Students will understand the impact the Great Depression and New Deal had on the US.
-The Great Depression started in 1929 and went to like the early 1940’s. The 20’s were great for everyone. They were buying all the time. Every time something new came out they would buy it. Now, all these people weren’t rich, they were just buying on credit. They would buy it on credit and pay for it later. This caused a lot of problems because people would buy too much and they wouldn’t be able to pay it back.
-The Farmers were struggling because they had way too much food production. They had so much food because they were used to growing crops for the war. This then raised the prices and people couldn’t afford to buy these products so the farmers weren’t making any money.
-A lot of banks were failing as well. People would come and take all their money out because they didn’t want to lose it. Then the banks would go bankrupt and people would lose their money.
-The Stalk Market was also crashing. This is pretty much what started the Great Depression.
-The Great Depression affected everyone. The rich were becoming poor and the poor were becoming more poor.
-FDR came up with the New Deal and it was this huge organization made up of a whole bunch of smaller organizations and they were made to create jobs.
-The New Deal
The New Deal was from 1933-1934. It helped the Great Depression. It gave a lot of people jobs and stuff. They kind of tried the trickle down theory. They would give money to the banks and big businesses and they thought that it would allow them to give people jobs. It kind of worked but they needed a second New Deal.
-The Second New Deal was aimed more at the common people and creating jobs for them. It helped the:
-unemployed- The RFC gave money to banks, small businesses and the government to help get people more jobs.
Most of the members of the CCC were unemployed before. This was created during the first 100 days. It was to help people who were unemployed because it gave them jobs. They would receive 30 dollars a month and they were given an education.
-farmers- The RFC gave loans to farmers.
-factory workers/labor- Passed in 1933 and prevented unfair labor practices. It allowed people to join labor unions. This was a big thing because companies had to allow labor unions. It was successful until 1947 when the government passed another law.
-banks/business- The RFC gave money to the banks to give out loans.
-consumers- food and drug act.
It wanted to help give Relief, Reform, and Recovery. The Relief was for the unemployed and struggling businesses. Reform was for economic, banking, stock market and business systems. Recovery from the depression, building houses and stuff.
2. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of WWII.
-Pearl Harbor- Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941 by Japanese soldiers. The Japanese came in two waves. They attacked by planes only. The first wave was to take out major ships and major things. The second attack was to take out anything they could. They were supposed to have a third wave, but they thought they did enough damage. They attacked us because we wouldn’t trade with them and they needed supplies. So, they attacked us. The next day we entered the war against Japan.
-D-Day- It was on June 6, 1944. We invaded the Germans at Normandy and Omaha beach. We were trying to liberate Europe from Nazi control. This was the largest invasion ever. They even like practiced for it and stuff. There weren’t many U.S. casualties and we were able to take them and push into the country a lot faster than expected.
-Atomic bombing- So, we made some atomic bombs. Then during WWII, to get Japan to surrender, we bombed them. We bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It completely destroyed the cities. Japan then surrendered.
-Africa/European Front- There were a lot of battles that went on in Africa. There was a battle in North Africa and it was really important for the allied powers because it was the only battle where we could take the axis. All of the battles were fought in North Africa and we just kept pushing the axis powers out to the sea.
-Pacific Front- Well, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor so we wanted to get them back. We started Island Hopping. We just kept taking over the islands that were near Japan. We never invaded Japan because we bombed them and they surrendered.
3. Students will understand how/why the Allies won WWII.
-The allied powers had so much more supplies because the U.S. could just keep producing things. The axis powers couldn’t keep up. We also had more technology because of UTLRA and MAJIC, which were codes that made us able to detect the axis codes. Germany made a mistake when they turned on the Soviet Union.
4. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of the Cold War.
-The Cold War was between the Soviet Union and the United States. The U.S. was totally against communism and the Soviet Union was communist. We didn’t like this at all. Germany was split into four zones and four different zones owned by the U.S., Soviet Union, Great Britain and France. There was a lot of conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States. We were making an atomic bomb and we didn’t tell the Soviet Union and they found out and thought we didn’t trust them. We really didn’t because they were communist. The Bolshevik Revolution is when we started not liking communism. The Red Scare was when we were trying to get communists out of our country.
b. Policy of Containment
-George Keenan came up with this to stop communism from taking over the world. He wanted to prevent the domino effect.
-domino effect- It was a theory that if the Soviet Union took over more countries and turned them communist then soon all the surrounding countries would become communist.
-mutual deterrence-when two people have bombs and they don’t want to attack eachother.
Iron Curtain Speech-Winston Churchill gave this speech and said that Europe was split into two zones, east communist and west democratic. This is what started the cold war.
-massive retaliation-When someone would attack and then we would just attack bigger.
-Truman Doctrine-This was the U.S. strategy for containment. We wanted to establish NATO. It helped Greece and Turkey because we sent them money so they could fight off communism.
-Marshall Plan-It was a plan to rebuild Western Europe. We gave them money so they could rebuild their economy. There were a lot of cities that were destroyed and we thought we should rebuild them so they could fight off communism. We also offered money to Eastern Europe but the Soviet Union wouldn’t allow it.
