1. Students will understand the impact the Industrial Revolution had on the United States.-One of the biggest inventions in history was the invention of the light bulb by Thomas Edison. He perfected the incandescent light bulb. This is a light bulb that gives off visible light produced by heat. He also came up with the system to produce and distribute electrical power. George Westinghouse another inventor helped Edison come up with other other innovations to make electricity more efficient and safe. This meant the price went down too. Controlling electricity completely changed the way businesses worked now in America. By 1890 electricity ran many different machines. Like the fan and the Printing press as well as many other machines. eventually electricity was available in homes as well.Having light changed all kinds of things. Like people could work later into the night if they wanted. And electricity made everything in factories go a lot quicker because everything was starting to do the work on its on. This speed processing up which meant things would be shipped quicker which meant there would be more income. Street cars were also invented which made public traveling cheap and quick efficient. this also promoted an outward spread of towns and cities.There was more inventions besides the light bulb. Like later on the type writer was invented and the telephone. People liked the type writer because they were probably getting tired of writing things. This machine solved that problem.The telephone changed many things to. The first transcontinental railroad made the world seem pretty small and the telephone made it seem even smaller. Even though it was pretty local at first it eventually spread. This mad communication A LOT easier. Instead of having to travel to talk to people we could now call them and have a conversation on the telephone.All these inventions helped increase the number of women in the office work force. In 1870 women only made up 5% of the work force and in 1910 40% of the office work force was taken up by women. With all of these inventions less humans were needed to work so the average work week was cut down to 10 hours.Some people felt that with all the new machines human labors worth was going to go down which meant some people wouldnt make the money they needed to make in order to support their families.-2. Students will understand the impact immigration and urbanization had on the United States.-Immigration:During the Gilded Age thousands of immigrants came to America because they believed it was a land of opportunity. They came to find a better way of living. Immigrants wanted jobs to make money, or farms so they could own their own land. Things like the invention of the steam boat promoted trade because it cut the travel time across the Atlantic from around three months to sometimes under three weeks. The artists and craftsman that have some technical skills normally did a lot better than (normal) lower immigrants did.Living conditions where most immigrants settled were bad. Buildings where immigrants lived were called tenement buildings. They were normally way over crowded. The sanitation was horrible in this building. There was garbage all over the streets and diseases were spread very easy in the buildings.People that lived in these buildings hardly ever moved up and moved to better conditions and got good jobs. Some of the people that did get to move up didn’t even want to because this usually meant they had to move out of their “sub-town” where people that are the same nationality are and usually speak the same language. Moving out means you have to be good at speaking English. You also aren’t familiar with people around you.-3. Students will understand the impact of the Progressive Era on the United States.--First im supposed to talk about the article The History of The Standard Oil Company. This was written by Ida M. Tarbell. The main reason it was written was to expose the oil industry. when this was written the standard oil company was being run by John D. Rockefeller. He was one of the richest men in the history of America. This led to many other stories that were considered muckraking to expose any other companies that were trying to form monopolies at the time.Ida M. Tarbell lived from November, 5th, 1857 to January 6th, 1944. She was an author, journalist, and a teacher. she was one of the well known muckrakers which was at this time know as investigative journalism. She is best know for her book, The History of The Standard oil company. This book was 654 pages long.Ida was born in Erie County, Pennsylvania. her father eventually became and oil producer and refiner. his and other small oil companies were greatly affected by the south improvement company scheme in 1872. Ida eventually decided it was because the standard oil company was using unfair tactics to put her father and other small oil companies out of business.Tarbell graduated at the top of her high school class and went to Allegheny College where she majored in Biology. when graduating in 1880 she was the only women in her class.After graduating she became a teacher in Poland, Ohio. She taught for two years and then decided she enjoyed writing more. she moved back to Pennsylvania and met Theodor Flood. She eventually became managing editor for him which meant she had to do a lot of proof reading and correcting. in 1890 she moved to Paris to do a Biography on Madame Roland. while in Paris she did articles for multiple magazines and eventually got the attention of a publisher Samuel McClure. She eventually made her way up to editor of this magazine.In 1900 she started researching the standard oil trust. her book the history of the standard oil company pointed out Rockefeller's different