10/29-11/1-- Sparta presentations
- History
- founded by Lacedaemon the son of Zeus and Taygete
- Named after daughter of Eurotas the wife of Lacedaemon
- Fisrt millennium BC
- Rise to power
- militaristic nature of society
- conquest of Messenia
- took their people and made them Helots who provided their military
- provided protection
- thought of as "big brother"
- Persian War
- Peloponnesian War
- Delian(Athens) and Peloponnesian(Sparta) league
- Geography
- south part of Greece called the Peloponnese Region
- close to a river bank- Eurotas river
- used this to get drinking water and to grow crops
- would flood every spring
- climate was hot and dry in the summers and rainy and a little snow in the winter
- 3 borders to keep people from coming in
- Mt. Taygetus, Mt. Arcadian, and Mt. Parnon
- Social Classes
- Spartiates
- Women were treated fairly well
- Born into or adopted by a Spartan family
- could hold office and vote in the Assembly
- Perioeci
- had no Spartan parents or was an untrained adult Spartan
- had legal protection
- could not own land or vote
- were merchants and artisans
- Helots
- born as slaves- descended from first inhabitants
- severly oppressed Spartiates
- worked the land and supported spartiate families
- could own some personal property
- Men
- astronomers
- bards- wrote poetry and performed it in public readings
- farmers
- magistrate- enforced community laws
- professional soldiers
- manual labor done by slaves(Helots)
- storng and fierce
- boys entered state sponsored education, military training and socialization program
- Women
- bakers
- dancers
- spinners
- weaver- wove material using warp weighted looms
- had most fredoms
- more controlling
- mentally and physically strong
- well educated
- could drink wine and eat a lot of food
- married in teens or twenties
- controlled home when husbands were fighting
- Spartiates
- Weddings
- most marriages were arranged
- fight at ceromony then they had a feast
- got maried at 12-15 or sometimes 7
- Divorce
- Father might not want daughter back
- leave her husbands home and considered divorce
- not allowed to hold jobs
- children stayed with husband
- could give wife to another man and were then considered married to that person
- Education
- goal was to produce soldiers
- once they pass the skills and fitness test they become citizens
- Males
- had to go to military school, had no choice
- age 7-18 they trained in disciplined groups
- at age 6-7 they were sent to military school
- taught survival skills and skills to be a great soldier
- very strict
- marched without shoes
- physical activities: gymnastics, running, jumping, javelin, duscus throwing, swimming, and hunting
- Women
- age 6-7 went to school
- taught wrestling, gymnastics, and combat skills
- schools were similar
- age 18 would be assigned a husband only if they passed the skills and fitness test
- if they failed the skills and fitness test they would lose rights as citizens and would go down in class
- goal was to produce soldiers
- Military and Wars
- being a soldier is the only occupation for males
- they were raised as a soldier
- uniform
- helmet, greaves, breastplate, sheild, spear, and short sord
- red cloak/tunic, long hair
- rigorous daily training
- wars were considered holidays to the soldiers because it wasn't as rigorous as the training
- phalanx- heavily armoured soldiers
- King Leonidas
- Spartan Boys
- taken from their families at the age of 7
- kids were raised to be a soldier
- they were put into military-style education
- if a baby had a deformity the were left to die
- at the age of 12 they were forced to sleep outside
- at the age of 20 they had to pass the skills and fitness test and became full citizens
- War
- the peloponnesain war
- between the Athens and Spartans
- Sparta won
- the persian wars
- fights between greek city-states
- the conquering of Messenia
- Sparta conquered a city close to them
- the peloponnesain war
- Oligarchy
- ruled by two kings
- Agiad and Eurypontid families
- they were dynasties- passed down through children(mosly sons)
- They had first pick in land
- they made joint decisions
- overal they had a supreme comander
- Gerousia
- Sparatan state
- they had the highest authority
- consisted of a council of elders(like the senate)
- 28 gerontocrats
- made the decisions and brought them to the kings who had final say
- Apella
- accepted and rejected laws(took 1 vote to reject)
- Elected ephors, elders, and people from the lower state
- met once a month
- Ephors
- supervisors
- 5 people (1 per 5 tribal communities)
- oldest of the 5 was the magistrate
- elected every year(even the magistrate)
- each person could only be a ephor for one year
- had rights to overrule kings if they couldn't agree
- they could accuse anyone of any crime (even the kings)
- ruined the respect for kings
- controlled the private life of monarchs
- monitors physical activity, marketplace, kitchen, private women life
- controled the Crypteia(secret police)
- Peloponnesian Alliance
- Corinth, Epidaurus, Megara, Aegina, and other cities in the Peloponnese
- Social
- Atheltics
- when not at war they were training for athletics
- Olympics were important
- 5 days long
- 18 events
- Events
- pentathlon
- jumping
- discus
- wrestling
- boxing pankration
- equestrian
- cometed in the nude and only men competed
- Hunting
- competition, materials, and food
- Helots(slaves) were used for carrying or dragging what was hunted and killed
- they had to be one on one with nature
- hunted pigs, wild boars, sheep, goats, rabbits, etc
- used spears and bows
- Art and Pottery
- mostly done by women
- bronze showed evolution
- people sculpted what the people did like dancing or wrestling or things
- Ivory Carving
- wealthy offerings
- Used as tithes and offerings to God
- Poetry, Music, and Dancing
- renowned for these although Sparta was warlike
- 4 poets were well known
- people traveled from all over the acient world to see Spartans sing and dance
- People sang while soldiers went into battle
- Nothing remaining from music, some poetry still exists
- Atheltics
10/30- mock elections and presentations
10/31- presentations
11/1- finished presentations
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