October 3rd- 7th
Presentation Notes
Persian Wars
Fought between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states (athens, Sparta, Thebes, etc)
Started when Persian Leader Cyrus the Great took over Ionia in Greece
Ionian Revolt
The Ionian Revolt was led by Athenian General Miltiades
Ionia asked Athens to help them which they did
Darius the Great vowed to burn Athens to the ground before he died
Militiades escapes
Militiades escapes back to athens and tells the athenians that the persians are coming to burn
Sets up the start of the Great Persian War
Ancient Greece vs. Civilization of Persia
-Persia was the larest empire in world at time (millions of people)
-Ancient Greece had about 500,000 people
Athens & Sparta United
-Athen & Sparta fought for 100s of years
-Now they now fought together for Greece
Battle of Marathon
-25,000 Persians
-10,000 athenians
-Athenians won with the Phalanx
and the persians were lightly armored and not prepared
Pheidippides
-After battle, he ran from Marathon to Athens to tell Athenians of the victory over Persia
Battle Of Thermopylae
10 years later Persia invades Greece again
Xerxes (Darius's Son) makes a goal to destory athens
-Persians win Battle
Battle of Salamis
-Naval battle, where Greeks destoryed the Persian navy
-Persian werent same after and driven out of Greece
- After Persian Wars- Delian league set up alliances between Greek city-states
- start of Golden age for Greece (Athens)
Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age
Age of pericles
Perciles had 3 goals for athen
Make it stronger
Direct Democratic
Citizens rule directly
Strengthen the Empire
Help establish and eventually led the Delian League after persian war
Alliance City- states
Grew Athenian Navy
Starting dominating other city state like being better than every one else
Glorify Athens
Used money from Delian league to buy gold, marble and iovory
Used money to hire artists arthechture and workers to build building
Phidas wa hired to build the Parthenon
Greek Sculptors focused on beauty
Classical Art- focused on simplicity and being well proportioned
Greek Drama- Tradegy and Comedy
Tradegy- was serious drama with common themes such as love, hate. War, or betrayal
Usually has a Hero with gifted abilities
A tragic flow caused the heros downfall, usually excessive pride
Comedy- contain scenes filled with humor
Play wright often make fun of politics
It was okay to make fun of each other
Drama was down in an aditurium
They were built oval, domed shaped to help with volume
And wore mask that made them talk louder
Start of the GReatest Subject In Recorded History
History
Hertodotus pioneered the acurrate reporting of events
They believed some events reocur over time
Peloponnesian War
Fought between Athens and Sparta
Result of how athens was acting and they were bullying other city states
Sparta had better army and Athen had better navy
Sparta won - had to do with the plaque that hit athens
Also stupid things Athen did- power shortage and they werent prepared well enough
Sparta had better army so athen didnt want to be on the land so they built a wall from athens to the sea their goal was to never have to go on land
Didnt work due to plaque which once the plaque started it spread to every one since no one could leave the wall
Alexander Empire
Alexander the Great loved by the greeks and eyptians (he saved them from the persians) but hated by asians
From macedon
Macedon was part of greece they didnt have city states but little villages so other greece places look down on Macedon
King phillip was assassinated ‘
Phillip build up his military and invaded and defeated greek city states but never invaded sparta
Phillip was the 1st bi sexual leader
Alexander took over phiillip his father or his body guard killed him
Only ruled for 13 years died of sicknes s
very well educated
Rise of Philosphers
A philospher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life
After losing to sparta in the pelopenisian war, people in athens to turned to phiosophers for answers
Socrates, Plato, and Aristole
Socrates
Socrates was a philoshpers of ancient greece
Socrates taught by asking questioning
This method of questioning was the Socratic Method
Put on Trial and found guilty for “Corrupting the youth of athens”
Put to death-hemlock
Plato
Plato was a student of Socrates
He started a school called The Academy that lasted 900 years
Wrote The Republic
The book talked about a perfectly governed society - not a democarcy
In his ideal society all people fall into 3 groups ( farmers and artisans, warrior, and the ruling class
The person with the most intellect in ruling classes was made king
Aristotle
Student of Plato
Wrote about science, art, law, poetry, government, etc.
Taught Alexander the Great
Continue Notes On Alexander
After taking power, Alex eliminated his opponents to the throne and then moved to consolidate Greece
Alex turned east to take over of the persian empire and achieve the goal of his father
After losing some battles, Darius lll retreated quickly and offered alex all lands
Alex the great refused Darius lll’s offer and announced he would take the entire persian empire
In 332 BC Alex moved into Eypt and Liberated Eygpt from the persians
The eyptians crowned alex pharaoh
Founded eygptian city of Alexandria
After conquering Eygpt Alex moved into Mesopotamia and finshed the job of defeating Darius 111 and the persian
The capital city of Persian Empire, Persepolis (in iran) was burned by alex as possilble revenge for the perisain buring athens
Greek empire split into 3 sections
Greek city states led by antigonus
Eygpt led by ptolemy
Former persian Empire ruled by seleucus
Leaders all ruled with absolute power \\
The spread of the Hellanistic Culture
Hellenistic culture becames common all throughout the greek empire
Greek, Eyptian, Perisain, cultures mixed
Language- Koine
Trade
Cities
Science and Technology
Alexandria of Eygpt
Right off the meditrainnian
ANicient library- will all books and scrool a place for people to come and think
Light house
Mathematics
Euclid established geometry
Archimedes came up with pi and law of lever
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