methods of getting rid of any competition. she said he never had run a race and started fair.He started with has plan to form a monopoly by securing favorable freight rates from railroad that were going from oil fields in Pennsylvania to his refineries that were in Cleveland. Then in the mid 1800's he got together with some other refineries and formed the South Improvement Company. There was a certain amount of money you had to pay per barrel to have it shipped and the smaller refineries who recieved it had to pay about $1.06 per barrel back which was about half of the cost to get it shipped. even the companies outside of the South improvement Company had to pay this. For struggling companies this would add up.Lincoln Steffens was born in San Fransisco on April 6th, 1866 and grew up in Sacramento, California. He graduated from the university of california and studied in France and Germany. the New York evening Post is where he began his journalistic career.His main topic was the shame of the cities. Mainly talked about different types of corruption in the different states of America. St. Louis had one of the worst governments. people were greedy and private. people wanted everything to themselves and would fight to get it.This was during the progressive era.No muckraking really went on before the progressive era.We dont really use the term muckrakers any more. its just investigative journalism. like news groups get in and dig around and expose some secrets and when big scams are found out they are put on tv. there is a large organization called the independent media center or the IMC. there is many of these groups in many different states. The group originated in Seattle. Many of these groups are run online so they can publish articles right onto the internet.-First we talked about worker safety and workers compensation and other different things to make work places safer. OSHA is an organization that made sure work places were safe for the workers and would shut them down if they werent safe enough.Next Nelson talked about prohibition. it was what banned the making of alcohol. Before the progressive era everybody would drink. it was uncommon if you didnt. a lot of immigrants drank a lot.Drinking also caused abuse of their spouses. Women were a big part of pushing to make alcohol illegal because the drunk husbands would come home and beat their wife and children or lose their jobs. they would also cheat on their wives when drunk.This was the 18th ammendment which was making alcohol illegal.-During the progressive era kids would work up to nineteen hours a day as well as adults. there was also great chance of injury because there wasnt rails to guard the dangerous equiptment.Now the most 13 year old kids can do is take paper routes or babysit.at the age of 14 and 15 they can work at grocerie stories and offices and other places but cant work after seven.At the age of 16 you can work past 7 pmThen Mr. Bruns went over what the proggressives did to reduce the number of hours workers could work. Before the proggressives were working 15-16 hours a day seven dayss a week. Muller vs. Oregan claimed that workers shouldnt be able to work more than 10 hours a day. a 10 hour work day for men was established by bunting vs. oregon. This only goes for people who were payed by the hour.Next we talked about what proggressives did to bring better wages for workers. before the proggressive people would hire a lot of children cause they would pay them less. Massachusets was the first state to have a minimum wage and it slowly worked its way up from there. then there was no reason to make children work cause they couldnt pay them any less than they would pay the adults.-today we started class by Bruns talking about what the progressives did to make our country more democratic. the 17th ammendment allowed people to vote for their senators.The Austrialian ballet/the secret ballet was invented so people couldnt pressure you on who you vote. these were a very important part of making our country democratic.the recall is what people of the state could issue if a political figure was doing a bad job. this would allow an early election to vote for a new leader.Next he talked about initiative and referendun. allowing people to vote for laws if the government wasnt doing a good job covering certain things.Next we talked about women suffrage. Before the proggressive era only men were in government and could get education. In seneca falls is the first place where a lot of women got together to fight for the right to vote. the 14th amendment let anybody that was born in america vote which meant african americans could also vote. now the women were especially upset because they still couldnt vote and blacks could.-today we continued with blog talks. austin continued talked about federal reserve banks. this is basically the bankers bank. its the bank that banks use. next we talke about aid organizations. there wasnt any before the progressive era. during this time churches helped anybody in need.-today we finishe the blog talks. First we talked about the major social changes that affected women during the proggressive era. women have never gotten as good of jobs as men. they would have to stay home and take care of lawn and the children or farm.then bruns talked about segregation. it is the legal seperation of black dudes and white dudes. plessy vs. ferguson made this legal then brown vs. teh board of education of topeka kansas end this. Woodrow wilson refused to support a bill that would make it tougher on blacks.eugine v debbs ran for president multiple times. even one time he ran for president from prison. he was just trying to prove a point.r the war he came back and became governor of New York. and in 1901 became vice-president of the US.He became teddy when his partners tied up a bear for him to shoot when he was hunting and he let it go because he felt bad for it.