Monday-video
Tuesday-
- Battle of Thermopylae-480BCE
- Aftermath of the Battle of Thermopylae
- Even though the Persians won this battle.it slowed them down enough for the Greek city-states to build up their defenses
- The Perisans victory allowed them to move further into Greece and finally achieve their goal of buying Athens
- Some greek city-states surrendered to the Persians
- Battle of Salamis-480 BCE
- After Athens fell, the people retreated to Salmis
- At the naval battle of salamis, the Greeks destroyed the Persian navy,even though they were outnumbered 500-400
- Ieries went back to Asia after this defeat by the Persians would fight on
- Battle OF plataea-479BCE
- The Persians still controlled much of Greece after their loss at Salamis and still has a huge land army
- The greeks fielded the largest hoplite army ever seen
- The persians possessed a similar number of troops
- Who won and why?
- Once again it was the superior armor, weapons and the phalanx that won it for the greeks
- Xeres ambitions were not over in Greece
- The Persian Empire was still a major power for at least another hundred years
- The Peace Treaty
- All Greek city-states of Asai were to be free
- Perisan satraps were not to travel west of the Halys River because if they did then they would send troops to fight
- No persian warship was to sail west of Phaselis
- If the terms were observed by the Persian kinds and his generals.
Wednesday-Democracy and Greece’s golden age
- The golden age of athens
- 477-431 BC
- Came about after greece defeated the Persians
- Drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture, and science flourished
- Also known as the “Age of Pericles”
- Pericles’ Plan for Athens
- Three goals
- Strengthen Athenian democracy
- Hold and strength the empire
- Glorify Athens
- Goal 1:stronger democracy
- Increased the number of paid government jobs which benefited people who were not wealthy
- Instituted direct democracy
- Citizens
- Goal 2:strengths the Empire
- Helped establish and eventually led the Delian league after the Persian wars
- Rgew athens navy
- Started dominating
- Goal 3:Glorify Athens
- Used money from the Delian League to buy gold, marble and ivory
- Used money from the Delian league to hire attisit, architects, and workers to build buildings and sculptures
- Greek Drama-tragedy and comedy
- A tragedy-was a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate,war, or betrayal
- The hero usually was an important person and often gifted with extraordinary abilities
- A tragic flaws usually caused the hero’s downfall, usually excessive pride
- A comedy-contained scenes filled with humor
- Playwright often made fun of politics and respected people and ideas of the time
- Arusphanes was a famous writer of comedy
- The fact that Athenisa would listen
- The start of the Greatest subject in recorded history
- History
- Herodotus pioneered the accurate reporting of events
- Thucydides believed that certain types of events and political situation recur over time-History repeats itself
- Peloponnesian(Attic) War
- 431-404BCE
- Came from Thucydides
- Fought between Athenis and Sparta
- Came about as a result of SParta not liking Athens growth of wealth and power in the area after Persian War.
- Athens was acting like a bully to other city-states
- Sparta had a better army, Athens had a better navy
- With the help of a plague that his Athens, Sparta eventually won.
- Three stages of the Peloponnesian War
- Stage one
- Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica
- Goal was to take over their land and eventually starve the Athenians of they would not meet then in battle
- Spartans would only occupy Attica for around three weeks at a time as they had to go back and harvest crops
- Spartnas also had to worry about helot revolts, so they had to be supervised constantly
- Pericles plan for Athens Victory
- Wanted to avoid land battles with sparta
- Get behind Athens’s long wall
- Use the Long Walls(3.7 miles) to access the sea in order to trade and get resources
- Use the Athenian navy to invade cities in the Peloponnese
- The Plague
- In 430 BCE, a plague hit Athens
- The plague wiped out over 30,000 citizens, sailors and soldiers including Pericles and his sons
- Roughly one-third to two-thirds of the Athenian population died
- The fear of plague was so widespread that the Spartan invasion of Attica was abandoned
- Peace of Nicias-First stage
- This period of the war ended in 421 BCE(10 years after the war started) with the signing of the Peace of Nicias
- The treaty basically said that both sides would give back most everything that they took from the other during the war
- Temples throughout Greece would be open to worshippers from all cities
- Athens could continue to collect tribute from the states from which it had received
- Athens agreed to come to Sparta’s aid if the helots revolted
- Peach treat was abandoned by 414 BCE
- Stage two
- Sicilian Exhibition
- In 415 BC, Athens invaded Syracuse, Sicily
- Wanted to help ethnic allies that were on the island
- Afthens enemy were the Syracusans and SPartas
- Atens wanted to take the entire island for resources
- An athenian general defected to Sparta and told them that Ahens wanted Sicily so they could launch an invasion of Italy, Carhafe and the Peloponnese
- The attack failed badly, with the destruction of the entire force in Syracuse harbor in 413 BCE
- Stage three
- Known as the Decelean War(413-404BCE)
- The Spartans move in Attica and eventually took over the city of Decelia and fortified it
- their goal was to take over the land and prevent Athens from getting supplies into the city over land
- Thus would force Athens to rely in Supples via the sea
- Due to this, Sparta started focusing on attacking areas that Athens got resources from
- Sparta was not also getting help from the Syracusans and persian’s
- Athens followed the SPartans with their navy as the Spartans went to attack their strongholds
- In 405 BCE, the Sthenians were defeated in the naval Battle of Aegospotami
- The Athens surrendered, ending the peloponnesian war
- Aftermath of the Peloponnesian War-405 BCE
- Sparta took over the athens empire
- Sprta got all the riches from the war and sparta’s allies for little to nothing
- For a short period of time, Athenans was ruled by Sparta and the Thirty Tyrants(skilled 5% of Athenan population)
- In 403 BC, the Thirty Tyrants were overthrown and a democracy was restored
- The Corinthian War(395-387 BCE) was a war between Sparta and Athens, Corinth and many other city-states
- Spara was later soundly beat by Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE ending Spara’s dominance in the areas
- Philip 2 of MAcedon conquered all of Greece except Sparta in 338 BC
- Phulip’s sin, Alexander, took over Sparta by 331 BC and then lots more
- Rise of the Philosophers
- A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life
- After losing to Sparta in the Peloponnesian War, people in Athens turned to philosophers for answers
- Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
- The painting-The school of Athens, Gresco, Rephael in 1511, Papal Palace in Vatican City
Thursday-notes
Friday-notes
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