Driving Ideas for Semester Two:
1. What were the causes of the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression?
The stock prices had skyrocketed up, and weren’t going down. There were a lot of illegal acts going on in the stock market. 1. Over-speculation. 2. over production of goods- Low Profits. 3. "Buying on Margin" -Bye stocks on credit.4. Uneven Distributor of wealth. 5. Too much borrowing from banks due to low interest rates. 6. Stock prices overpriced. 7. Lack of gov't regulation. 8. Red Reserve ^^ Interstate.
People lost lots of money. Banks failed. Quit spending money. Lay of employees because couldn't pay. Unemployment rises. Stock Market crashed in 1929. Banks were failing.
2. What impact did the stock market crash and Great Depression have on the lives of people in the United States?
Hooverville- Were villages for the unemployed. Lived in what they had to build with. Floors were made out of dirt. Families only had one or two rooms to live in. Homelessness- Many mortgages on people’s homes were foreclosed and that left millions of people homeless. This lead to people building small shacks or shanty towns. (also known as hoovervilles) Starvation and Illness- Because of a loss of income, many people had to go into dumpsters to find meals.
Stock Market- World trade fell. Economic growth fell. One cause of the Great Depression. Bank Failure, Business Failure. Bank Failures- People tried to withdraw money that wasn't here. 40 percent of banks collapsed. 1933 people lost 140 billion dollars. Reconstruction- Hoover- Gave loans to banks, state and local governments, and business to create projects/jobs for people. Have states loans for emergency relief needs. Started under Hoover. Not as successful as Hoover had hoped.
3. What did the United States government do to help alleviate the problems the Great Depression brought to our country?
President Herbert Hoover- Created the Agriculture Market Act of 1929. Believed loyal communities should provide relief for unemployment. RFC (Helped out farmers)- Agency $2 Billion to small governments and gave loans to banks, railroads, and other businesses. (Trickle- down theory) Settlements of shacks were names after him called "Hoovervilles" Believed that the government was an umpire, not a player, in the games. Laissez faire.
Franklin D. Roosevelt- FDR was 32nd president. He lead the country threw the Great Depression and WWII. He served 4 terms in office- Like 16 years. He died- so just over 12 years. He helped greatly by shaping the government to help the society. He felt it was the government's job to help the American people. FDR was started of the plan called "The New Deal" FDR started the New Deal to help the economy so the depression would not repeat itself. The first New Deal was focused on helping businesses and banks. It was started in 1933. (32 was the election) This Program was stated to help the Great Depression. It was focused on the 3 R's- Relief, Recovery, and Reform. It was a high number of acts and administrations addressing the horrible effect of the Great Depression.
Significant Legislations: Franklin D. Roosevelt- 1. Home owner’s Loan Corporation- Prevented foreclosure. Refinanced home mortgages. 2. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FEF)- Provided assistance to the unemployed and their families. ($20 million) Provided work. 3. The Emergency Banking Act (EBA)- Reopened Banks. Money was put back into the banks. Many people started using banks again. The Banking Holiday- Reopened when it was safe to! 4. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)- Government dams and hydroelectric plants for electric power. Hired the unemployed. Developed new fertilizers and taught farmers how to improve crop yeilds. 5. Agriculture Adjustment Administration (AAA)- Reduced the production of staple crops. Paid farmers to reduce the amount of crops they planted. Reduced Crop Surplus to raise prices. Over 6 million pigs were slaughtered to reause prices. A lot of people didn't like the AAA; they thought what they were doing was cruel.
FERA Federal Emergency Relief Act- Enacted in 1933. Main function as to create it. Distribution more than 20 million dollars in direct aid to the unemployed. This is turn would help the unemployed to fine new jobs. Had three primary objectives. Farm Security Administration (FSA)- Gave small farmers money in order to buy farms. Dust Bowl and Drought forced farmers off of their land. FSA provided relief for these people. Federal Crop Insurance Corporation- Improved production and marketing of farm products. Started "All-Risk" crop insurance. Guaranteed a percentage of your crops if they are damaged.
