7. Students will understand the causes and effects of the Great Depression.
- Stock market crash, money that was invested by banks was lost. Nobody was spending money, people lost their jobs, and no one would spend money. Vicious cycle.
1. Students will understand the impact the Great Depression and New Deal had on the US.
2. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of WWII.
- Treaty of Versailles- Was the cause of everything to come leading up to WWII. It was the official treaty that ended WWI...Woodrow Wilson was the U.S. president at the time. Germany and the Soviet Union wanted to get land back when it was divided up helping the cause of WWII. Hitler thought that anyone who spoke the German language should live in Germany. (Treaty of Versailles: Germany lost land-given to France, Belgium ,Denmark, Czechoslovakia,Poland.)-Invading Poland-Hitler Wanting expansion
Major Events:
- Manhatten Project-code name for the development of the atomic bomb. General Leslie Groves was in charge of this atomic bomb project. He also was in charge of the scientists. The scientist that was in charge was J Robert Oppenheimer, he was an american who happened to be a communist. Los alomos is where we created the bomb. Alamagordo, New Mexico was a waste land where we tested the bomb. (The test was called the Trinity Test.) Groves was excited when he saw the bomb. After the testing, everything turned to Japan. There was no plane big enough to carry these atomic bombs, the B29 super fortriss plane was called Enola Gay. Paul Tibbits was the main pilot. Two bombs were the uranium and plutonium. Hiroschima and Nagasaki are the two places we dropped bombs.
- D-Day Operation Overlord- Stands for Day of Days. Largest invasion in world history. Allied invasion of Nazi controlled France. Took place on Omaha Beach.
- Operation Barbarossa-Battle of Stalingrad-after 90% of the city controlled, soviets were able to finally to push back. Germany never got all of Stalingrad, only 90% of it. Battle of Moscow- German advance on Moscow was very close to achieving his goals. The winter months helped the Soviets out a lot. Soviets were going to win, it was just a matter of time. Hitler believed Moscow would lead to the collapse of the country. Soviets pushed back Germany when Germany was only 12 miles away! Siege of Leningrad-(surrounding leningrad to take over. Like a bombardment.) One of the longest, destructive in history. Also, most costly in terms of casualties. Hitler did not want to feed people. Reports of cannibalism!-after all birds, rats, and pets were eaten by survivors. Hungry gangs attacked and ate defenseless people. A police force formed a special unit to combat cannibalism. Leningrad pushed back finally and Germany never got leningrad.
- Battle in the Pacific-Baton Death March-60 mile forcible transfer of 75,000 American and Filipino POW's to a POW camp; was characterized by physical abuse and murder.due to this, Japanese officials faced war crimes after the war.Battle of Leyte Gulf-we massively destroyed anything Japan had left. (Japanese Navy.) Japan is still fighting to the death...we bombed japan alot. This battle ended because we sunk their navy. This was a major naval battle between the Japanese Navy and Allied naval air forces from the US and Australia. Battle of Coral Sea-while japan sunk more ships than the Allies did, it was a strategic victory for the Allies as it was the first time we stopped the Japanese from advancing. Battle of Midway-Widely regarded as the most important naval battle against Japan because after this battle we destroyed alot of their ships.(more than they could make, another reason why we won the war.) We were now on offence. Japan was attacking us. Guadalcanal-Marked the transition by the Allies from defensive operations to offensive, that resulted in Japan's eventual surrender and the end of WWII. This was the first battle that the US was on the offensive. Iwo Jima-was a massive battle for us. There were two flag raisings. First one was too small.
EFFECTS
- Yalta conference-The fate of post-war Europe was dictated at this conference. Compromise- Germany would be broken into four occupation zones (US,GB,France, and USSR) and became eastern Germany.
- Nuremburg Trials- In Nuremburg Germany for war crime trials after WW2. Hermann Goering explained what he did with Germany as a leader of LufWafe.
