Monday-
Plato
- Greek philosopher
- only known source discussing location of Atlantis
- It's a myth-Atlantis has elements that people love to fantasize about
Mycenaeans
- controlled the area around Greece from 1600 BC-1100 BC
- heavily influenced by the Minoans
- much more war-like than Minoans(based on art)
- known for their trade around the Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea-no money exchanged-they traded their olive oil, scented oils, and wine for gold, ivory, copper and glass
- known for their piracy on the seas surrounding Greece
- known for their city-states-Athens, Mycenae, Plyos, Tiryns
- historians aren't sure if city-states were independent or more united
- Mycenaean's did unite to fight the Trojan War against Troy
- The Mycenaean's fell apart due to wars and the Sea people's sacking their city-states
- Eventually the Dorians came down from the North and took over Greece
Tuesday-
Dorians(1150-750 BC)
- Came from the area North of Greece
- Less advanced than the Mycenaean's
- Trade and culture slowed
- Greece went into a Dark age
Homer-
- Was a Greek epic poet from 750-700 BC
- Narrative poems celebrated heroic deeds
- The Iliad was a bout the Trojan War Odyssey was a sequel that was after the Trojan War
Trojan War(1194-1184 BC)
- Fought between the Mycenaean Greeks and Troy
- War began after the abduction of Queen Helen of Sparta by the Trojan prince, Paris
- Helen's husband, Menelaus, convinced his brother Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, to lead an expedition to get her back
- Agamemnon was joined by the Greek heroes Achilles and Odysseus
- They crossed the Aegean Sea and laid siege to Troy
- Demanded Helen's return
City States
Polis
- city-Minneapolis, Indianapolis
Acropolis
- a settlement in a city on higher ground used for defense and a place to discuss politics
Monarchy
- government ruled by one person-king, queen
Aristocracy
- government ruled by a small group of wealthy, landowning families
Oligarchy
- a government ruled by a few powerful people
Tyrant
- powerful individuals who seize control from the government
- could be good or bad
- today we see it as a bad thing
Democracy
- ruled by the people
- Athens had perhaps the worlds first democracy
- only allowed citizens to participate
- women, slaves and foreigners were were not citizens
Military State
- a state that bases its economic model on the sustainment of its armed forces
Helot
- a peasant bound to the land
Phalanx
- a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and sheildsd
Persian Wars
- a series of wars in the fifth century BC in which Greek city-states battled the Persian Empire
Education in Athens
- only for the sons of wealthy famies
- started at age 7 and focused on developing good citizens
- studied reading, grammar, poetry, history, math, music, logic and public speaking
- public debate and athletics were also stressed
- once older, students went to military school
- girls were educated by their mothers in the home to do cleaning, cooking, child-rearing, etc
Sparta
- Sparta was very powerful and had its own army
- defeated the Messiaen in 725 BC and in 650 BC
- unlike Athens and other city states, it did not have democracy
- built a military state
- Sparta conquered other city-states to gain wealth and power
- valued duty, strength and discipline over freedom, beauty and learning
Spartan Classes
- only men born in Sparta were citizens
- women were not allowed to become citizens
- the second class in Sparta were people who came from city-states or other countries
- they could own businesses but not become citizens
- the third class were helots/slaves
- worked the fields or were servants
Spartan warriors
- learning to read and write in Sparta was not very important
- training to become a good soldiers was stressed
- young boys left home at 7 and trained to be soldiers until they were 30
- Athletics was also stressed
Wednesday-
Spartan Women
- service to Sparta was stressed
- received some military training
- athletics were stressed
- had quite a bit of freedom in comparison to Athens
- could run family estates when husband was off at war
Persian Wars(Greco-Persian)
- fought between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states(Athens, Sparta, Thebes, etc.)
- problems started when Cyrus the Great took over Ionia in Greece in 546 BC
Ionian Revolt(499-493 BC)
- The Ionians(Greeks) led a revolt against the Persians after Cyrus the Great died
- The Ionian revolt was lead by Athenian General Militiades
- Ionian asked Athens to help them, which they did
- Darius quickly suppresses the Ionian revolt but is very angry at the Greeks
- Darius the Great vowed to burn Athens to the ground before he died
Miltiades Escapes
- Miltiades escapes back to Athens and tells the Athenians that the Persians are coming burn Athens
- This sets up the beginning of the Great Persian War
Ancient Greece vs Civilization of Persia
- Persia was the largest empire in the world at the time and consisted of millions of people
- Ancient Greece was about 500,000
- It was truly a David and Goliath battle
Athens and Sparta United
- Athens and Sparta had been fighting for hundreds of years
- They now fought not for Athens or for Sparta but for Greece
Battle of Marathon(490 BC)
- 25,000 Persians
- 10,000 Athenians
- Greeks won ( a lot of Persian soldiers)
- How did the Athenians win?
- Phalanx
- The Persians were lightly armored and not prepared
Thursday-
Pheidippides
- After the battle ended, he ran from Marathon to Athens to tell the Athenians of the victory over Persia
- Guess how many miles it was from Marathon to Athens?
- 26 miles
Battle of Thermopylae(480 BC)
- ten years after the Battle of Marathon, Persia once again invaded Greece
- Darius the Great's son, Xerxes, made it a goal to destroy Athens
- The Persians won the Battle of Thermopylae but not before the Spartan soldiers held out for days allowing many Greeks troops to retreat
- The movie 300 is based on the battle
Battle of Salamis
- At the naval Battle of Salamis, the Greeks destroyed the Persian Navy
- The Persians were never the same after that and were eventually driven out of Greece
- After the Persian Wars, the Delian League was established setting up an alliance between the Greek city-states.
Greek god-any supernatural being worshiped as controlling some parts of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force
Titan-any of a family of giants in Greek mythology born of Uranus and Gaea and ruling the earth until overthrown by the Olympian gods
Heroes-men or women of special strength, courage, or ability
Myths-a traditional or legendary story, usually with a being, hero, or event and connected to religion
Creatures-an imaginary being of myth or fable, a monster, an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts
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