-first we went over Teddy Roosevelt. He was born into a rich family. He served as US Civil Service Commissioner from 1889-1895.Commissioner of the New York City Police from 1895-1897Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1897-1898Fought in the spanish American War in 1898 as leader of the Rough Riders.After the war he came back and became governor of New York. and in 1901 became vice-president of the US.He became teddy when his partners tied up a bear for him to shoot when he was hunting and he let it go because he felt bad for it.Used his personality, popularity and power of persuasion to get what he wanted.Believed that teh federal government was there to help common people.Wanted to give everyone a square deal.He called himself the trustbuster. he believed in good trusts and bad trusts. Broke around fourty trusts/monopolies during his eight years in presidency. He also helped settle the 1902 coal strike.Passed the Elkins act in 1903.-no rebates. and the hepburn act. 1906-ICC set max RR rates which required railroads to be fair and just in their prices and practice3s.He also passed the meat inspection act-1906----this helped to start inspection of meat before sale.He also passed the pure food and drug act-1906----This act made sure drugs were safe and actually affective. some would just have sugar and they would cure any random disease or small sickness like baldness. it also wanted to make sure there wasnt any harmful addictive drugs in it.the Newlands Act-1902- sold western land and made dams which allowed for irrigation. Was important for all land out west.he didnt do much for african americans.we also talked about taft. many people didnt like him because he was not as energetic and well liked as roosevelt. He wasnt good at using the bully pulpit.He also promised to lower tariffs but actually increased many with the payne alderich tariff upsetting progressives.He appointed wealthy lawyer richard ballinger to secretary of the interior who removed land TR set aside for conservation.He also supported speaker of the house Joe Cannon who was anti-progressive.-Today we figured out our topics for chapter eleven and then we continued Mr. Bruns' powerpoint.First he talked about the Republican Party Split. bBecause of Taft republicans split into old gaurd republicans and progressive republicans. Tr did not get the republican nomination so he decided to run as a third party candidate in the progressive party(bull moose party)4. Students will understand the impact imperialism had on the United States and world.-Imperialism is the policy where stronger nations expand their economic, political, or military control over the territories that are weaker. In the 19th century America extended their control in the direction of the Pacific Ocean. By the 1880’s most leaders of America were convinced that America should join the imperialist powers of Europe.Because they believed in manifest destiny they already had the U.S. border pushed to the Pacific Ocean.-There were three main things that pushed American Imperialism.1) Desire for military strength.2)thirst for new markets.3)Belief in cultural superiority.American leaders told the US to build up its military strength because other nations were building up a global presence of their military.Because of leaders like Alfred T. Mahan of the U.S. Navy who pushed the government to build up Naval power the US ended up building three steel-hulled cruisers 1883 and 1890. Because of the invention of some new battleships like the Maine and the Oregon the US now had the third most powerful Navy in the world.Late in the 19th century there was many advances in technology that helped factories and farmers produce more than America could take in or consume. Imperialists thought foreign trade would fix this problem and other problems like unemployment and the economic depression.5. Students will understand the causes for US involvement in World War I and the effects it had on the United States.-There was a good chance Germany was going to lose because they were fighting a two sided war because they were surrounded by allied countries. They were weak because they had to split their army to fight both sides surrounding them.Imperialism was on of the big causes of WW1. Imperialism is the taking of colonies. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was another big reason for WW1(this is what basically sparked the war). Another underlined reason for WW1 was Militarism which is building up your military and this made it more likely for these people to use their militaries. Nationalism is taking pride in your country. Alliances were built by taking trust in other countries. Making alliances meant you were disliking the other countries you werent making alliances with which meant these alliances were against eachother, which also meant there was pretty good chances that these alliances could attack eachother.Czar Nicholas was the leader of Russia. Kaiser Wilhelm was the leader of Germany.The Germans had a plan call The Von Schlieffen plan. They had seven different groups working their way to Paris and this failed because they were stopped about 50 miles before Paris being bogged down by trench warfare. Most of the war took place in Northern French in Trenches.Next he talked more about trench war fare and some machine guns and how they were the weapon of choice. And then he talked about some gas that was used like mustard gas and tear gas. He also talked about the RR gun that could shoot several miles and and the Zepplens and U-boats.