- Japanese Internment Camps in US- We forced Japanese to sell everything and go to Internment Camps, (one of the bad things we did.) Kind of like army barracks in desolate areas. We said it was for their safety but we just didnt trust them. We allowed them to play sports and work. We basically isolated them away from us.
Millions of deaths! Countries became ruined by the bombing.
3. Students will understand how/why the Allies won WWII.
ULTRA and MAGIC secret helped us win the war.
The women were the ones who made our weapons, so we had more weapons than other countries. Worked in factories and WAVES(women’s navy), WASP(Army service pilots.)
Navajo Code Talkers
We made stuff for the war (women did), war labor board(Made sure workers got along with eachother.), war production board(Working hard at work wins the war.)
Henry Kaiser (owner of a ship building company)--by the end of the war, we were making more ships and everything else (war goods) than any of the other countries combined...
Hollywood in WWII: They made propaganda films and helped to get people to buy war bonds and boost morale. Bob Hope (comedian); made movies and comedy shows--USO tour (the US tried to get as many comedians and singers to go and entertain soldiers in Korea and other places to give soldiers some time off and give them something to look forward to and enjoy.)--John Wayne did a lot of WWII movies as well as westerns; he was one of the bigger actors and really got his name during WWII.
African-Americans-Significant role in WW2. Fought in front lines, flew airplanes, did everything a white person would do in WW2 but in a discriminated fashion.
4. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of the Cold War.
-political struggle and idealogical struggle between US and Soviet Union after WW2 over communisma and democracy.
Causes-Red Scare-democracy and communism-nuclear arms race-didnt get along in WW2,
major events- (Bay of pigs, berlin wall,cubin missile crisis,)
how did it end-(detente, salt, russian invasion of afghanistan, the new leader(gorbachev), ronald reagan,)
Causes:
United States v. Soviet Union. Democratics(freedom) v. Communists(controls you). 1945-1990. differences in gov't, US didn't like it and thought that they would try to push communists to us and other countries. Free Trade- we thought that it would be good for us, Soviet Union didn't like it. US thought that Soviet Union wanted to over-power us, and they thought we wanted to over-power them (rivalry). Separating Germany into 4 parts Britain, France, US=West, Soviet Union=East. They didn't know what to do with Europe. Tensions between controlling Germany and the gov't there help start the war. Soviet Union didn't like Truman Doctrine- US can help any country that is threatened by communism, or the Marshall Plan- US rebuilding European countries. Atomic Bomb- US and Soviet Union both had nuclear weapons, but agreed not to use them, but intensified the Cold War. Truman didn't like Stalin- he said the only thing Stalin understood was us going to war with him. Red Scare.
Major Events:
China becoming Communist-Mao-2 groups were the republic of china (Taiwan/Nationalists) and the people's republic of china( mainland of china/communists). After Kaishels army was pushed to taiwan the communists controlled most of all of mainland China.
Cuban Misslie Crisis- I should know this. Did project on it.
Berlin Blockade- Soviet Union blocked the railroads going into Berlin to block supply line to stop other countries from taking over Berlin and not becoming communist, we created the idea of organizing the "Berlin Airlift,” our planes dropped tons of supplies(mostly food). Allied forces wanted to repair Germany and Soviets wanted to destroy it to not have to worry about it anymore. Stalin and the "Red Army" set up in East Germany while the US was in West Germany. Blockade lasted about 11 months. We set up an airlift called "Berlin Airlift" for planes to drop in supplies and food for the Berlin people. 12-13 tons of supplies a day. We airlifted supplies to not have a war by destroying the wall, soviet union didn’t want to attack us b/c they didn't want to start a war, this led to taking down the wall, it was useless.
