Monday-
King Philip the 2nd
- Goal was to take over all of Greece and then to get revenge by taking over the Persian Epire
- Became King of Macedon in 359 BC
Macedonia
- Lived in mountainous villages, not city-states
- Macedonians considered themselves to be Greek but were looked down upon by the big city-states
- Philip the 2nd built up his military and eventually invaded and defeated the Greek city-states
- Used the phalanx and cavalry to great effect
Alexander the Great
- Took over for his Father Philip in 336 BC
- Philip was assassinated at his daughter's wedding by a former bodyguard(pausanias)
- Ruled Greece and it's empire for only 13 years(336-323 BC)
- Due to his great accomplishments, became known as Alexander the Great
- Was taught by Aristotle
- Died from high fever-possibly from typhoid fever or malaria
- After taking power, Alexander eliminated his opponents to the throne and then moved to consolidate Greece
- Alexander then turned eat to take over the Persian empire and achieve the goal of his father
- After losing some battles, Darius the 3rd retreated quickly and offered Alexander all lands west of the Euphrates River
- Alexander the Great refused Darius the 3rd's offer and announced he would take the entire Persian Empire
- in 332, Alexander the Great moved into Egypt and "liberated" Egypt from the Persians
- The Egyptians crowned Alexander pharaoh
- founded the Egyptian city of Alexandria
- After conquering Egypt, Alexander moved into Mesopotamia and finished the job of defeating Darius the 3rd and the Persians
- The capital city of the Persian Empire, Persepolis(in Iran), was burned by Alexander as possible revenge for the Persians burning Athens
- Alexander would continue east into India where he eventually ran into a strong Indian Army
- His troops were tired-fighting for 11 years and traveled more than 11,000 miles
- Even after defeating the Indian army in a battle, the monsoons of India were having an impact and Alexander agreed to turn back west
- Alexander would die from disease not long after
- Greek Empire split into three sections
- Greek city-states led by Antigonus
- Egypt led by Ptolemy
- Former Persian Empire Persian Empire ruled by Seleucus
- Leaders all ruled with absolute power
- Cultural diffusion between east and west
Tuesday- The spread of Hellenistic culture
- Hellenistic culture became common all throughout the Greek Empire
- Greek, Egyptian, Persian and Indian cultures mixed
- Language-Koine
- Trade
- Cities
- Science and technology
- Philosophy, art and architecture
Alexandria, Egypt - lots of trade, ships from all over the Mediterranean docked here making Alexandria a thriving city of hundreds of thousands of people
Lighthouse at Alexandria - bronze mirror reflected the fire at night
Ancient Library at Alexandria - half million papyrus scrolls included many of the masterpieces of ancient literature, first research library in the world
Astronomy - museum had small observatory where astronomers studied the planets and stars
Mathematics - Euclid established geometry and taught it in Alexandria. Archimedes estimated the value of pi and the law of the lever
Colossus of Rhodes - largest known Hellenistic statue, made of bronze and stood more than 100 ft tall, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world
Wednesday-video
Thursday- test
Friday- test
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