1. Worked Progress Administration (WPA)- Set up a national relief agency and employed over 2 million people. All about making work. Established in 1935. Largest and most comprehensive New Deal Cadency! Made to "Make work" Largest!!!! Presented 225,000 concerts and produced almost 495,000 and 475,000 works of art. It did more than any other one. Not all about construction- Helped more groups of people. 2. Securities and Exchange Commission- Regulated Wall Street. 3. National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)- Reformed the economy. 4. Social Security Act- Established Social security and promised economic security for the elderly, sick, and poor. 5. Civilian Consecration Crops (CCC)- Hired 250,000 young men to work on rural local projects. Passed in 1933 during the "One Hundred Days" CCC members worked 40 hours a week and were paid 30 dollars a month, with the requirement that 25 dollars of that be sent home to family. Members lived in camps, wore uniforms and lived under military discipline. NYA National Youth Administration- Established in 1935. Pushed heavily by Roosevelt’s wife. In allowed thousands of young’s to stay in school. EBRA Emergency Banking Relief- Passed five days after taking office- March, 1933. Passed in response to the thousands of banks that closed down. Passed four days after FDR announced the Bank Holiday, which closed banks down temporally. Would close down the bank, reorganize it. Insurance to people's money. It was succseful! PWA Public Works Administration- Established in 1933. Created many jobs. Responsible for 70 percent of schools. 33 percent of hospitals. CWI Civil Works Administration- Failure. To costly. It did some good things in the 10-12 months it was around. Payed workers way to high and ran out of money. FSA Federal Securities Act- Businesses had to be truthful about your company. Passed in 1933. Made the stock market a safer place for people to invest their money. 6. The Indian Reorganization Act- Removed the Native Americans for state courts. Second New Deal- This is another part to the New Deal. This had a stronger focus on the social reform. In April, he created the Works Progress Administration (WPS) to provide jobs for unemployed people. WPA focused more on building pose offices, schools, bridges, and highways. In Juny 1935, the Wagner Act was created to supervise union elections and businesses from treating the workers unfairly.
4. What long lasting impact did the Great Depression have on the US and world?
After the crash in the stock market during 1929 and the collapse of more than 40 percent of American banks by 1933, banking methods became strict as well as financial protections, enforced but the newly formed Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s (FDIC) SEC- Enforces security laws and to protect investors and keep markets secure. FDIC- Protects money. Miscellaneous- Crime rate rose. Mass migration. Congress passing the Social security act in 1935 provided disability, Unemployment, and Pensions for old age (Social Security) Hard to get education. Sports were used to distract from depression. People used radio for entertainment because it was free to listen. Promising health care. Relief programs and tariffs- Most countries had relief grogram’s. People refuse to bank. Smoot Hawley tariff act was introduced on June 30, 1930 imported goods into the US. Franklin Roosevelt- The great Depression had a changes that affected the U.S. society back than but it also today. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)- There mission in the make sure that people follow the law. Individuals and companies in trouble for violating the law. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)- Is a federally owned cooperation in the US created by congressional charter in May 1933- to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in Tennessee Valley, they were used to speed up economic growth. RSDI- Retirement, Survivors, Disability Insurance. Criteria- Citizenship. Supplemental Security Income. (SSI) Financial resources- 2000. income 718. Social Security Number. Medicare. New Deal programs start-makes the US government much longer. Deficit spending starts. The New Deal creates Deal creates many organizations that are still a round today- social security. Fascist, military and communist dictators come to power throughout the world. Radio- Listened to Sports and World News. The ability to hear what's going on around the world without being there. Electronics- Levitator Washer Wringer was the first clothes washer. Tappan Gas Range- First oven. Ran off of gas. In homes. New GE Thrifty Six Ran off electricity. It didn't need an ice block in the freezer to keep it cold. You could keep bigger things in there. Philpot Radio. Could hear what was going on around the world and didn't have to be there. Sports- Boxing- Joe Louis. Black man, that beat German guy- Mac Scheming. Football- New leather padding. Just really started. Baseball- African American players. Very first player. Record Crowds because black people were proud and wanted to go see. Motorsports- Powerboat and Automobile racing. Really kicking off. Nascar came up from that.
5. What were the causes of WWII?
1. Germany Invades Poland in 1939 2. Pearl Harbor 3. Nationalism 4. Imperialism 5. Militarism 6. Alliances
6. What impact did the United States have on WWII?
1. They made more supplies for the war than any other country 2. We had a stronger army. 3. The war ended just months after we entered. 4. The sleeping giant was awoken
7. What were the goals for the US during the Cold War?
Stop communism and domino effect
Domino Theory (Effect)- Existed between 1950s & 80s- US Gov't philosophy that if one country went to communism they all would like a domino effect- Soviet Union to Eastern Europe to China to North Korea
8. What were some of the major events that took place during the Cold War?
-Berlin Blockade/airlift, Cuban Missile Crisis, Red Scare/McCarthyism, Space Race, Bay of Pigs, Berlin Wall, End of the Cold War
1. Stalin tried to cut off Berlin from the western side in June 1948. 2. We decided to just airlift the supplies in. 3. In May 1949 Russia admitted defeat and lifted the blockade