-NATO-It was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It was a military alliance between pretty much all the democratic countries. They were all in northern Europe and they were bordering the Atlantic Ocean. They signed the North Atlantic Treaty and they would help out any country that was being attacked by another. They would not help invade.
c. Both Berlin Crises
-The Berlin Blockade took place in Germany in 1941-1949. The Soviet Union blocked the U.S. from sending supplies into Berlin. We then just used planes to drop supplies into Berlin. The Yalta Conference split Germany into four parts. They were controlled by the U.S., U.K., S.U. and France. The Soviet Union had control of Berlin. Stalin thought that by blocking us from sending supplies, we would then retreat, but we didn’t.
-Berlin Wall
--Well, Germany was split and the western half was controlled by allied powers. The west was much better off because they were free to have their own land, while on the east side they weren’t allowed land. People didn’t like it on the east, so they went west. Then Stalin put a wall up to separate east from west. It went all around the east side of Berlin and nobody was allowed in or out. After about 28 ish years, the wall was opened on Nov. 9 of 1989. Both sides were finally united.
d. The Red Scare--McCarthyism and HUAC
-The Red Scare was when we were shipping people out of the country if we thought they were communist.
-HUAC is the Committee of Un-American Activities. They would interrogate people that were accused of being communist. The Hollywood Ten were ten people who were accused of being communist and they were black listed which means that they had a very hard time getting a job and stuff.
-McCarthyism-He had this list of people that he suspected of being communist. He wanted the public attention so he could become more popular and get more power. People were like attacking him, but he would make them go on trial and then people were becoming afraid of him. Soon, which hunts became known as McCarthyism. The Senate eventually voted him out and he later died of cancer.
e. Fidel Castro
-He was orthodox and he started creating underground organizations. He was anti-American. In 1953 he attacked Moncade Barracks. The plan was to overthrow Batista. Castro used Guerilla warfare tactics to take over Batista. Castro didn’t like Batista because he thought he was too much of like a copy of an American. He then became the leader of Cuba.
Bay of Pigs
-This attack was arranged by Eisenhower. On April 4,1961 President Kennedy approved of it. They used Cubans to go and fight thinking that the other Cubans would see it as the Cubans coming to free them, but they didn’t. They saw it as an American attack and they fought back and it was not good.
Missile Crisis
-The Cuban Missile Crisis was when the Soviet Union started building missiles in Cuba aimed at the U.S. Cuba became allied with the Soviet Union because they were mad at the U.S. because of the Bay of Pigs invasion. Khrushchev had the idea to put the missiles in Cuba. The U.S.found out and they started sending planes over to take pictures. We were considering attacking but we didn’t want to start a nuclear war. So we decided to quarantine them instead. A quarantine is a kind of like a blockade. We made a like a secret deal. The publicly refused to accept the terms, but really they took their missiles out of Cuba.
f. China
-Mao Zedong was the leader of the communist party of China. There was like a war going on there but they were working together during the war but after that they went back to fighting. The communist were killing people on their side to have not so much opposition and they had things that would tell if you were communist or not. Mao Zedong was building up his government and then they took over. Sheng Ki Sheck was taken over and he had to go to Taiwan.
g. Nuclear Arms Race and Reductions
-The nuclear arms race was between US and the Soviet Union. They each had bombs and if one would attack the other would attack as well. It was a race of who would attack first. We started making missile defense systems so if they did attack we could defend ourselves. Nobody every attacked.
h. How the Cold War ended.
-The cold war ended because the Soviet Union was in a lot of debt because of the Afghanistan War. They were very weak because of the Afghan war. There were a lot of countries that came out of this. Gorbachev was the last Soviet leader and he was trying to bring change and bring communism down. The Soviet Union spent all their money on their military, which want very smart. The Berlin wall was taken down and communism fell in Berlin. Nuclear weapons started to be banned.
5. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of the Korean Conflict.
-Korea was split in the 38th panel. The north was controlled by Russia and the South by the U.S. MacArthur was a major general and he wanted to invade China. The North then invaded the South. In the beginning, the North was doing very well. They pushed the south very far back, but then the U.S. started pushing back and then China comes and pushes back and now we are fighting at the border. MacArthur then wanted to bomb China. Then there was a truce signed saying to nuclear bombs. Then the war/battle thing was a stalemate.
6. Students will understand the causes, effects and major events of the Vietnam Conflict.
-We went there to stop the spread of communism. They pushed France out and we then took over the battle because we didn’t want them to become communist. We had been giving supplies to France for a long time. Vietnam was split in two zones and they elected a president, but we assassinated him. The South was using women and children to like trick us. We started killing everyone because we couldn’t trust them. This really didn’t go well with the public back at home. We couldn’t really invade because then the Soviet Union or China would have stepped in, so we fought a defensive war. Nixon got the war to end by making the Vietnamese take over, but then like ten years later the North took over the South. It really wasn’t a huge loss or win for us. We didn’t really win because they are still communist, but we did kind of because we had far less casualties then them.
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