Monday-
Finish the test, work day, talked about election
Tuesday-
Ancient Rome-
What geographic features do you see that would benefit Rome?
- Rivers, Mountains for protection
Advantages of Rome's Geography
- Close to Mediterranean Sea
- Alps and the Apennines Mountain ranges helped to protect Rome
- Located next to the Tiber River
- Contained large plains making it easy to farm
The First Romans-
- Latins
- Built the original settlement at Rome on Palatine Hill
- This is where Romulus and Remus were found by the she-wolf
- Greeks
- Established colonies in southern Italy and Sicily
- Brought Greek ideas to Italy
- Etruscans
- Came from northern Italy
- Skilled metalworkers and engineers
- Had a writing system with an alphabet that the Romans adopted
- Greatly influenced Roman architecture
- Introduced the arch
- Outside of Greece, one of the most advanced civilization in Europe during this time
- Not much is known about them since there are no Etruscan history documents or literature
The Early Republic-
- The Etruscans were the group that helped Rome grow into a large city
- Under the Etruscans, Rome was ruled by a king until 509 BC
- King Tarquin the Proud was a tyrant and was overthrown by Brutus, the founder of the Roman Republic
The Roman Republic-
- Set up after King Tarquin was overthrown in 509 BC
- What is a republic?
- Form of government in which power rests with the citizens who have a right to vote for their leaders
- Citizens were free-born males only
- SPQR- "The Senate and People of Rome"
The Roman Republic- Patrician and Plebeians
- Patricians- Wealthy land owners who had most of the power
- Believed that their ancestry gave them power to make laws
- Plebeians- Farmers, artisans and merchants that made up most of the population
- Were Roman citizens with the right to vote
- Couldn't hold most government jobs
- Eventually, Rome's leaders allowed plebeians to form their own assembly and elect representatives called tribunes
- Tribunes worked to protect the rights of plebeians
The Roman Republic- The Government
- Dictators were chosen by the consuls and elected by the Senate in times of crisis
- They had absolute power for six months to make laws and control the army
- Why allow for this?
- Dictator gets things done quickly
Roman Republic- The Military
- The military was a very important part of making Rome into a major power
- All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the military
- Legions were made up of large (5,000) groups of Infantry
- Legions were broken down into smaller groups of men called a century
- A centurion led the country
- Each legion had a cavalry unit for support
Roman Treatment of People Taken Over
- Areas right next to Rome, such as the Latins, became full Roman citizens
- In other areas of Italy further away, groups became citizens, but couldn't vote
- In areas outside of Italy, groups became allies
- Groups were able to govern themselves but were expected to supply troops when needed and not make treaties with other groups
- This lenient policy allowed the Roman Empire to last a long time
Wednesday-
Talked politics
Thursday-
Rome notes continued
12 tables were the constitution (Know some of them)
How they spread
- The roman republic spread over the years (from a dot, extended into Europe, continued down to Spain, then into greece/north africa, continued into france and up into turkey, then by 40 BC they have control of the Mediterranean)
Rome vs. Carthage- Punic wars 264-146 BC
- They took over the Mediterranean and they ran into some conflicts with an old city state Carthage
- Carthage became Romes arch nemesis
- Rome won because they defeated Carthage with 3 wars and finally beat Carthage and took over the Mediterranean land
The Punic wars
- The first Punic war was fought for control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean
- Lasted 23 Years-- 264-241 BC
- Rome won
- The 2nd Punic war was started by Carthage to get revenge from the previous loss
- lasted 16 yrs -218-202 BC
- Rome won
Friday-
2nd Punic War Continue
- Hannibal, a brilliant Carthaginian general, led a massive surprise attack on Rome
- Led a force of 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry and 60 elephants up through Spain, France and into Italy crossing the Alps mountains in the process
- Lost nearly half of him men and most of his elephants before reaching the Romans
- For almost ten years, Hannibal marches his men up and down Italy
- Had a lot of victories, but ultimately lost when the Romans (Scipio- leader) attacked Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return home
- Rome won
3rd Punic War
- Rome went on the offensive and laid siege to Carthage
- The Romans burned the city and 50,000 people were sold into slavery
- With Carthage out of the picture, Rome would continue it's conquests in the upcoming decades
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