1.Students will understand the impact the Industrial Revolution had on the United States. (Ch. 6)
- New and improved inventions came out, such as a workable light bulb, typewriter, telephone, telegraph, radar and electronic vote reader. Monopolies or trusts came around. One way they were formed was to set up a holding company that did nothing but buy out the stock of other companies. Two types of trusts were vertical integration –buying out other companies, and horizontal integration – bought out all parts of production. Railroads made traveling easier, but made some mad because people charged more for the services than they were worth. Railroads lost trust. Farmers were upset also because they were charged with different rates, demanding more money for shorter hauls than they did for longer hauls. The Granger Laws were set up to settle this. Labor unions started fighting for shorter working hours, better pay, and safer conditions.
2. Students will understand the impact immigration and urbanization had on the United States. (Ch. 7)
- Immigrants came over because this land promised a better life, such as better jobs, homes, education, land, political problems and religion. They didn’t have good luck finding a home and job, since a lot of people didn’t like immigrants. They also had a hard time adjusting with our cultures and religions, and learning our language. Most of the immigrants came from West Indies, Mexico, Europe, China and Japan. Most immigrants traveled by steamships – cheapest way to travel – they were very crowded on the ships and never allowed on the deck, so diseases and a lice traveled fast. Those who survived arrived to America. Since a lot of immigrants were coming over, cities grew fast. Immigrants brought diseases to America, making cites gross. Crime, fire, water, transportation, housing, and sanitation were problems also caused by the immigrants. Americans were concerned and Social Reformers tried to find solutions, like the Social Gospel Movement and settlement houses.
3.Students will understand the impact of the Progressive Era on the United States. (Ch. 9)
- The Progressive Era was mostly meant to help the common joe and to stop corruption. Reformers wanted to improve work safety. Wanted better conditions for women and children. They worked for maximum hours and low wages. Secret ballots came out, which meant people could vote in secret. Blacks weren’t supported, but the 15th amendment gave them the right to vote, but they had to take tests to do so. Roosevelt passed the Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection after reading The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, who was a muckraker – someone who exposes corruption. Roosevelt also set aside lots of land for national parks, and set up the Trust – Buster, Sherman Anti – Trust Act. Settlement Houses were made to help out the poor. Women fought for prohibition – Susan B. Anthony. Mass production and assembly lines were made. The Underwood Act lowered tariffs. This helped the economy a lot so the government raised taxes. Trade increased with other countries and government still had tons of money. Banks were started. The stoppage of monopolies helped stop government corruption.
4. Students will understand the impact imperialism had on the United States and world. (Ch. 10)
- Imperialism is a big powerful country taking over smaller countries either economically, physically or politically. Through this, America got Puerto Rico, Guam, Hawaii, Cuba, and the Philippians. Anti – Imperialistic League was against imperialism, because they thought it would cause a lot of wars. Set up to fight imperialism. Countries fought over land and resources, wanted more money and power, so they went out and got lots of colonies. Dollar Diplomacy was when we loaned out money to countries so we would be in economically control of the countries we loaned to. Missionary Diplomacy – Countries government we didn’t like wouldn’t get recognized that would corrupt or be undemocratic.
5. Students will understand the political, social and economic changes that occurred in the 1920’s in the United States. (Ch. 12-13) -Roaring 20's
- Entertainment
*Automobiles (Model T Ford), electricity (fridges, washer and dryer, vacuum cleaners,) and the radio (Advertising entertainment, people could listen to shows, and follow up on sports) came in, entertained people's lives. One major game in the 1920's was Mahjonng. Some people still play it today. Buy things on credit, economy was booming.
-Red Scare
Took place after WW1.
*We feared we'd be communist; that immigrants would come into our country and be communist. Fear of communison. US passed immigration laws to restrict immigrants from coming in. Fredrich Engels came up with the theory of communison. They thought that the people who were poor should overtake the government and rich people so that there were no classes and everyone was equal. It sounded good but it really wasn't because they don't have the freedom of speech and other things. Vladmir Leinn was the first communist. They called it the red scare because of the red flag of the Soviet Union. We did these Palmer Rads as a response to the red scare. They went after radicals, socialist, communists, and they would deport them. J. Edgar Hoover was the head of FBI. Palmer house was bombed out. Sacco and Vanzetti were immigrants, they're Italians and they were anarchists. They shot and killed the guy who paid them. The only proof was the gun they had that was Sacco's. They were convicted and killed. Because of the fear of radicals were killed. KKK were anti black and anti radical and communists - huge popularity - known for hanging and killing African Americans in the south, or Catholics or immigrants or radicals.
-Republican Domination
*Laissez Fairre means that government was going to do as little as possible and interfere as little as possible too. Presidents in the 20's undid Laissez Fairre because they thought the government should do more with the people. *Do Nothing - Calvin Coolidge thought that if people sat back and did nothing, things would be better. *Trickle Down Theory - Help rich with tax cuts, will trickle down to help everybody else, better wages, better factories.
(All Republican) Presidents were –
*Harding - popular - died in office.
*Coolidge - people loved him.
*Hoover - came up with Trickle Down Theory and Laissez Fairre.
-War Prevention
*A big one was the League of Nations. Another thing is the Washington naval conference.
There are four countries that signed it: US, Great Britain, France, and Japan. Each country would respect each others possessions in the Pacific. It promoted Peace. The five power treaty was the countries plus Italy. This froze navies at 1921. The didn't build up their navies so that they didn't fight and get into war. They found loopholes around this law. The mine power pack were alll of the previous plus Netherlands, Portugal, Belgium, and China. It kept an open door for China. It promised chinese independence. The Kellog-Briand Pact outlawed war. It outlawed war for over 60 countries. It settled disputes. Brought a false sense of security. Four years after, the pact was broke after China invaded Japan.
-Automobile/Airplane
*Route 66 was known as the "Mother Road". Was the first transcontinental road. Today it is just a naval highway. Henry Ford was the guy that brought the cheap automobile to the masses. He was able to get them made fast and efficiently. Famous for his Model T Ford. Also people could get credit to buy these car. Automobiles had a HUGE impact on the US. They were used to transport mail and small groups of people. Charles Lindbergh "Lucky Lindy" was the first to fly across the Atlantic Ocean. Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly over the Atlantic. She disappeared while flying around the world.
-Prohibition
*Noble experiment. It was the 18th amendment. It was the movement made by the progressive women, They helped make the 18th amendment. During the 18th amendment the transportation, manufacturing, and sales of alcohol was illegal. Supporters believed alcohol created corruption. Wife and children were abused and accidents. Supporters were mainly from rural areas. This failed because this was supposed to prevent crime but actually created higher crime rates and made crime more of a risk. There were two ways alcohol was made legal: used it as medicine, or sacramental wine orders for communion and such at church. There was a group set up called Volsted Act which created the Prohibition Bureau to enforce the law. Speakeasies were people who spoke nicely and easy to obtain alcohol. People went underground to get alcohol. Speakeasies were illegal and had to keep themselves quiet. Flappers worked in bars and wore short dresses.
-Science vs. Religion
*In the 1920's, people started to drink, do drugs, and care less about religious values. Religion was in control in the 20's in a way. The not so religious people began fighting back against the move religious valued people.
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