1. Students will understand the impact the Industrial Revolution had on the United States.
Industrial Revolution took place in the 18th and 19th century. Major changes took place during this time. there were a lot of new and improved inventions like the telegraph, sewing machine, typewriter, light bulb, radio, telephone and many others. These inventions affected the way people lived and worked everyday. The railroads made it a lot easier for people to travel across the country. They increased trade and made cities grow and branch out. There were many labor unions during this time. People fought for their rights for better working conditions, better wages, and less working hours. The vertical and horizontal monopolies took place during this time also.
2. Students will understand the impact immigration and urbanization had on the United States.
Millions of immigrants entered the United States in the in the later 19th and early 20th centuries. They came to america to escape from bad conditions to find a better life, religion, better jobs, and better educations. Immigrants faced many challenges when they entered america. They had a hard time finding jobs, finding a place to live, and finding land. They had a hard time with the unfamiliar language and cultures that americans have, they were dying from diseases, and they were having a hard time getting along with other cultures and ways of living. Americans didn't really like the immigrants. Cities grew rapidly and it was really hard to keep them sanitized and clean. Garbage was just thrown onto the streets, the water was unsanitized, and it smelt really bad. There were many crimes in cities because of the rapid increase of population because there weren't any security.
3. Students will understand the impact of the Progressive Era on the United States.
The progressive era did a lot of things to help out the United States. The progressives worked to make the workplace safer. Workers were given workers compensation, which just basically covered them because before that they were fired if something went wrong such as the loss of a limb in the factory. There were also other things that increased safety such as the workers being given earmuffs for protections. OSHA was started in 1970 which was a group that shut down businesses if they found them to be unsafe.
The progressives worked to reduce child labor. Before child labor was very common, this is including young children, from ages five to nine even. Bosses thought that children were ideal workers because of their small agile fingers and they were willing to work for lower wages. Immigrants often sent their young children to work so they could have money in the poor times. Children were very likely to have accidents in results of fatigue. Child labor lowered wages for all workers. In 1916, the Keating-Owen act was passed that prohibited the transportation of child-made goods across the state line. This was declared unconstitutional two years later because it interfeered with the state's rights. By the 1920's, most states had banned child labor. Today there are still a lot of strict laws with child labor.
Progressives worked to reduce the number of working hours. Muller v. Oregon- court case taken Curt Muller forced one of his female workers to work over ten hours in one day, taken to the supreme court and ruled that they keep a restricted ten hours work day. Bunting v. Oregon- court case taken because of a group of people including males that worked over ten hours in one day, it ruled by the supreme court then people were now able to work over ten hours in one day.
The progressives moved to make the countries more democratic.Secret ballot made the country more democratic. Initiative and a referendum- allows people to start a bill, gives power to the people. Initiative- people starting a bill, referendum- people voting on the bill. recall- direct primaries became more common, these reduced the political machine's power. All of these things give the common people power. There was no more rich people electing rich people.
The progressives started Women's Suffrage. Before women were known as second class citizens.
During the progressive era women held conventions and had people sign petitions against women's suffrage.
3 part strategy for womens suffrage
1. Give women the right to vote in their state.
2. 14th ammendment
3. Women pushed for a national constitutional ammendment to get women the right to vote
Today there is basically no difference between the rights of women and men.
The progressives worked for better wages. Before the progressiva era there was atrocious pay. Some people were payed around 15 cents per hour.
Minimum Wages. Henry Ford started the 5 dollar day. 8 hours a day for 5 dollars per day. This was during the progressive era and was considered good. Now minimum wage is about $7.50
Progressives worked to stop segregation. Segregation is the seperation of the races. The main case of segregation was Plessy v. Fergeson in 1896, Plessy v. Ferguson ruled the for thinfgs to be "seperate but equal" when in reality everthing was seperate but unequal. Plessy v. Fergusen case was overruled in which things were no longer made seperate. At first african americans thought the problem in the whole "seprerate but equal" theory was the fact that they were unequal, but they soon came to realize that the problem was indeed that they were seperated, and came to knowledge that if they were not seperated, then things would be more equal.
Progressives worked to make food and drugs safer in the United States. Foods without labels/expiration dates. Passed laws that said food had to have lables, this was started by the USDA. It was made so people would not get sick from like bad meat and stuff. There was the Meat Inspection Act to make sure that meat was safe to eat. Back in the days there were a lot of medicines that were not actual drugs, they were just sugar, and also there were medicines that contained addictive drugs. These were part of the Pure Food and Drug Act which made foods safer.
Today they have a lot more information about foods on the labels.
Progressives worked to regulate businesses in the United States.Before- before there were monopolies, the businesses were mainly in control. The policy of the united states on businesses was the laissez-faire, other known as "hands off." The monopolies controlled the farms and the rivers.
