Monday - Bruns continuted the power point
Roman Treatment of People Taken Over
- Areas right next to Rome, such as the Latins, became full Roman citizens
- In other areas of Italy further away, groups became citizens, but could not vote
- In areas outside of Italy, groups became allies
- Groups were able to govern themselves but were expected to supply troops when needed and not make treaties with other groups
- This lenient policy allowed the Roman Empire to last a long time
Punic??
- “Punic" comes from the Latin word Poenicus, meaning "an inhabitant of Carthage"
- Carthage was founded by Phoenicians, and Poenicus is the Latin word for "Phoenician“
- Remember the Phoenicians?
Rome vs. Carthage-3 Punic Wars
264-146 BCE
- The First Punic War was fought for control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean
- Lasted 23 years--264-241 BCE
- Rome won
- The Second Punic War was started by Carthage to get revenge from the previous loss
- Lasted 16 years--218-202 BCE
- Rome won
- The Third Punic War was started by Carthage(kind of) because they broke part of the treaty they signed after the 2nd Punic War
- Lasted three years--149-146 BCE
- Rome won
The Second Punic War-218-202 BC-Long Video
- Hannibal, a brilliant Carthaginian general, led a massive surprise attack on Rome
- Led a force of 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 60 elephants up through Spain, France and into Italy crossing the Alps mountains in the process
- Lost nearly half of his men and most of his elephants before reaching the Romans
- For almost ten years, Hannibal marches his men up and down Italy
- Had a lot of victories, but ultimately lost when the Romans(Scipio) attacked Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return home
- Rome won
Tuesday- Watched Videos
Wednesday - Finished Videos
Events Between the 2nd and 3rd Punic Wars
201 BCE-150 BCE
- The Treaty that ended the 2nd Punic Wars caused Carthage to lose all land outside of where Carthage was(see next two slides)
- The Treaty also said that Carthage could have no army
- Shortly thereafter, Carthage was attacked by the Numidian king, Masinissa, who was an ally of Carthage in the 2nd Punic War
- Since Carthage could not have an army, they asked to Rome to help
- Rome dragged its feet, reluctant to give aid to Carthage
Rome sent Cato the Elder, an ambassador and veteran of the 2nd Punic War, to Carthage to discuss the situation
- Cato the Elder went back to Rome and told of how well off economically Carthage was and that Carthage should be destroyed!!
- Cato hated Carthage and was very biased
- Eventually, Carthage defended themselves and in doing so, broke the peace treaty
This led to the 3rd Punic War
Third Punic War-149-146 BCE
- 53 years after the 2nd Punic War
- Rome went on the offensive and laid siege to Carthage
- The Romans burned the city, 200,000 Carthaginian people died and 50,000 were sold into slavery
- Carthage was no more and became the Roman colony called Africa
- With Carthage out of the picture, Rome would continue it’s conquests in the upcoming decades and be the dominant power in the area
- See slides 72-73
Thursday- Bruns Continued with the PowerPoint
The Roman Republic Falls Apart
- Why?
- The growing gap between rich and poor—income inequality
- As Rome took over areas, it took in slaves as well
- By 100 BC, slaves made up 33% of Rome’s population
- Small farmers couldn’t compete with the rich landowners and had to sell land leaving them homeless-many became soldiers
- The "victorious soldier problem"
- The growing gap between rich and poor—income inequality
Two tribunes, Tiberius and Gaius, were murdered, after pushing for giving land to the poor.
CAUSE
Rapid expansion of the Roman Empire
EFFECT
Difficult to govern with a republican form of gov’t
CAUSE
Greedy, dishonest leaders
EFFECT
The poor felt no loyalty to the Roman government who were keeping them poor.
CAUSE
The poor felt no loyalty to the Roman government who was keeping them poor.
EFFECT
Conflicts between rich and poor people grow.
CAUSE
Professional soldiers who were poor citizens and only made money if they won a battle.
EFFECT
Soldiers only loyal to the generals who paid them
CAUSE
Power hungry generals(Caesar) fight one another for control of government
EFFECT
Caesar’s rivals fear he is becoming too powerful and declare him a public enemy
CAUSE
Caesar crosses the Rubicon River and brings his army with him to Rome
EFFECT
Civil War breaks out for three years
CAUSE
Caesar defeats Pompey and declares himself dictator
EFFECT
This ends the Republican system of government in Rome
Gaius Julius Caesar’s Résumé
- Grew up in a patrician family
- Father died when he was 16
- Married Cornelia in 84 BCE
- Became the High Priest of Jupiter
- There was a Civil War in Rome and the person Caesar backed lost
- Due to this, Caesar joined the military to hide from Sulla, the new dictator
- Fought in Asia and Cilicia
Julius Caesar’s Résumé
- After Sulla’s death, Caesar returned to Rome and went into politics
- During his travels, was captured by pirates--Story
- Became Governor of Spain, a Roman province in 61-60 BCEg
Julius Caesar’s Résumé
- In 60 BCE, Julius Caesar joined forces with Crassus, a wealthy Roman, and Pompey, a popular general
- With their help, Caesar was elected Consul in 59 BCE
- For the next ten years, these three men dominated Rome as a triumvirate, a group of three rulers
- Was known as the First Triumvirate
Julius Caesar’s Résumé
- After being Consul for one year, became Governor of Gaul(France and Belgium) from 58-50 BCE
- Caesar’s power and popularity concerned Crassus and Pompey back in Rome
First Triumvirate Falls Apart
- Crassus was killed in a battle in Syria so he was out of the picture
- Pompey became jealous of Caesar’s power and popularity so the Senate ordered Caesar to disband military and return to Rome to face trial
- Caesar refused and instead crossed the Rubicon River in 49 BCE and attacked Pompey’s troops
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