We continued the presentations
Causes of the Cold War:
The Cold war happened in 1945 and 1990
-United States v. Soviet Union
-Democrats v. Communists
-Major causes were the differences in Governments. We were democratic and the soviet union was communist.
Free trade was an issue. Rivalry of power was an issue. We eached wanted the majority of the power. To see who could control the world with their government.
-Germany was split into 4 parts.
-We controlled the West and the Soviet Union controlled the East, this was the turning point in starting the Cold war
-Soviet Union didnt like the Truman Doctrine because they felt it was aimed at them because they were communist. Marshall Plan was rebuilding the European Countries
- The A bomb was a big one. Their were fears that we would attack each other.
-Truman didnt like Stalin thought he was agressive, not easy to get along with..
The differences in opinion was a big one. Opposite governments. We were all about freedom they wanted absolute control...
Policy of Containment:
-The domio effect: took place during 1950s and 1980s
- The effect was mainly about communism
-It says that if one country has communism as there government then the countries surrounding it will be become communist
-Iron Curtain Speech: it was the speech that was said by Winston Churchill.
-Said March 5th 1946
-He used the term Iron Curtain in his address
-It was a splitting between Europe ( East and West) (communist east, democratic west)
-Marshall Plan: it was officially called the European Recovery Act
-Established June 5th
-This program was a large scale program economic America if cash grants to Europe with repayment of the money.
-Goals were: rebuilding a war devestated region, removing trade barriers, modernrizing industy, and making Europe prosperous again from WWII. To ensure Europe didnt turn to being communist.
-Truman Doctrine:
-set up by Truman on March 12th 1947
- basically stated that the US would support Greece and Turkey with the economic and military aid to prevent them from falling to the SU.
-Mainly aimed to get rid of communism or to help it from spreading Greece and Turkey
-supported by the republicans, they had control of congress
-The Truman Doctrine was informally the blame for the cold war
House of Un- American Activites Committee: (HUAC)
-committee was created in 1938 to look into private citizens engaging in criminal acts against the US
-Main focus is keeping people from having communist ties
-famous people who were accused of being communist
-Them members of the HUAC are very determined to find communists and communust sympathizers by pressuring witnesses to give up the names of those who are communist
-witnesses who did not give the information needed were held in contempt of congress
-Joe mccarthey used HUAC ideas so he blamed them for communism
-McCarthyism was accusing people of treason without evidence.. this era was known as the second Red scare
-the 2nd red scare was the fear of communists spying on our government
-another fear was the soviet union attacking us with the A bomb
-the red scare helped minimize the communists in our country because they knew we were after them
-the HACU became less important by the 1960s
-in 1975 it ended
Senator Joe McCarthy and McCarthyism:
-McCarthyism was named afer Joe McCarthy
-Is the pratice of making accusations of disloyalty/treason
-It happened in the second red scare of the US
-Happened after WWII
-They put McCarthysim on commericials and posters, if you looked suspicious you were accused of being communist
-Joe McCarthy was always accusing people of being communist, he finally got turned away from the senate because he had no evidence that these people were communist
-Joe was always afraid of communists taking over the US
-Didnt want communists in the state departement
-His downfall was going after the military and he was saying they were communist when they were really heroes..
-He went into drinking he drank a lot! Alcoholism took him over..
China Becoming Communist
-Mao Zedong was Chinas leader of Peoples Republic
-Known for leading the communist party of China
-Chiang Kaishek was the leader of the nationlists
-The civil war started in 1949
-the communists were pushing the nationlists back during the war which eventually seperated china into 2 groups
-These groups were known as the Republic of China (tawain) and the peoples republic of china (mainland of china)
-Use that term like their standing up for the people (peoples republic)
-After China got rid of the nationlist they took controll over all of China
-in 1958 Mao launched a five year plan known as the great leap forward
-The food production was banned so they could compete with us and the Soviet Union
-Cultural Revolution: Mao Zedong was afraid that people would turn against him since he was communist
-Finished the communizing of china for Mao Zedong, corruption was threat to Mao
-lots of killing took place
-Thought people were going to forget who brought them to power
-People thought that Mao should be taken away from power
Cuban Missile Crisis:
-The US started to build missile bases in Turkey and Italy which would attack the capitol of the Soviet Union
-The US began to react images of the missile bases emerged
-Eventually kennedy decided to form a naval blockade around the island of Cuba
-The US demanded that the Soviet Union dismantle the bases in exchange of the US agreeing to not invade Cuba
-The whole crisis subsided with the US and USSR getting rid of the bases in the problem area
-We had attempted to invade Cuba in 1961
-Fidel Castro was confident that we would try and attack them once again
-This whole crisis happened during October of 62' there was a fear that a nuclear war was going to break out
-IF a missle was launched it would be taken as an attack against the US
-If anyone made a wrong move a nuclear war would break out
-Only one person had died in combat
-eleven others died from a few aircraft crashing
-Krushchev had sent many letters to Kennedy to try and get him not to attack them
-On October 28th krushechev took away all they bases which ended the crisis
Ronald Reagans Stragetic Defense intiative:
-Purpose was to develope an anti ballistic missile system
-this was thought to protect us from missile attacks on other countries, especially the SU
-our response to predicted nuclear attack
-thought of people were against because of the cost
-critics thought we wouldnt have enough room to set up research for this
-weapons were needed for the plan, required a lot of space
-would take over a billion dollars to cover all the exspences
-we planned on intercepting missile while they were still in the air
-the plan failed because it was too far fetched
-the designs of the plan were close to impossible to create
-it was almost over 30 billion dollars that was invested at the end
The Berlin Blockade:
-We wanted Germany to be rebuilt but the Soviets wanted to destroy them..