During- Roosevelt called himself the "Trust-Buster" The Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Roosevelt was a president that sided with the common workers, instead of monopolies. The ICC was the Interstate Commerce Commision which formed the Interstate Commerce Act which enforced the railroads companies to set a certain rate for people to make sure that everyone was being fair. Wilson and the Clayton Anti-Trust Act- made when the Sherman Anti Trust Act failed, this act allowed the government to break up monopolies. The Federal Trade Commission- this stopped big businesses from doing unfair things, and it would breakup companies that were doing things that were unfairly monopolistic.President Taft broke up more trust than Roosevelt, and Wilson broke up more than Taft.
Today there is still the federal trade commission, the ICC was shutdown in 1995. The remaining functions of the ICC were transferred to another act. The FCT continues consumer protection and cohersive monopolies.
4. Students will understand the impact imperialism had on the United States and world.
Imperialism was when the larger, more powerful countries would go and take over smaller countries. This was done when we took over Alaska and Hawaii. The main people wanted to take over countries was to colonize meaning that they would get more land, power, and more wealth. Alaska was a good addition to the United States because of the amount of natural resources it bared. Hawaii was the same, with its sugar cane which was a big up lifter in our ability to acquire that island. The United states was able to get a lot of land also from the Spanish-American War. From that war we acquired the Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam.
6. Students will understand the political, social and economic changes that occurred in the 1920’s in the United States.
The Roaring 20's- Entertainment.
The 1920's was a very exciting time in life. It was the year automobiles were invented, music became really big, women became more rebellious, common dating was a big thing, religious rules losened up. This time period allowed people to be able to afford more expensive things. A lot of people went in debt in the 1920s because they could pay so much a month for a period of time and they over used it. During this time electricity became available in homes, they got toasters and other cooking equipment which made it easier for house wives when they worked in the kitchen. You could plug your radio into the wall so you could listen to you sports and other things on it.
Red Scare.
The red scare is when america thought that they were going to become communist from other people coming into our country. They set immigration laws to prevent our crountry from becoming communist. Immigrants weren't allowed in america. Friedrich Engels wanted everyone to be equal. He said to have the poor take over the government and take over the rich people. The klu klux klan were anti communists. They didn't like immigrants and other racises. They didn't like radicals and communists. We tried to deport all the radicals, socialists, and communists.
Republican Domination.
The president at this time was Warren G. Harding. The forney- McCumber tariff raised taxes on the United States imports to 60%. That made it impossible for Great Britian and France to pay back the 10 billion dollars they owed U.S. Calvin Coolidge became next president. He was a pro-business guy. Then it was Herbert Hoover who kept taxes down and brought business up. Republicans believed in concepts called Laissez-Faire which let busniesses do what they want.
War Prevention.
The League of nations was formed to keep peace between countries.
-4 power treaty was with U.S. Great Britian France and Japan. They would respect each others possessions in the pacific.
-5 power treaty was U.S Great Britian France Japan and Italy. It froze navies at the 1921 level.
-9 power treaty was U.S Great Britian France Japan Italy Netherlands portugal belgium and china. It kept the open door policy in china and promised chinese independence.
Automobile/Airplane.
Automobiles were a big thing in the 1920s. Route 66 was the first U.S. highway. It went from Chicago to California. It was known as the motherroad, but today its just a normal highway. Henry for was famous for the modle T automobile. He made these cars fast and efficiant. Airplanes had a huge impact on america. They were big for tranfering mail across the country. Amelia Earhart was the first women to fly across the atlantic ocean solo. Nobody nows what happened to her.
Prohibition.
Prohibition was the banning of something wether it be alcohol, rock and roll, or paper clips. In this case its alcohol. People wanted prohibition bacause there were not many laws against alcohol and people thought that all the public drunkeness was morally wrong, so people basically wanted an end to this. All the drunks was causing a lot of crime suck as people using the black market and peopel cheating on their spouses. Religious women were the main pushers of prohibitions. Also, there were a lot of public announcements that talked about the evils of alcohol. One of the big things that got supporters was that supporters thought that taking a drink or two was fine because they were just trying to get rid of drunkeness but then alcohol was completely banned and that made a lot of people, even the people that were for it at first, angry. This was lost during the Civil war but was later brought back up. The eighteenth ammendment banned the distribution of alcohol in all states. This banning led to a lot of organized crimes.During this time the prohibitionists realized their idea wasn't working and people still had their home-made alcohol, "moonshine" they got back to congress and had the Volstead act made so then alcohol was completely illegal except for in church and for medicine. This started mobs that sold alcohol, and other underground bars. At the time jazz music was hated because it was linked with the private bars called speak-easies. In 1933 the 21st ammendment was made to take out the 18th ammendment.
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