10/7
No notes. Mr. Bruns was gone. We watched a video.
10/8
Sparta finished their presentation
Persian Wars-
During the ionian wars, Ionia asked Athens for help and Athens agreed. The Persian leader was livid by the pact and vowed to burn Athens to the ground.
Persian "Peace" Envoy- Darius sent an envoy to the Greek city states asking them to submit "earth and water" - surrender. (You will still rule your land, but I am the king of kings and you will all bow to me- Darius) Athens and Sparta refused although other city states quit. Athens and Sparta killed Persian envoys and Darius responded with a naval invasion of 600 ships and 25,000 men.
Ancient Greece vs Persian Empire- It was a David vs. Goliath battle. Greece was tiny compared to the army of Persia.
Battle of Marathon- 90,000 Persians vs. 10-20,000 greeks. Spartan warriors were known for their good armor, spears, and sheilds. Persians did not have as good armor and used more archery. The Greeks won because they had better armor, equipment, tactics, and the phalanx formation (troops encirled their enemy into a corner).
10/9
The Persians won the battles but it slowed them down enough for the Greek city-states to build up their defences. The Persian victory allowed them to move further into Greece and finally acheive their goal of burning Athens. Soem Greek City-States surrended to the Persians.
The battle of Salamis was a naval battle that the Greeks won easily even though they were outnumbered 500 to 300.
Battle of Platea- The Persians still controlled much of Greece after their loss at Salamis and still had a huge land army. The Greeksfeilded the larges hoplite army ever seen (110,000 from 30 city states). Persians had a similar amount of troops but still lost because Greece had better weapons, tactics, etc.
The Peace Treaty of 449 BCE???- All greek city states of Asia were to be free (not controlled by Persia). Persia was limited on their land where they are not allowed to pass a specific part of Turkey or else they would go to war again.
After the Wars in Greece...
Pericles' Plan for Athens- Three goals:
Strengthen Athenian Democracy- Increase number if paid government jobs that helped the non wealthy.
Strengthen the Empire- Helped establish and eventually led the Delian League after the Persian Wars. Alliance of Greek City States. Grew Athens Navy. Dtarted dominating other city states which lead to conflicts.
Glorify Athens- Used money of the Delian League to buy gold, marble and ivory. They also used this money to hire artists, architecrs and workers to build the buildings and sculptures. Greek sculptures were based on beauty not realism.
Compare and contrast Athenian and US Democracy?
10/10
Phidius was a major architect back in that day and even created one of the seven wonders of the world- The Zues statue.
Greek Drama- Tragedy vs. Comedy. Tragedy was a serious rama about common themes such as war, love, hate, and betrayal. The hero was usually given superhuman abilities. Tragic flaws lead to the heros downfall, which was often pride. Comedy contained cities full of humor and were often political based, and the fact that athenians could critisize their government proved their freedom in the democratic Athens.
This started the "greatest subject in history"- History! Herodotus pioneered the accurate reporting of events. Thucydides beleived that certain events and political situations repeat themselves overtime, so he beleived that history should be studied so it doesnt repeat itself.
10/11
Peloponnesian (Attic) War- 431-404 BCE
What we know about this war came from Thucydides. It was fought between Athens and Sparta and in the end, Sparta won. They went to war because Sparta did not like Athens growth in power and wealth. Sparta's goal was to take over Athenian land and starve them into submission to meeting them in battle. Spartins could only stay in Attica for about 3 weeks before they had to go back to their own land and harvest crops because they were worried about helot (slave) revolts.
Pericles plan for Athens Victory- He wanted to avoid land battles with Sparta and get behind Athen's long wall. They used their navy to invade cities.
In 430 BCE, a plague hit Athens and 30,000 citizens including Pericles and his sons (next in line) died (2/3 of Athens). The fear of the Plague spreading to Sparta cause Spartans to retreat and quit the war in Attica.
Peace of Nicias - first stage of the peace treaty - Athens agreed to help Sparta if their Helots revolted, and this lead to a peace treaty for a while. The treaty stated tha both sides would get most of their land back from before the war. Temples throughout Greece would be open to worshipers from all over.
Peloponisian War Part 2- Athenians are agressor and they try to invade Sicily. There were many reasons why they did this, but one would be to help Ethic Allies (Ionians) that were on the island. Athen's enemy was the Syracusan's and the Spartans. An Athenian general was captured and was going to be killed decided to cave to the Spartan's and tell them all of their plans. Athenians lsot the following battle that the general had told them about.
Peloponisian War Part 3- Decelian War. Sparta is aggressor, invading Attica and eventually taking over the city of Decelia. Their goal was to take over the land and prevent Athens from getting supplies into the city of Athens. This way, Athens had to get all their supplies through the sea.Sparta attacked areas around Athens to prevent Athens from gettign supplies. Now Sparta gets help from Syracusan's and Persian's. Athens followed The Spartans with their navy ad the Spartans went to attack their strongholds. In 405 BCE, the Athenians were defeated in the naval battle of Aegospotami. The Athenians surrendered and the Peloponnisian War ended.
After the War... Sparta took over Athens and took all their riches and resources- they didnt really share with their allies and they were not very happy about this. For a short time, Athens was ruled by Sparta and the Thirty Tyrants. They killed 5% of the Athenian population, seized land, and dismantaled democracy. In 403 BC, the Thirty Tyrants were overthrown and democracy was restored. The Corinthian War was a war between Athens and Sparta, Corinth and many other city-states. Sparta was later beat by Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE, ending Sparta's dominance in areas. Phillip II conquered all of Greece except for Sparta in 338 BCE and his son, Alexander, took over Sparta years later along with many other city-states in 331 BCE.
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