Monday- went over new key questions for chapters 7-9.
Ch. 7.1:
Why did immigrants come to the US?
Where did immigrants come from?
Everywhere, Germany, Ireland, Scandinavian countries (Norway, Sweden, Denmark), England, Italy, Russia, Japan, Mexico, other
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?
Ch. 7.2
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?
cities were disgusting, people tried to help make the cities better
Ch. 7.3
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.
What caused all this corruption in government?
What laws came about to reform government?
Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?
Tuesday- kept going over powerpoint
- between 1870-1920, 20 million Europeans came to the US
- "old immigrants"- White Anglo Saxons Protestant
- Anglo Saxons- people that came from Germany, Norway, Sweden, Denmark
- "new immigrants" not as smart, came from Southern/Eastern Europe
- Nativism- not welcoming people because we can't trust them
- most people are from Mexico and Latin America
- step one- leaving home
- step two- on board the ship
- step three- inspection
- step four- beyond Ellis or Angel Island
- common for 1 person to come first
- 95% immigrants came for family
- 65% came on money sent to them from family
- Titanic had immigrants on it
- ticket to America was $30
- 3 types- 1st class, 2nd class, steerage
- steerage passengers were processed at Ellis Island
- first and second class were quickly "inspected"
- experience in steerage was a nightmare
- average passenger mortality rate was 10%
- dark, overcrowded, unsanitary, foul-smelling
- immigrants had faith in future
- take anywhere from week to a month
- play cards, sing, dance
Wednesday-
continued with notes...
- contagious diseases were on board with the passengers
- if immigrants had diseases, they would be deported
- sick children 12 or older were sent back alone
- 20% at Ellis Island were detained for medical treatment
- 80% were free
- 2% were failed to be admitted
Watched videos
Thursday-
more notes
- left Ellis Island, next stop was Money Exchange
- NYC or to a railroad ticket offices
- went everywhere
- Germans came to mid west
- people didn't like immigrants
- hurt the labor union
- racism
- Chinese Exclusion Act-1882
- banned all Chinese immigrants from 1882-?
- reason was racism and took jobs
- Gentlemen's Agreement- 1907
- informal agreement between US and Japan
- US would not restrict Japanese immigration
- Japan wouldn't allow further immigration to the U.S.
- goal was to reduce tensions between US and Japan
- immigration
- farmers moved to city
- African-Americans moved to cities
- cities offered more jobs and opportunities
- offered more entertainment
- problems:
- cramped, old, dirty housing-tenements
- lack of good transportation
- lack of safe drinking water
- streets were filthy
- disease was common
- crime
- fires
- poverty due to low pay at work
- Jacob Riis wrote a book
- problem:
- cramped, dirty, old, housing-tenements
- solutions:
- cities put restrictions on building wood-frame structures
- construction in lower-income dwellings on outskirts
- Tenement House Act in 1867 defined tenement and set construction regulations
- toilet per 20 people
- Tenement House Law-1901:
- outlawed construction of new tenements on 25-foot lots and mandated improved sanitary conditions
- fire escapes and access to light
- current tenements were updated and more than 200,00 new apartments were built over the next 15 years
- most tenements were destroyed in the 1920's and especially 1930's with FDR's New Deal
- first fully government-built public housing project opened in New York
- problem: lack of good transportation
- solutions:
- cars
- subways
- airplanes- 1903, Wright Brothers
- train
- electric street cars- late 1800's, early 1900's
- automobiles- 300 in 1895, 78,000 in 1905, 459,000 in 1910, 1.7 million in 2014
- bicycles
Friday-
kept taking notes
- problem: lack of safe drinking water
- solutions:
- late 1800's scientists found people getting sick with diseases spreading through drinking water
- early 1900's chlorine was added to water to eliminate disease
- federal regulation water quality began in 1914
- problem: disease was common and streets were filthy
- horses being replaced, eliminating manure
- adding chlorine to water
- indoor plumbing
- GEORGE A. WARING JR. NYC 1895
- organized recycling
- street sweeping, garbage collection
- early 1900's Garbage Collection
- problem: crime
- solutions:
- organized police force
- became fill time employees of the city
- 1838- Boston established the first American police force
- NYC- 1845
- Chicago- 1851
- 1880's all US major cities had police forces
- 1911- fingerprints are accepted for identification
- problem: fires
- solutions:
- sprinklers
- steel frames
- spaced apart
- fire escapes
- building codes
- full time, paid firefighters
- 1853- Cincinnati became the first full-time, paid fire fighters in the US
- problem: poverty due to low pay at work
- solutions:
- labor unions
- minimum low wages
- Gilded Age: 1870's-1900
- Glided- to be covered with gold
- political machine
- organization
- controlled by a single "boss", that controls votes and had administrative control of a city, county, or state
- provides social services and jobs in exchange for votes
- very corrupt
- came due to the rapid increase of populations in cities and poor governments in the 1800's
- died out in early 1900's
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