Segregation - African Americans excluded from public secondary education, had to go to private schools, Freedmen’s Bureau helped get higher education for blacks, voting was changed so blacks wouldn't be able to understand it (only people who could read, written in a foreign language, asked more difficult questions, etc.), officials were able to pass or fail applicants, Jim Crow Laws (segregation laws)
3. What impact did the Progressives have on the United States?(10 points)-Ch. 9
Amendments 16 (created income tax),17 (lets people elect the senators),18 (prohibition of alcohol),19 (gave women right to vote), acts are still around today (except 18), Federal reserve bank, benefited work conditions, educated people on labor boards, set up 8 hour work day, wanted to ban extreme child labor, wanted to have clean, safe environments for workers, put in place Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act, Clayton and Sherman Antitrust Acts were put in place to get rid of big monopolies so that small businesses would have more opportunity, wanted to create a better life for people
4. Describe US Foreign Policy in the late 1800's and early 1900's and be able to give examples.(10 points)-Ch. 10
New diplomacy – were isolationists, then went to new diplomacy, imperialistic: U.S. went out and to conquer territory to create empire,
Big Stick Diplomacy – speak softly carry a big stick
Spanish American war - causes: sinking of USS Maine, the Yellow Press, De Lome letter; April 25 of 1898 U.S declared war on Spain, Imperialists went after other opportunities, Treaty of Paris in 1898 brought an official end to the war, Spain gave Cuba independence (kind of) - U.S got control of the Philippines ($20 million), Guam, and Puerto Rico
Roosevelt Corollary - addition to Monroe Doctrine, states that the U.S. will intervene 9”police officer” in conflicts between European countries and Latin American countries to enforce legitimate claims of the European powers, rather than having the Europeans press their claims directly
Dollar diplomacy - Using the US government to guarantee loans to foreign countries by US banks and businesses, President Taft's policy of encouraging Americans to invest in Latin America, Economic imperialism - controlling their money and businesses and resources, land, etc.; US banks were in control of many businesses in Latin America, US said it was needed to keep European powers out of Latin America, "Substituting dollars for bullets"
Monroe Doctrine - stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention, also says that the United States would neither interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries
5. What impact did World War I have on the United States?(10 points)-Ch. 11
Casualties, costs, put us back to isolationism, concerned with joining league of nations, bringing us into wars, lots of propaganda and homefront efforts
6. What impact did the United States have on World War I?(20)
Factories, women and home front, gave money and supplies to allies, league of nations
7. What positive and negative impact did the 1920's have on the United States? (20 points)-Ch. 12-13
Positive - good music, stock market booming, sports, automobile, route 66, Charles Lindbergh ("Lucky Lindy"), Amelia Earhart, movies, Harlem Renaissance
Negative -
organized crime
the Red Scare 1919-1920
Karl Marx - founder of communism
1919 – 1920
Communism
Fearful that communism would come to the US and overtake us
Hated communism
Took people’s rights away
Ku Klux Klan
Harlem Renaissance
Things were getting better for African-Americans
KKK reemerged because of this
Immigration
Greatly reduced
Tried to keep communism out of the US
Keep dark skinned people out
Keep Americans WASP
Teapot Dome Scandal
Stock market crash – 1929
Farmers weren’t doing very well, over production
Prohibition
1920-1933
Women and children wanted it, were getting abused
18th amendment – made it illegal to manufacture, transport, and sell alcohol
Failed for three reasons:
People despised it, thought government was meddling in people’s lives
The Prohibition Bureau was underfunded, had 1.500 people to supervise the country
Organized crime became commonplace
Speakeasies
To obtain alcohol illegally, people went underground to secret bars
Could be anywhere
Had to have a card or password to get in
Bootleggers
Illegally making or distributing alcohol
People that made or transported alcohol
Names because people carried liquor in the legs of boots
Most imported alcohol came in from Canada, Cuba, or West Indies
Semester Test Blog-10 points
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