9. Why did the US go to war in Korea and Vietnam and what were outcome of those wars?
1. stop communism 2. stop the domino effect 3. Nixon called for the "vietnamization" of the war means we did to pull out of Vietnam and allow the Vietnamese people to fight for themselves now 4. "Peace with honor" - we want peace to insure and we want honor when we leave 5. Gradually pulled US troops out and train the ARVN to take our place in fighting the north 6. 13 days later, on January 27, The Paris Peace Accords were signed which officially ended US involvement in the Vietnam conflict
10. How did the Cold War come to an end?
1. Reagan called the Soviets the Evil Empire; supported any anti-communist movements worldwide. 2. Met a lot with soviet leader . 3. We had close ties with our Allies and the USSR didn't. 4. China started siding with us after 1972. 5. Soviets economy was in shambles whereas the US's was flourishing huge deficit. 6. high inflation 7. Corruption 8. social problems 9. shortage of basic needs (food, housing) 10. the strong anti-communist presidency of regan. 11. Gorbachev's willingness for change and reform◦glasnost and perestroika- more democracy & capitalism 12. admitted Soviet mistakes 13. took blame for the Cold War 14. communist system had failed 15. allowed Eastern Europe to do what they wanted 16. Arms Reduction Talks◦SALT, INF, Reagan- Gorbachev meetings 17. He opposed detente (worldwide peace); upset the balance of "leave-each-there-alone" 18. He spent tons of money on the military; he started the missile defensive set-up to protect us from nuclear bombs 19. He had many meetings with the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which helped bring an end to the Cold War 20. Soviet mistakes 21. invasion of Afghanistan 22. ignoring social concerns 23. spent everything on military
11. Know these major post-Cold War Events:
-JFK Assassination
November 22nd, 1963. In Dallas Texas. In the Elite Plaza on a campaign trip. 2. Assinator was Lee Harvey Oswald by a rifle. 3.Govenor of Texas and secret service man were wounded. 4. Kennedy was pronounced dead in Parkland Hospital shortly after brought there. 5. Later Oswald was killed people going into court by Ruby. He didn’t want Mrs. Kennedy to have to look at him. 6. Harvey was in the marines (sharp shooter; means he has a really good shot) 7. Harvey has defection to the USSR
-Watergate
Five people were arrested for breaking and entering and then Nixon said he didn't know anything about this; said they were getting dirt on the democrats- were trying to bug the phones. Found funny that they found tape on the back of a door. Was in DC. Criminals were Nixon’s employees at the time!
-Iran Hostage Crisis
Between the U.S. and Iran; on November 4, 1979 the Iran took 52 Americans hostage for 444 days. Before this in 1977, there was an Iran Revolution. Islamic government over threw the pro-US government and Ayatollah Khomeini overtook as leader, this was the group that caused problems/dislikes with the United States and took the Americans hostage. We attempted to rescue them, but it failed miserably with 8 American deaths, one Iran civilian dead, and destruction of 2 aircraft's. Purpose: we had "The Shaw" (their previous pro-U.S. leader) in our country so Iran wanted him back, so they wanted a trade. They would give us the hostages if we give them their previous leader (we didn't make this trade). We got them back when Iraq invaded Iran and they were desperate and made a trade. Got them back January 20, 1981.
-Persian Gulf War(1991)
August 2, 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait : reason was for oil. Operation Desert Shield. Operation Desert Storm. Results: Coalition Force victory, Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait, destruction of Iraqi/Kuwaiti infrastructure. Coalition- 482 dead, Iraq- 20,000-35,000. 1991-2003. No fly zone, weapons inspectors, WMD's. How did it eventually lead to 9-11◦we were still in Saudi Arabia
-9-11
4 Airplanes were hijacked and two went into the World Trade Center, One into the Pentagon and , One into a field in Pennsylvania. Alkida was responsible for it all. We took a lot of security measures! One positive thing was the whole United States came together! Nothing like this will happen again.
-War in Afghanistan
War on terror. We wanted to get al-Qaeda. We invaded because they allowed the Taliban to train there. Taliban wouldn’t let so we invaded. Started by us and allies. We drove the Taliban out of power.
-War in Iraq
War on terror. Capture, Trial and Execution of Saddam Hussein. We got wind that Hussein had WMD. They wouldn’t let bomb inspectors into Iraq. We topple Saddam Hussein regime. Sent more troops and ended violence. Became unpopular in 2006.
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