-WW1 was all about the winner getting land from the loser.US was neutral when WW1 first broke out. 1)US got involved in WW1 because we were very upset with both sides in war. Great Britain was stopping ships and so was Germany but Germany would sink some ships which would kill Americans. 2)Another big reason is because of the Zimmermen not. Stated that Germany was going to start unrestricted submarine war fare which meant they would sink any ship trying to get supplies to Great Britain even if they were American ships. Germany also made an alliance with mexico to fight the US because the US and Mexico hate eachother. 4)Our trade with England increased and trade with Germany decreased which made it obvious that we weren’t really neutral. 6) US started arming and preparing for war which made war more likely to happen. 7) American Business changed to making weapons and other things for war. 8) German declaration of “unlimited submarine warfare”. This kind of goes together with #1.Next he talked about the sinking of Lusitania. This was a British ship that was sunk which killed 130 Americans.Then we talked about the Homefront. People helped win the war from homefront or basically from home without fighting by working in factory and making war goods and having gardens to provide your own food so you don’t take food from others. These were called victory gardens. During this time Herbert Hoover was in charge of food administration.During this time you were supposed to speak English because it was bad if you did anything to support Germany.Then we continued with the WW1 power point. Bruns sang the Over There song. Then he talked about the Treaty of Versaille. It was the treaty that ended WW1 and ultimately leads to WW11.He also showed us Wilson’s 14 points.1. An end to secret treaties.2. Freedom of the seas.3. Free trade for all countries.4. Disarmament.5. End to colonial claims.6. Self determination for all countries.7. Restoration of Belgium.8. Restoration of France.9. Readjustment of Italy’s boundaries.10. Austria Hungary would be given opportunity for autonomous development.11. Romania, Serbia and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored.12. Turkey should be sovereign.13. Poland would be given their independence.14. The League of Nations would be developed.He talked some about the Big 4. The big 4 were France, Italy, Great Britain, and the US. France wanted the most from Germany because most of the war was fought there. The signing of the The Treaty of Versailles ended WW1. This treaty eventually led to WW11.Because of this Treaty Germany’s army was reduced to 100,000 men and was not allowed any tanks. They weren’t allowed an air force either. They were allowed 6 naval capital ships and no submarines. This treaty also affected fincancial and territorial stuff.A few other general things about the Treaty were Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. This was called the “war guilt clause”.A league of Nations was set up to keep world peaceThe league of nations had five permanent members.-Great Britain.-France,-Italy,-US-Japan.It also had four non permanent members that rotated.6. Students will understand the political, social and economic changes that occurred in the 1920’s in the United States.-POLITICAL: isolationism is where we stayed away from all foreign affairs. Nativism is basically trying to keep America for Americans and not other natives. Americans didn’t like immigration so they were upset with people that kept coming in. KKK is a group of white people who only liked Americans. The Quota system that controlled how many people could immigrate to the united states. People went on strikes in their jobs to get better work conditions like more pay, less hours, or anything else they felt they needed. This meant they would just stop working. The Kellog/Briand act was an act that was supposed to outlaw war. The Daws plan is when united states loaned Germany 2.5 billion dollars to pay off debts to G.B. The Teapot Dome scandal. Basically the Republicans dominated politics in the 1920’s. Went back to normal or isolationism during this time. The teapot dome scandal was oil fields that were supposed to go to the military but Albert B. Fall sold it out or leased it to other oil companies and then he pocketed the money.-Social: One cause was the uneven distribution of income. Rich got richer and the poor got poorer. This meant not everybody could buy new products. Only the rich. Average family or person would buy one outfit of clothes per year. Less houses were built which mean industries started to fall that were used to make materials for building houses. People started to panic so they started withdrawing their money from banks so 600 banks closed. Howley smoot tariff act was supposed to protect the farmers and factory workers by jacking tariffs up to the highest they had been.7. Students will understand the causes and effects of the Great Depression.Shanty town had been set up for the poor. There were also soup kitchens too help feed the unfortunate and suicide rates went up. School closed and there was many malnourished children. Movies became very popular during this time.Coolidge believed in Laisse fare where the government stayed away from businesses and didn’t bother them.President hoover put together the hoover damn project. People would sometimes walk around with their pockets hanging out which meant they didn’t have any money and they called these pockets hoover flags.The Bonus army was WW1 veterans that were trying to get their bonus for fighting early. They went to Washington DC and set up camp and congress decided not to give it to them so most left and some stayed and hoover eventually called in the military to push them out and that made Hoover look cruel.
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