So, today we started the class learning that the earliest we will discuss our chapter 9 blog will be Tuesday, latest starting Wednesday, so try to have that finished by then.My topic for the Chapter 9 Project thing will be on Working Hours.for this you need to research on what the progessives (people working for the progressive movement, eventually a political party) did to get change for our topic. You will need before, during, and present information and stats and that wonderful stuff.Mr. Bruns encourages that you start to read chapter 9 so you can get the "big picture."I am just doing this to help me study....Ch. 5.1:-Describe Native American culture.The native americans were people that lived off the land. They beleied tha they were meant to be one with nature.-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?They moved mainly for that land and for natural resources-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?The Daw's Act- which granted land to native americans-Describe a cowboy's life.tough- hard work, physical labor, boring weeks on the open rangeCh. 5.2:-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?Homestead Act, offered160 acres of land free to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of thehousehold. People settled west and worked on and for the railroads.-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?lack of natural resources, disease, indians, land was not fertile-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?railroads taking advantage of them and the land, lack of resourcesCh. 5.3:-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?people like farmers and lenders who banded together to try to get the government to pass laws to make working conditions better for themCh. 6.1: (October 12)-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?the production of steel, oil, and other resources-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?light bulb-made working easier, telephone-made communication easier, typewriter-made business easierCh. 6.2: (October 8)-What impact did railroads have on the US?Time Zones, transportation, made the world flat, (yes that is a good thing) created jobs, helped the economy-Why were many people upset with the railroads?Unfair prices, rates, misuse of land grants, cheated the system of land grants,-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?Made laws to regulate railroads, ICA regulated railroad rates.Ch. 6.3:-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.He was the second richest man of his time, after John D. Rockefeller. He had his own business in the steel industry and made a lot of money in the stocks. He was an immigrant from Scotland, and grew up in a poor family-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.He was the richest man at his time, he was in the oil industry. He was hated by a lot of people because of the way he treated the workers and other businesses. Like Carnegie's, he was a true rags to riches story.-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?survival of the fittest-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).
-How did the government try to regulate business?Sherman Anti-Trust Act was an act made to regulate business by taking away monopolies. The Sherman Trust Act was made to make sure that companies were being fair, and if it was found that a company was breaking the rules, that company would be broken up. This was the opposite of laissez-fairre. If companies were not fair the government could step in.-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?Labor Unions were the people who went on strike to get better working conditions. The labor uninons were the people who brought us the weekend, child labor laws, overtime, minimum wage, injury protection, workmen's compensation insurance, pension security, the right to organize, ect. The labor union had power because of their large numbers.It would be like the all teachers across America going on strike, because of their large number they would most likely prosper. Most countries made labor unions illegal. Labor Unions obviously hust big business, because back then the factory owners took advantage of the workers, and they did not want all of the workers to go on strike. Child and women labor laws were the first thing the Labor Unions got. Labor Unions were not always succsessful, generally, everybody in this period were against the strikers. All the strikers really wanted were better working conditions, but it was very difficult to fight the powers against it.. they were succsessful in the matter of over the years in how much they accomplished at getting better working conditions for the people of today.Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.use notes from above (:Ch. 7.1: (october 9)Why did immigrants come to the US?work, famine, and land shortageWhere did immigrants come from?Europe, Latin America, ChinaWhat problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?Steam Ship, atleast a week long trip. Traveled in super cheap rooms, having to sleep in lice infested bunks, disease spread, food was gross, some people died, extremes of weather, dirty, stinky, sweaty, way gross. They were asked very hard questions and were put through hard tests not only about knowledge but you had to be in certain physical shape you had to have money and ect.Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?People wanted to put a restrict on immigration because of racism and they were nativists. They did not want the natives to come in. They were very selfish and did not like them taking jobs. The immigrants were willing to work for less so it was hard to ask for a raise because the boss would just be like no thanks I'll just fire you are hire this immigrant that is willing to work for measly wages. They thought they were better getting paid over here than they were from where they came from so they figured that they were doing pretty good. In 1882 the Chinese Exclusion act was passed. This act banned entry to all Chinese except students, teachers, merchents, and government officials. The other restriction was called the Gentlemen's Agreement. In 1907-1908 Sanfrancisco segregated school and seperated Japanese children from white children. They compromised to join Japanese and White children at school if they stopped sending over people.The Challenges of UrbanizationChapter 7, Section 2Ch. 7.2Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?because of farming improvements people moved to the americas, and there were a lot of new immigrants, and because their were more opportunities in the citiesWhat problems did cities face due to the rapid increase in population?increase of crime, not very good living conditions, there was a lot of disease coming in because people would like throw trash out of their windows and they let pigs run loose in the streets to eat the garbage, there was a lot of poverty, there were a lot of fires, no good transportationWhat did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?they invented indoor plumbing, they got better transportation, they set up full time fire fighters and police officers, they created sewage systems,Ch. 7.3What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?The political machine ran the day to day activities of the political parties within a city. There were the democratic political machines that ran the day to day democratic parties, and the republican political machines.Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.Boss William Marcy Tweed was the political boss who hired and fired police. He was also the head of the democratic political machine, the democrats had much control over New York. He had more power than the mayor. Immigrants loved him because once they came across Ellis Island he would have his people meet up with them and give them money and houses and such as long as in return they would provide their loyalty. Spoils System-when people in political parties would give certain jobs to certain people if they gave them money. When you give people jobs that voted for you even if you don't really know them, just give them jobs if they give you votes.Boss Tweed was in controll of the election, meaning he counted the votes. "In counting there is strength," so basically whoever Tweed wanted to win the election, they would win the election, all because he was in complete controll. Tweed was a vulture that picked at the bones of New York and the Law and the Treasure according to a cartoon. The Tweed Ring was all of the people who worked for Boss Tweed, people never really complained about how things were going, they didn't really know any better. The Tweed people looked like they were doing a lot of good and beautiful things while in reality they were stealing from them. They were devious people that supposedly only cared about money.What caused all this corruption in government?There was a lot of coruption at this time, although things looked good, corruption was bad.Dishonest people. lack of government laws, lack of leadership, the spoils system and patronage,What laws came about to reform government?The Spoils system caused a lot of problems at this time.The Pendleton Civil Service Act- this act required people to take a test to prove that they were worthy of a person having a position in the government. There was still a little act from the Spoils System at this time.Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?Reform President- trying to help the common person. Presidents like this often only served one term, because people like this were not liked by the rich Rich people thought this was messing up the system of them making millions and the common people making absolutely nothing. .Status Quo President- wanted the rich to control everything and not care about the poor common peoplestatus quo known as stalwartsreformers known as half-breedsUlysses S. Grant, status quoRutherford B. Hayes, reformerJames Garfield, reformerChester Arthur, was a status quo, but switched to a reformer because of the death of James GarfieldGrover Cleveland, only president to serve two not-consistent terms, reformerBenjamin Harrison, status quoGrover Cleveland, reformerWilliam Mckinley, status quo guyScience and Urban LifeChapter 8, Lesson 1-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?There were skyscrapers, which made it so you did not have as many buildings in a city, they just made them taller.Electric cars such as trolly cars made it faster for people to transport from one place to another. Railrouads made our cities bigger and bigger, and it made the world flat. Because of this they could get to their work faster if they lived in urban areas.Printing presses were invented at this time. Because of this there were more books and newspapers to keep the people informed. In 1890 the literacy rate also grew.Airplanes were invented by the Wright brothers. Planes were very important in our history.Early in the days it took forever to take a picture, but in 1880 there were advancements in Photography.Expanding Public EducationChapter 8, Section 2-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?Reforms led to a rise in national literacy and the promotion of education. By the civil war most states had public schools. Many kids of school age were not able to get an education, and a lot of kids that went to school did not move on to high school. It was hard for them to go because they either had to like help on the farm of they had to travel too far to get there.Back then the government thought every common man was an idiot, which helped decide the electoral colleges. The government did not trust the common people, they thought they would vote for a crazy person.There was a law passed that children ages 8-14 had to go to school for 12-14 weeks. This was so people had time to go to school yet still have time to go work on the farm back home. Now-a-days things are kinda flip-flopped because we are required to have about that amount of time off.The curriculums were reading writing and math, and the schools were very very strict. Because of this the children were often very unhappy, leading the parents to criticize the schools, but there were not many teachers so they could not do much anout it..At the time kindergarten was invented because women going to work had nowhere for their children to go, so they were sent to school. It helped the families structure because children were becoming more intelligent.At the time they did not want women teachers to marry because they needed more teachers and they thought it was wrong for the children to see a pregnant women.The African Americans were not able to recieve a very good education. Their teachers were not all that educated, but this was mainly in the south. In the north blacks were able to recieve a slightly better education.At the time there was a major growth in high school because of high competition in the world, and because the world was expanding it was super important for people to have a proper education. There were new courses for the men to be prepared for industry and for the women to be prepared for office work.Immigrants were widely accepted with educantion, because the people wanted them to be Americanized. They quickly learned a chauvenistic attitude. There were many jews that came to America at the time.There were Catholic Schools created at the time to keep the background for the immigrants because not all people wanted to be completely Americanized. There were small towns established around a German Catholic backgrounds, such as the towns bordering Harlan.-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?The High school attendence went up. although more people went to high school, not everyone graduated and got their diploma and graduated... the economy demanded that this changed and more people worked to get their diplomas so they could go to college and get a better job.The end of the civil war sparked a movement for higher education for blacks, they wanted to learn and not just be a field hand. They had to go to great extents to get to a school. There was the Freemens Bureau that was a group that tried to get more funding for black schools but they didn't get much.The desegregation action included Booker T Washington who was the first African American to get a docterite. He founded the Tuskagee Normal and Indutrial Institute. Booker T was more like a Martin Luther King. W.E.B. Du Bois was like the Malcom X of the time who demanded the Niagra Movement.Notable activists were William Torrey Harrison, Booker T Washington, and W.E.B. Du Bois.Ch. 8.3:-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.Chapter 8, Section 4The Dawn of Mass Culture-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.Coney island- a popular place where a lot of people went for entertainment, it was an amusement park.Bicycling-first made with big front tires and rubber wheels. This was a big part of the women suffrage movement.Tennis-was originated in North Wales in 1873. Some guy brought tennis to the U.S, his neighbors thought her was putting up a net to catch birds in when he started. This is when cocacola was invented and other brands.Boxing-people were crazy about this sport, they would croud around radios to listen to the matches.Baseball-always the American sport, people were also very into baseball, and it was very popular.New Ways of Shopping uban shopping came, and so did chain stores with places such as HyVee, which are stores that are everywhere all over the place. Magazines for advertising
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