Monday-Mr. Bruns makes a big come back. Top 5 comebacks in history(Mr Bruns opinion)
Empire-big leader that owns a lot of land
Great Empires in history-
- Umayyad Caliphate-8% of earth's landmass
- Yuan Dynasty-9% of earth's landmass- 60 million people in 1291--17% of the worlds population
- Qing-10% of the earth's landmass-432 million people in 1851--35% of the world population
- Spanish Empire-13% of earth's landmass-68 million people
- Russian Empire-15% of earth's landmass-176 million people
- Mongol Empire-16% of earth's landmass-110 million people
- British Empire-22% of earth's landmass-533 million people
Other notable empires
- Achaemenid empire-50 million people
- Ottoman empire-110 million people
- Portuguese Empire-unknown number of people
- Ancient Egypt-1-2 million people
Tuesday-The Great Roman Empire
Romulus defeats Remus and builds his city on Palatine Hill naming it after himself-Roma
Why did Rome ending up being the place of the next great civilization in the West?-has a water source and has mountains, lots of good farm land. Almost made for a civilization to thrive. At a great spot to conquer other lands.
The first Romans(1000 BC-500 BC)-
Latins
- built the original settlement at Rome on Palatine hill
- This is where Romulus and Remus were found by the she-wolf
The Greeks
- Established colonies in southern Italy and Sicily
- Brought Greek ideas to Italy
Estruscans
- came from northern Italy
- Skilled metalworkers and engineers
- had a writing system with an alphabet that the Romans adopted
- greatly influenced Roman architecture
- introduced the arch
- outside of Greece, one of the most advanced civilizations in Europe during this time
- not much is known about them since there are no Etruscan history documents or literature
What is a Republic?-government run by the people through elected representatives
Direct Democracy-majority rules(popular vote)
Wednesday-
The Early Republic- 600-509 BC
- The Estruscans were the group that helped Rome grow into a large city
- Under the Estruscans, Rome was ruled by a king until 509 BC
- King Tarquin the proud was a tyrant and was overthrown by Brutus, the founder of the Roman Republic
The Roman Republic-509-27 BC
- Set up after King Tarquin was overthrown in 509 BC
- Set up as a republic
- Citizens were free-born males only
- "the senate and the people of Rome"
Who were the Roman citizens?
- The roman concept of the citizen evolved over time
- all males over 15 who were descended from the original tribes of Rome became citizens
- Citizens of Rome distinguished themselves from slaves and other non-citizens by wearing a toga
- The full citizen could vote, marry freeborn persons, and buy and sell things
- Some citizens were not allowed to vote or hold public office, but maintained the other rights
- some citizens could vote and practice commerce, but could not hold office or marry freeborn women
- In the late Republic, male slaves who were granted their freedom could become full citizens
The roman Republic Patricians and Plebeians
- Upper class-patricians-wealthy landowners, 5% of the population, controlled the most valuable land, held the key military and religious
- Middle class-Plebeians-peasants, laborers, artisans, shopkeepers, 95% of the population, very few privileges and say but could vote(males), paid most of the taxes and served in the army
- Lower class-slaves and freedman
- Rome's leaders eventually allowed plebeians to form their own assembly and elect representatives called tribunes
- plebeians would refuse to work and join the military.
- These tribunes worked to protect the rights of peleians
- why was this important step for the 'common people"
- let them have a say and change things the way they needed to be
Thursday-
Executive, Legislative, Judicial, just like the US does.
Senate-like ours
Assemblies-like our house of representatives
The Roman Republic-the government
- Dictators were chosen by the Consuls and elected by the senate in times of crisis
- They had absolute power for six months to make laws and control the army
- then had to step down
Example of Roman Dictator
- Cincinnatus-Cincinnati, Ohio is named after him
- During a severe military emergency, the Roman Senate called Cincinnatus from his farm to serve as dictator and to lead the Roman army
- Cincinnatus stepped down from the dictatorship and returned to his farm only 15 days after he successfully defeated Rome's enemies
The 12 tables
- in 451 BCE, some officials started writing down Rome's laws onto tablets
- These became the 12 tables and the basis for Roman law
- these 12 tables were held in the forum-their government building
- the laws were designed to grantee equal treatment under the law
- 12 tabels
- trials, debt, rights of fathers, land rights, public law
Laws from the 12 tables
- Females shall remain in guardianship even when they have attained their majority
- A send thrift is forbidden to exercise administration over his own goods
- it is permitted to gather fruit falling down on another man's farm
- "if a father surrender his son for sale three times, the son shall be free"
- Marriage-if a man and women live together for a year they are then called married
- whoever lies should be pushed off of a cliff
- Marriage shall not take place between a patrician and a plebeian
The Roman Republic-the military
- the military was a very important part of making Rome into a major power
- all citizens who owned land were required to serve in the military
- Legions were made up of large(5,00) groups of infantry
- legions were broken down into smaller(80) groups called a century
- a centurion led the century
- each legion had a Calvary unit for support
Friday- No school
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