The Nuclear Arms Race- After both nations possessed the nuclear weapons, a race began to get better, efficient, and more higher quality bombs, intercontinental Ballistic Missiles were created, could deliver missiles all over world, missiles best form of nuclear weapons, Soviets launched Sputnik satellite, US feared that they might launch a nuclear missile attack that would reach any part of the world, major rold in starting the space race. Satellites were designed to detect a nuclear strike before it happened, large bunkers made to save leaders and citizens built fallout shelters, people taught to react to nuclear strike. Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) was the US and USSR's mutual understand that a nuclear strike from either side would cause massive damage to both parties, this came into play when both sides realized they both had enough power to destroy the other side, second strike- if one side would strike first, the other side would send a bomb to destroy the first side. This is when MAD came into effect. other countries UK, China, started making smaller amounts of nuclear weapons. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) reducing the nuclear weapons.
Soviet Union invades Afghanistan-Mujadeen against Afhan people and soviet union!- Soviet Union invaded in 1979 for about 8 years, Soviets financed the Afghans and lead some of their military. They wanted to help strengthen communists power of Afghanistan civil war between Soviet Union and Afghan. "holy war"- guerrillas started turning the Soviet army around when the soldier started losing motivation to keepy fighting.Gorbachev took Soviet Union out of Afghanistan saying he wanted better western relations and a better economy. in Moscow the two coutries signed a peace agreement and the Soviets would withdraw from Afghanistan. many died or wounded. Carter put an embargo against Soviet Union. Us boycotted the Moscow Olympics, Afghans competed.
Perestroika and Glasnost- Opening and restructuring. (change because Soviet Union was dying.) Russian words. Reagan's mission was no nuclear weapons. wanted to persuade soviet union to allow for more democracy and free speech to lead to reform. To end Communism. INF Treaty- Inetermediate Range Nuclear Force Treaty-eliminated nuclear and conventinal ground launches, reduce nuclear missiles.
The Berlin Wall Coming Up and Going Down- 1961- constructed by the Communist. Soviet workers tore up the streets in Berlin and put in a barbed wire wall, in 1965 concrete wall was built. To keep the people in East Berlin in. they wanted to keep the East Berlin people from escaping the Communist gov't. East Berlin wanted the benefits that West Berlin had like democracy. people would jump out of the buildings over the wall, tried to climb the wall, tried to destroy the wall, build tunnels under the wall to escape. The consequences of trying to escape- losing jobs, family, killed, injured. Border opened in 1989, wall taken down 1990.
Effects:
Revolution of Cold War- Poland,Hungary,East Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia got rid of communism and became democratic.
Poland-in 1989, people were allowed to vote again.
Hungary-had broken free.
East Germany-East Germany would escape and go up through hungary to west Germany.
Czechoslovakia-Velvet Revolution" saw to overthrow communism.
Soviet Union-Warsaw Pact-soivet's alliance with eastern Europe.
Gorbachev and Bush declared a US-Soviet partnership, marking the end of the cold war.
5. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of the Korean Conflict.
1950-1953. After WW2, Korea was split into two parts. North and South. North invades south korea in 1950 to get communism. UN soldiers, mostly US soldiers, push back and get into north korea near chinese border. We pushed back and forth. China thought we were going to invade them so they invade north korea. An armistice was signed, not a treaty. So still at war today. Today there is a demilitarized zone. (Border.) Still today they are at war, they have nuclear weapons.
6. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of the Vietnam Conflict.
This took place in Vietnam from 1950-1975. French, US, North and South Vietnam,
Our goal was to stop communism. Goal of north vietnam wanted US and France out and left independent. Ho Chi Minh goes and asks for independence from France. He was our allie.
We couldnt let vietnam turn to communism because other countries would then to (domino effect.)
Escalation going up (more and more involved).(Money to french to try and defeat communism. Eisenhower and Military Advisors were sent. in 1964 green berets(best of the best) and more advisors were sent by JFK, Johnson had Golf of Tonkin Revolution. Congress gave him this revolution so he could send or do whatever he wanted to stop communism. More and more combat troops were sent. 1968 is when the vietnam war began to deescalate (become less popular.) Then De-escalation-going down.
7. Students will understand the causes and effects of the Persian Gulf Wars as well as the War on Terror.
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