Oct. 22- Oct. 26

10/22- no school

10/23- work day on Athens vs Sparta presentations

10/24-10/25-- Athens presentations

History
- Mythological
  - Battle with Athena vs Poseidon
  - Athena grew an olive tree as a sign of peace
  - Poseidon gave a horse as a sign of strength
  - Athens choose Athena
- Prehistoric
  - First apperance of Athens was Acropolis Hill during the final stage of the stone age
  - In 1,400 BC there was Mycenaean City where there were religious centers where people praised Athena
  - During the Dark Age people really started to come to Athens and became under the rule of King Theseus
- Growing city-state
  - Europe, Asia, and Africa surrounded Athens
  - Had the best literature, potery, drama, and schools
- Direct Democracy
  - First city-state in Greece to have a direct democracy
- Had large cities
- Controlled the city Attica
  - Attica was between mountains
    - We controlled them because they had a lot of silver, lead, and marble
Geography
- Located in Greece along a peninsula
- Protected by mountains
- Had underground rivers
  - these rivers were the source of their water
- Hot and dry summers and mild winters
- It rarely snows and it mostly snows
- Beaches were close to the city
Government
- Democracy
  - most common- it was ruled by the athenians
  - Had a direct democracy for 100 years
- Monarchy and Oligarchy
  - They had these two sometimes. They sometimes changed what government they had
- The aristocrats had control of the government and the land
- Land owners were in debt to the wealthy
- Commiting crimes ment you had bad luck from the gods and punishment varied depending on the crime
- All citizens voted yes or no on laws
- Every year there was a drawing of 500 names of citizens
  - The 500 that were choses had to serve in the government for 1 year
  - They were incharge of making and changing the laws
Gender roles
- Women
  - Some could read, play instruments, and own slaves to do household things
  - They couldn't own land, vote, chose their spouse(arranged marrage), sell or own anything of value
- Respectable women
  - The main role was to stay home, be pretty, bear children, and keep the house together
  - Husbands had the right to lock their wife in the house if she wasn't behaving like he wanted
  - They were only seen at religious events, weddings, and funerals
  - Gave birth and home without a midwife
  - Mothers and children had a high morality rate
  - Infanticide
    - Father could decide if they wanted to keep it or not
      - Unwanted or deformed newborns were left outside in a pot
        They died of exposure, dehydration, or asphyxiation
- Divorce
  - It was difficult but not impossible for wives to divorce their husbands
  - It was easier for husbands to divorce their wives
  - Land was turned over to husband when married
    - Returned to the Father of the wife after divorce
  - Wives lost all rights to their children
- Other women
  - Prostitutes
    - unmarried lower class
  - Poor women
    - Lower class than prostitutes
  - Slaves
    - Lowest class and had no rights
  - Priestesses
    - stayed unmarried
    - high status
  - Courtesan
    - intelligent
    - not respected wives
    - educated in singing and dancing(they were performers)
- Men could get a divorce, were the most important people in Athens, could go to war, go out and do things, go to the olympics
Education
- Boys
  - teach the art of war and peace
  - taught by mother or male slave(age 6-7)
- Younger boys
  - taught gracefulness and control
  - went to private or public school
  - had expensive and rare books
    - teachers read the books out loud and the kids memorized them
- Older boys
  - wrestling, boxing, running, lyre, singing
  - education ended at age 13 or 14
    - when their education ended the had to go into apprenticeships or be philosophers
- Girls
  - taught domestic education like housework
  - some were taught how to be courtesans
Entertainment
- Festivals
  - Athens would usually have festivals during weekends
  - The Main Festival was mid month when the moon was full
  - had music, sport competitions, and poetry
  - had sacrifices to gods
- Theatres
  - help up to 14,000 people
  - no more than 3 actors performed at a time
  - the actors wore masks to separate characters
- Olympics
  - began around 776 BCE
  - did it for Zeus every four years
  - started with only sprinting events
  - later added javelin, discus, long jump, and chariot racing
- Pottery
  - used bigger bowls for cooking/storing food
  - smaller bowls for eating/drinking
  - made out of iron-rich clay
Armour and weapons
- Weapons
  - thrusting spear, sword, and shield
- Armour
  - made out of bronze
  - Korinthian type helmet, greaves, and skirts
Peloponnesian war
- started fighting 404-431 BC
- Sparta attacked Athens because they were being greedy and cocky after they won a previous battle
- The war was divided into three phases
  - first- the Archidamian War
  - Second- the Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian expedition
  - third- the Ionian War

10/26-10/29-- Sparta presentation

History

Blogs

Oct. 22- Oct. 26

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