Ch. 5.2 Haley:-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?gave people the chance to get some land for freehelped people get placesit was their way of transporting their goods-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?extreme hardship, droughts, floods, fires, locust plagues, weather-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?farmers had trouble with the cost of shipping their grainfarmers found themselves in debt to buy more land to keep up with the rise and fall of wheat pricesnew farm machinery was invented to help speed up the farming, but the machines were to expensive to buyCh. 5.3:-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?Prices of the crops were fallingBanks were foreclosing on themGood farming land was becoming scarceproblems with the railroads-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?made up of farmersgive people more say in the gov'tCh. 6.1 Becka R.:-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?A wealth of natural resourcesGov't had more support for businessesA growing urban populationCheap labor and markets for new productsavailibility of cheaper steel-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?The Bessemer Process-made steel cheaper so people could build morethe light bulb-made light so people could see at night if they were reading a booktypewriter-made it so people could write on paper quicker than if you were writing with a pen, he put the letters qwerty together because they were used a lot, helped women get more jobs, helped with schools to make things more readablethe telephone-alexander graham bell invented it, another guy also tried to patent it, both raced to patent it at the same time,electricity-became world wide making life easierFridge-made it possible to store foods at a cool temperature, this made food last longer and food poisoning caused of rotting food occurs lessCh. 6.2 Zach A.:-What impact did railroads have on the US?it made so that we could move west much easier and that it would be for the settlersit brought hope and faith to americansveterans made the tracks for the trains and native americans attacking themtrade things a lot quicker-Why were many people upset with the railroads?misuse of gov't landrailroads sold tho other businesses rather than to setlers as the gov't intended-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?they took political action the took state and local political candidatesthe established maximum freight and passenger rates and prohibit discriminationgrangers were farmers that came back to fight against the railroadsCh. 6.3 Joe A.:technical difficulties for a few minutes-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.Born to a poor family in Scotland in 1835Moved to the US in 1848Got his first job when he was 13 and earned $1.20 per weekHis boss gave carnegie a chance to buy stock-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.Born July 8th, 1989second of six childrenstarted first business when he was 19Established standard oil company in ohioPaid employees extremely low wagesSold oil for much less money than it cost to makewhen there were no competitors left he jacked the prices upused trust agreements to merge with other companies-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?Theory based on charles darwins theory of evolution, natural selection, that says the individueals who have wealth and power possess biological superiority in the struggle for existence. survival of the fittest, the strong survive and the weak die off-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).Vertical Integration- process of buying out the companies supplies such as coal fields, iron mines, rail roadsHorizontal Integration-buying out other companies that produce the same product in order to eliminate the competition (page 242)Trusts- are a type of company merger, companies joining togetherstocks are turned over to a group of trustees who run each company as a large corporationThe companies were entitled to dividends on profits amde by the trusts-How did the government try to regulate business?protect the small business and competition between companiesThe Sherman anti trust act the first measure to prohibit trustsmade it illegal for companies to form a trust that interfered with interstate or foreign trade-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?workers were paid very little a week and worked many hoursthe jobs were dangerous, in 1882 and average of 672 workers were killed in work related accidents each weekLarge scale labor unions first formed in 1886Labor unions are groups of skilled and unskilled workers that work together to make their working conditionsWere labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.Yes and No. No earlier on, but as time went on they made bigger gains, eventually achieve the 8 hour workday, get children out of the workplace, better wagesCh. 7.1 Cesar:Why did immigrants come to the US?They came to escape religous persecution, gold rush, escape political turmoilWhere did immigrants come from?Europe, Russia, Chinese, Japanese, Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and other islandsWhat problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?didnt get fresh air most of the time, share toilets, travelled in steerage (cheapest way to travel)Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?Nativists thoust that immigrants from the right country such as germans, english, scandinavians, were ok.Thought problems were caused by Latins and Asians.A nativist group in 1887 launched attacks against catholicsMany colleges, businesses social clubs refused JewsCh. 7.2 Amy:Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?Mass Transit-desined to move large numbers of peopleElectric Subway-1897Street Cars-1873What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?housing in tenements, if you lived in one you would probably live with 4-5 other families in it when there would only be room for one family so people would get sickWhat did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?jane addams and the settlement house, garbage collection start, fireman got started, tried to buetify the cities by building parksCh. 