1. Students will understand the impact the Industrial Revolution had on the United States.
-a period of time when we moved away from agriculture to industry
-captains of industry (john d. rockefeller, andrew carnegie), railroads, oil, steel, natural resources (iron, aluminum, wood), government supported businesses, growing urban population from immigration and farmers
-inventions: edison improved light bulb, typewriters, telephone
-railroads, positive: made country smaller, transporting people and goods quickly lowering prices, brought people out west to settle. negative: destroy native american life, overcharged farmers putting them in debt. Grangers: group of farmers fighting railroad abuses. granger laws: allowed a state to control railroad rates. interstate commerce act: allowed government to regulate railroads. interstate commerce commission: group making sure railroads are being fair.
-captains of industry: andrew carnegie: born into poor family and worked his way up in railroad then turned to making steel. john d. rockefeller: born into a wealthy family and made fortunes in oil company, standard oil was largest oil company in the world, drove a lot of people out of business. social darwinism: strong survive, weak die out. big business takes over smaller business.
-monopoly: one company buys out all other companies in same field. vertical integration: having contol over every aspect of manufacturing and transporting product. horizontal integration: one company buys out other companies, being close to controlling 100% of field. sherman anti-trust act: made it illegal to form monopolies.
-labor union: group of people trying to get better wages and working conditions. were not successful, didnt have a lot of power, everyone disliked them (police, press, government), white rich man dominated and common person had little power. haymarket affair: bomb went off and blamed labor unions turning people against them. usually lost strikes.. could replace workers with immigrants. started getting better conditions after time
2. Students will understand the impact immigration and urbanization had on the United States.
-immigrants came for more opportunities (farming, ranching, gold), adventure, find families, escape religious persecution
-where they came from: old immigrants: came from northwestern europe (white). new immigrants: came from all over the world (dark complexion).
-challenges: coming over: costly, ship was gross. once here: ellis island in new york harbor to be tested, faced criticism from labor unions
-immigrants were taking jobs and keeping wages low, racism. chinese exclusion act: banned chinese immigrants except students, teachers, government officials. gentlemens agreement: between us and japan, they would stop sending unskilled workers if we stopped segregating.
-urbanization: immigration, farming community moved to cities since they were always in debt
-problems: tenements: overcrowded with multiple families. dirty.. had pigs eat garbage, horses left manure, crime problems, fires since buildings were made of wood.
-solutions: fire departments, police departments, safer drinking water, garbage collection got started, cable cars instead of horses. Jane Adams: set up settlement houses, help poor (education, place to sleep, food, jobs)
3. Students will understand the impact of the Progressive Era on the United States.
-roosevelts accomplishments: wanted to give everyone a "square deal" help out common people, was the trust-buster, settled 1902 coal strike, passed elkins act: got rid of rebate system, passed hepburn act: icc set maximum railroad rates, passed meat inspection act: made sure meat was safe, passed pure food and drug act: required labels so people knew what they were eating, conservationist, passed newlands act: set up irrigation system in the west.
-tafts accomplishments: hand picked by roosevelt, won election against bryan. broke up more trusts than roosevelt, broke up standard oil, passed federal income tax: graduated income tax, more money you make more taxes you pay.
-1912 election: taft got republican nomination so roosevelt started progressive party (bull-moose party). democrats had wilson. socialists had debs. wilson won since democrats werent split up.
-wilsons accomplishments: pass clayton anti-trust act: break up monopolies, federal trade commission: investigate companies for monoplies and break them up, federal reserve system: banker's bank, issues paper currency, controls interest rates. 17th: direct election, 18th: prohibition, 19th: womens right to vote. negative: started segregation
4. Students will understand the impact imperialism had on the United States and world.
-imperialism: a strong country takes over a weaker country.
-imperialistic powers: GB, Germany, France, Russia, US, Japan, Italy
-why imperialize? money, power, natural resources, prestige, refueling stations, naval bases
-taking alaska: we bought alaska from russia. gold, oil, fishing, tourism
-taking hawaii: americans started moving there for sugar cane plantations, plantation owners wanted to be a state so they wouldnt have to pay taxes. queen liliuokalani wanted to get hawaii back for hawaiians but it was too late and we annexed them.
5. Students will understand the political, social and economic changes that occurred in the 1920’s in the United States.
-Entertainment: radios, dancing, jazz
-Red Scare: Occurred after WWI from 1919 to 1920. Was a period of time when Americans were afraid of communists, radicals, and socialists. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were communist leaders. They felt that it was unfair that rich people had most of the money. Communists theory states that poor people would rise up in society and overthrow the rich people and create a world where everyone is treated equally. Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the Soviet Union and the first communist leader. Palmer Raids: The government deported people who might be communists and radicals out of the country. The U.S. did not want to become the communist states of America. Ku Klux Klan: 1920s. Anti-black, immigrant, communist, radial, etc. Federal government supported them.
-Republican Domination: Harding, Coolidge, Hoover. Laissez Fairre: french for "hand off" meaning government should stay out of business. Trickle Down Theory: gave tax cuts to the rich. by helping the rich they gave better conditions, wages, and jobs to the poor eventually helping them
-War Prevention: Washington Naval Conference- 4 Power Treaty: US, GB, France, Japan. respect each others possessions. 5 Power Treaty: 4 Power plus Italy. Freeze navies at 1921 levels. 9 Power Treaty: keep "open door" in China. Promise Chinese independence. Kellogg-Braind Pact: 63 countries outlawed war as a mean to settle disputes
-Automobile/Airplane: Route 66 "the mother road" took people from east to west easily. Henry Ford improved the car. Model T was most popular. First time small passenger airplanes were used. Charles Lindbergh "Lucky Lindy" first person to fly nonstop around atlantic ocean.
-Prohibition: 18th amendment(1920-1933): outlawed alcohol. alcohol allowed for medicine and communion at church. prescriptions and sacramental wine orders skyrocketed. Volstead Act created Prohibition Bureau to enforce the law. Prohibition failed because people despised it, Prohibition Bureau was underfunded, and organized crime became commonplace
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