October 5th- 9th (Chapter 7 Notes)

[3Jenny]

Monday- Chapter 7 Notes https://mrbruns.ning.com/group/ushistory/forum/ch-7-9-key-questions 

Ask parents about family history- Family Project (Ideas on Wednesday)

• Immigration- moving from one country to another
• Illegal immigration- moving to another country without proper documentary 
  • Wanting to have a better job,
  •  away from their country
  • Reunited family
  • Freedom/ better opportunities 
  • In debt or trouble
• Why people get upset
  • Racism 
  • Taking other people's jobs
  • Some don't pay taxes
  • Don't do it legally 
• Why is it easy for politicians to skip over it?
  • People agree that it's wrong 
  • Republicans are more likely to be against immigration 
• Birthright citizenship- if you are born in the United States, you are a citizen of the United States
• Anchor Baby- You are able to stay in the United States because they were born in the country
• Top Countries of Origin:
  • Mexico
  • China
  • India
  • Philippines
  • Dominican Republic
• Currently have 11 million illegal immigrants
  • Most common states is Texas or California 

Tuesday- 

Golden Age of Immigration

• 1870 and 1920, 20 million Europeans came to US

Old Immigrants

• White
• Anglo
• Saxons
• Protestant 
• Tall and fair
• Experience in the ways of democracy 
  • 1850's and earlier
  • Wanted to keep America mostly "W.A.S.P."

New Immigrants

• Catholic
• Unskilled/ illiterate 
• Poor
• reluctant to assimilate
• radicals/ communists 
• Short and dark

Nativism- People who don't want immigrants coming to their country (usually racists)

Steps to America

• Step One- Leaving Home
  • Common for one person from family to go, make money, send it back
  • Eventually send family over
  • 95% of people on Ellis Island were joining either family or friends
  • 40-65% came with money made from family member working in US

• Step Two- On Board the Ship
  • Ticket to America was $30
  • Three types of accommodations-first class, second class and steerage
  • Only steerage passengers were processed at Ellis Island
  • First and Second were "inspected" on board ship
  • Larger ships could hold 1,500-2,000 people, making up to $60,000 for a single trip
  • Like a nightmare
    • Diseases
    • Gross
    • mortality rate was 10%

• Step Three- Inspection
• Step Four- Beyond Ellis or Angel Island

Wednesday-

• Step Three- Inspection 
  • Inspected for contagious diseases
  • Any diseased people would be deported
  • Sick children over 12 were sent back to Europe alone (Under 12 would go with a parent)
  • Only 2% of people were actually deported
  • 20% of those arriving to the island were detailed for medical treatment 
  • Usually took a few hours to stay at Ellis Island and then the immigrants were free to go where ever
• Step Four- Beyond Ellis or Angel Island

Thursday- 

• Step Four- Beyond Ellis or Angel Island
  • Left Ellis Island, the next stop was the money exchange
  • Cashiers exchanged paper money, from countries all over Europe, for American dollars
  • Then off to New York City or railroad ticket office to go anywhere in the country that they wanted
• Why they were disliked
  • Hurt labor union
  • Took jobs
  • Racists 
    • different cultures

Chinese Exclusion Act- 1882:

• Excluded all Chinese people for about 20 years
• Racists 
• Took jobs

Gentleman's Agreement- 1907:

• Informal agreement between the United States and Japan
• The US would not restrict Japanese immigration to the U.S.
• The goal was to reduce tensions between the US and Japan
• Tension?
  • Separated the Schools (Just San Francisco)
  • Teddy Roosevelt made this agreement 

Chapter 7:2 Notes-

Why did cities grow so fast?

• Immigration
• Farmers moved to cities (people gave up and were in debt)
• African-Americans moved to cities (1920's)
• Cities had more job opportunities 
• More entertainment 

Problems in Cities

• Cramped, old, dirty housing-tenements
• Lack of transportation
• Lack of safe drinking water
• Disease was common
• Streets were filthy
• Crime
• Fires
• Poverty due to low pay at work

Jacob Riis

• "How the Other Half Lives"
  • Actually more like 80%
• Define tenements 
  • Apartment that was cramped and usually one room without plumbing, and was hot/cold

Dumping Garbage in New York Harbor- Late 1800's

• Bad for people drinking the water and animals

Fires

• Many things were made of wood 
• No sprinklers
• Many great flowers
• Started learn their lesson of making things out of iron and steel
• Better buildings

Problems-

• Tenements on Fire
  • Not use wood
  • Use Iron and steel instead
• Sanitation
  • Must have 1 toilet for every 20 people in house 
• Tenement How Law-1901
  • Must be bigger
  • Fire escapes
  • Must have access to light (to keep air moving)
  • must be updated
  • Certain Codes to be followed
  • 200,000 new tenements were built and remodeled
    • 1920's and 1930's

Problem: Lack of good transportation

• Solutions
  • buses 1925
  • subways (1904)
    • Trains (kind of)
    • Trolley (1800's 1900's)
  • bikes
  • airplanes (1903)
  • 1900 Bradley Gasoline Runabout 

Friday- 

Problems:

• Lack of safe drinking water
  • Solution:
    • In late 1800's, scientists proved that water was unsafe to drink
    • Early 1900's chlorine was added to help eliminate disease
    • Federal regulation for safe drinking water began in 1914 
• Disease was common and Streets were filthy
  • Solutions:
    • Already mentioned horses being replaces, eliminating the manure problems
    • Chlorine to water
    • Intro to indoor plumbing
    • George A. Waring Jr. -New York City 1895
      • Organized modern recycling, street sweeping and garbage collection
      • Early garbage collection (putting garbage outside) in early 1900's 
•  Crime
  • Solutions:
    • Organized Police Force
      • Police became full time employees instead of volunteers
      • 1838- Boston established first police force
      • New York-1845
      • Chicago- 1851
      • By 1800's all major U.S. had a police force
    • Fingerprints were first accepted by courts for identification 
    • Teddy Roosevelt- NYPD- 1895
• Fires
  • Solutions
    • Better buildings
    • Firefighters
    • 1853, Cincinnati became the first full time, paid fire fighters in the US
• Poverty
  • Solutions:
    • Labor Unions
    • Minimum wage laws
    • shorter hours
    • Child labor laws

Chapter 7:3 Notes:

The Gilded Age

• 1870's-1900
• Glided-- to be covered with gold

Political Machine

• A political organization, usually controlled by a single "boss" that controls votes and had administrative control of a city, country, or state
• provided social services and jobs (recent immigrants) in exchange for votes
• Very corrupt
• Came about die to the rapid increase of population in cities and poor government in the 1800's
• died out in early 1900's 

Ch. 7.1:

Why did immigrants come to the US?

Where did immigrants come from?

What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?

Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?


Ch. 7.2

Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?

What problems did cities face due to the rapid increase in population?

What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?


Ch. 7.3

What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?

Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.

What caused all this corruption in government?

What laws came about to reform government?

Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?