7.3 Marea:What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?organized group that controls all activities of a political party in a city, offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political or financial support, the political machines took over local gov'ts after the war, organized like a pyramid, ward bosses and city bosses worked together to get the candidate they wanted into officeTell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.Born in 18231851 began to build a power base in tammany and then was elected in the democratic party1876 elected for governor of new york and nearly won presidency in electoral college to Hayesdied in jail in 1878the tweed ring scandal defruaded the city , openly bought votes, encouraged judicial corruption and controlled new york politicsWhat caused all this corruption in government?dishonest people like Tweed, the spoils systemWhat laws came about to reform government?Pendleton civil service actUlysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?Stalwarts-status quo V.S. Half Breed-reformersHalf breed-Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Chester Arthur (changed to a half breed after he figured out that Charles Gatoo shot Garfield so he could become president), Grover ClevelandStalwarts-Ulysses S. Grant, Chester Arthur, Benjamin Harrison, William MckinleyCh. 8.1 Nate D.:-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?skyscrapers, building up instead of making them so wide and bigCh. 8.2 Dustin:-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?if you were 8-14 you had to go to school at least 12-16 weekschildren attended school at a younger agehalf a million students attended school during the early 1900'sincluded courses science, social studies, and civicsonly 2.3% of America's young people attended colleges and universities because they had families they had to get back to or they had families of their ownCh. 8.3:-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?some states in the south limited voting rightsThe Grandfather Clause: The grandfather clause stated that if a man failed the literacy test or couldn't pay the poll tax then if his father or grandfather could vote before January 1, 1867Jim Crows Laws: During the 1870's and '80s supreme court failed to overturn the poll taxer the grandfather clause-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.Plessy, having white skin wanted to sit in an all white skin railway carriage but was asked to sit in an all black railway carriageViolating a 1890 Loiusiana law that stated separate but equalThe decision established the doctrine of separate but equal which allowed to maintain segregated facilities for blacks and whites as long as they provided equal serviceAt trial with justice John Ferguson presiding. Plessy was found guilty on the grounds that the law was a resonable exercise of the states police powers based upon custom, usage, and tradition in the statePlessy filed a petition for rights of prohibition and certain in the supreme court of Louisiana against Ferguson, asserting that segregation stigmatized balcks and stamped them with a badge of inferiority in violation of the 13th and 14th amendment.Ch. 8.4 Nate D., Joey, and Dustin:-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.Amusement parks started in 1894 and 1893cycling started in 1885 as a only male sportthe first tennis match in the US was in the 1880'sthe AL formed in 1900 and the NL formed in 1876Ch. 9.1 Mine (no notes):-Define the Progressive Era and why it started(goals).-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?-What did local government do to reform itself during the Progressive Era?-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business?-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer?-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor?-What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work?-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers?-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic?-What did the 17th Amendment do?Ch. 9.2 Andrew J.:-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era.during the civil war only upper and middle class women could stay in the home and make beds, do laundry an stuff like that, there are three types of women: women who lived on farms, factory women, and domestic workers-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.passed 41 years later in 1919 that congress submitted it to the states for ratificationone year later on Auguest 18, 1920 the 19th was passed-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.Susan B. anthony, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Carrie NationCh. 9.3 Cameron R.:-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as Presidentattention to wasting natural resourcesregulation to the railroad industriescleanliness in the meatpacking industry-Square DealBecame known as Roosevelt's ''platform.'' he vowed to be fair to every race, and lead based on his three ideas-Breaking up strikes1902 coal strike: 140,000 minerswent on strike and demanded 9 hour workday 20% raise and the right to organize a union, but the owners were like no we are not going to do that-Regulating railroadsin 1887 congress had passed the interstate commerce act, this forbade railroad owners to get together and fix prices illegally-Regulating food and drugsmeat inspection act- strict cleanlisness procedures untile methods were repalce with more sophisticated ones in the 1900'spure food and drug act-fixing false advertisements, but didn't change what went into the products-Conservationexamples: cutting down trees, plowing the prairies for farm land, cattle over grazing the great plains, sewage and untreated waste were being dumped into rivers and streams, creating health hazards. Solution: set back specific land reserves for forests.-Civil RightsCh.9.4:-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidency:The payne aldrich tariff was a compromise made by taft that only moderated the high rates of Aldrich Bill. This upset the democrats and progressive republicans. Taft angered conversationalists by removing over 1,000,000 acers of forests and mine land from reserved list. Dollar Diplomacy ws the idea that America would use military and diplomacy to help promote bissiness overseas. He brought down 90 trusts. 16th Amendment that allowed the US to collect income tax.-Payne-Aldrich Tariff-Land disputesTaft sold all the land that was Roosevelts.-Breaking up trustsAll three of them broke up trusts but Taft did the most.-You will have to look elsewhere for some other accomplishments as the book is limited-Break-up of the Republican Party2 Republicans: ones that wanted to change and ones that didnt. By min-term election of 1910 the Republicans were shattered with progressives on one side and the "old guard" on the other, Demicrats has gained control of the house and there was a lot of of tension in the republican party.-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election.THe candidates for 1912: woodrow, Roosevelt, Taft, Debs. Wilson won by a landslide Roosevelt came 2nd, Taft wit ha close 3rd and Debs with zero votes.Ch. 9.5:-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President.Accomplishemnts: Banks, Tarriff rates.-Breaking up trusts-Underwood Tariff-16th Amendment-Federal Reserve System-Limits to Progressivism under Wilson
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