-The allied forces wanted to repair Germany
-Stalin and the Red Army set up in East Germany whiled the US was in the West
-We set up this airlift called the Berlin Airlift
-Our planes would drop 13 tons of supplies everyday in Berlin
-They ended the blockade after 11 months
-We dropped supplies everyday and it was just pointless because it wasnt doing anything
-The soviets had one choice just to shoot at our planes but then that'd cause a nuclear war..
-The soviets had offered to drop supplies but Berlin refused
-We set up bases just incase the soviets did attack our planes
The Nuclear Arms Race
- The first nuclear weapons were produced by the United states through the Manhatton Project
-The US had a monopoly over the nuclear weapons during the years of WWII
-On august 1949 the soviets made their first nuclear weapon
-Both nations had nuclear weapons.. as technology increased the bombs got better
-When the soviets launched sputnick the world thought they might launch a missile attack on us
- satellites were used to detect a nuclear strike before it happened
-people were taught how to react to a nuclear attack
-If an attack to place then MAD were be put into play so nuclear weapons wouldnt be used offensively
-The UK and China started getting nuclear weapons as well
-N.A.T.O: stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization
-Basically if one country was attacked we had to go in and help ward off the attackers
-Soviet Union wanted to join N.A.T.O
-France eventually withdrew from N.A.T.O
-On december 12 1979 we gave Europe nuclear arms
-Organized a lot of organizations and plans after 9/11 attacks
-recently put no fly zone over Libya
-N.A.T.O states put weapons embargo against Libya
-Destallinisation: As soon as Stalin died Krushchev came to power. This was where he wanted to be better to his people. He started talking about Peaceful CO existence. Stalin never thought we could do that without going to a nuclear war.
Fidel Castro and the Bay of Bigs:
-He was communist and he wanted to be the leader of Cuba
-He overthrew the Cuban Dicatator eventually became the prime minister of Cuba
-A lot of people that didnt like Fidel Castro left the country. He began to become paranoid didnt trust many people
-Got rid of his enemies also became very close to Russia we didnt like that
-We tried to get resistence inside and outside of Cuba
-The CIA had talks with the mafia and crime bosses about the assassinations
-The invasion took place in April of 1961 cuban exiles launched their invasion
-Castro had 200,000 men waiting to attack
-Kennedy took the blame for how bad things went over in Cuba
-Bissell resigned from the CIA
-Main reason we wanted to invade Cuba was keep the communism isolated and not to have it keep spreading
-We couldnt stop Cuba this led up to the Cuban Missile Crisis
1970s Peace Attempts:
-Peace corps: bunch of volenteers mostly doctors and engineers was to help 3rd world countries develope
-As it became older in history the volenteers were older as well
-2 workers returned to be elected into the US senate
-July 1972 Nixon put peace corps into action
-Detente was a word used for relaxation in international affairs, associated with US, Russia, and China
-Salt I: strategic arms limitation talks involved US and SU on the issue of armanent control tried to get rid of atomic weapons
- Salt II: was sought to curtail the manufacture of nuclear weapons took it a little further....never actually happened
Effects of the Soviets invasion of Afghanistan:
- happened in dec. of 1979 last abouted 9 years
-They invaded because wanted to perserve communism around their borders
-Afghanistan is run by the soviets
-a civil war broke out between the SU and afghan guerillas or mujahideen
-We kind of helped them out, helped trained their men
-the SU still had good control over the afghans
-lots of casualties were lost during war
-President carter ordered an embargo against the soviet union
-After this war terrorist attacks were starting to take place
-the boycott was aimed the soviets and any other communist country
INF Treaty:
-Perestroika: means reconstructing rebuilding there country, used in Russia
-glasnot: openess, meant to open the country to more of a democracy, get away from communism.
-INF treaty stands for intermediate range nuclear force treaty, it eliminated nuclear weapons
-Regan and Gorby they signed a treaty 2 stay out of each others faces..
The Berlin Wall:
-built on august 1961 completed the next day
-It took years to get it up but they had the border built in one night
-built to seperate west and east berlin, keep the communist in
-west berlin was communist and east was a democracy
-lots of attempts were made to go get out of west berlin..some people dug holes under the wall ect.
-the wall fell in on june 9th 1990
-many people were involved in the making wall and tearing down the wall..
-harry truman ordered the air lift to keep west berlin from starving
Why the US won the cold war:
-Soviet Union invades Afghanistan
-communist gov. doesnt believe in religion
-some soldiers deserted the the muslim group
-young russians were no match against the muslims
-US put ban on export of gain to Russia, knew Russia had got into their own Vietnam
-Reagan and Gorvbachev didnt really trust each other
-they realized nuclear weapons were not the answer..
-Reagan proposed that they get rid of all nuclear weapon, Gorbachev realized that Reagan wasnt going to attack so they began to trust each other
-Glasnost and Perestrokia: gave buisnesses the control to have price control and Glasnost was "openess"'
all this allowed critism of gov. officials
The fall of communism and the end of the war
-The cold war ended in 1991..
-the fall of communism was the collapse of it.. the cold war was to dominate foriegn affairs
-The countries involved in the revolutions were poland, hungray, east germany,ect.
-It was called the cold war because there wasnt actually any fighting in battle it was all fighting over nuclear weapons and how to get rid of them
-lots of agreements were made to end the war
Comments