November Week 23-27th

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Monday-

New Diplomacy-

• Imperialistic
• -going out and conquering territory to create an empire
• Alfred Mahan, Henry Cabot Lodge, Teddy Roosevelt
• Stronger Army and Navy

Chapter 10-

• Interventionist
  -especially in Central and South America
• Imperialism became very common with the major powers of the world
• Which countries were the most powerful in 1900?
  -Great Britain, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy(not strong), Russia, US, Ottoman Empire-Turkey, Japan, Spain

Why did the US and other countries look to imperialism?

• Land
• Naval base
• Resources
• Belief in cultural superiority- White Man's Burden
• Trade

Chapter 10-2

The Spanish American War

• Fought in Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico
• 1895- Spain was dwindling empire
• US had been interested in Cuba for a long time
  -US tried to buy Cuba in 1854
• Cubans had been revolting against Spain frequently(1868, 1878, 1886, 1895) wanting independence
• Many felt sorry for the Cubans

Causes of Spanish-American War

• The USS Maine sinking- Main reason we went to war
  -Internal Explosion
  -Blew up
  -Accident
• The Yellow Press
  -Instigated war
  -United the general public to want war with Spain
  -Made people feel sorry for Cubans
• Butcher Weyler and his treatment of Cubans in the concentration camps
• The De Lome Letter
  -Called McKinley weak and catering and spinless
• Jose Marti's destruction of US property in Cuba- making it look as though Spain did it
• To help the Cubans get independence
• Jose Marti
  -Believed the only way they were going to get independence was get support from US
  -Destroyed American property in Cuba
• William McKinley
  -Wanted to promote peace with Spain
  -Gave in to people at war and started preparing for war

What caused an increase in tension between the US and Spain?

• 1895- Civil war broke out in Cuba between Spain and Cubans
• Conflict was described "bloody and brutal"
• Newspapers (Yellow Press) reported the brutality of the Spanish General Weyler

Declaration of War and the Teller Amendment-

• April 25, 1898- US declared war on Spain
• Discuss imperialists vs anti-imperialists in US
• Teller Amendment was added to the declaration of war

Tuesday- Absent

continued notes

• Battle of Manilla Day
  • Navy was outstanding
  • Our navy was new and updated technology
  • Spain's was based on old technology
  • 1898
• Emilio Aguinaldo
  • Allie from Philippines
• Teddy Roosevelt and Leonard Wood
  • Leonard Wood was the boss
• Secretary of State: John Hay
  • "A Splendid Little War"
• Treaty of Paris- 1898
  • Brought an official end to the war
  • Spain gave Cuba independence
  • US got control of the Philippines ($20 million), Guam, Puerto Rico
• Misc
  • US Army was not prepared to fight war
  • Navy was excellent
  • Roughly 3000 US Soldiers died in the war
  • Only 385 battle deaths
  • 2500 died due to disease
  • Lasted April 25-August 12
  • US became an Empire

10.3- Acquiring New Lands

• Puerto Rico
  • granted US citizenship in 1917
  • 1952, a constitution was enacted providing internal self government
  • 2012, majority of Puerto Rico voted for statehood- it is now up to congress

• Cuba
  • 1898- Spain gave control of Cuba to the US with the Treaty of Paris
  • 1902- US granted Cuba its independence as promised with the Teller Amendment
  • US retained the right to intervene to preserve Cuban independence and stability with Platt Amendment
  • US got control of Guantanamo Bay as well a naval base we still have control of today
  • 1934- Platt Amendment was repealed
  • 1 of 5 communist countries today
  • Now have some open trade with Cuba
  • Easier for people to go to Cuba
  • Opening relations
• Philippines
  • What should we do with the Philippines?
    • Annex (make them a state) or independence
  • Educate, uplift, take them, civilize, and Christianize them
  • Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence from Spain on June 12, 1898
  • After Spanish- American War, US took over the islands for $20 million in the 1898 Treaty of Paris
• Philippine- American War
  • broke out after the Filipinos realized US wouldn't give them independence
  • ended with American control over the islands
  • 12,000-20,000 Filipinos soldiers dead
  • 200,000-1.5 million Filipino civilians die
    • Some contend US committed genocide
  • 4,165 US soldiers dead
  • 1935- Philippines was granted Commonwealth status
  • Plans for independence over the next decade were interrupted by WWII when Japanese invaded and took them over
  • Allied troops defeated the Japanese in 1945
  • July 4, 1946, Philippines attained its independence
• China
  • Late 1800's, looking as if China would be carved up like Africa had been
  • China wanted to prevent this from happening
• John Hay
  • Open Door Policy
    • free trade
    • guaranteed China independence
• Teddy Roosevelt Presidency
  • Assumed presidency

Wednesday- Early Out

The First Thanksgiving Video

Panama Canal- How Teddy got control

• Connects North and South America
• Columbia controlled Panama Canal
• Why do we want a canal?
  -Transportation, trade, 
• How did we get control of canal?
  -Bought from France
• A canal across Panama had been desired for a long time. Why?
  
  • France had started construction ga canal but gave up due to cost and disease
  • 1903- US buys French companies route for $40 million
  • Before starting, US had to get permission from Colombia which controlled Panama
  • Colombia refused to allow US entry
  • With support from US, Panama revolted against Colombia
  • November 3, 1903, Panama declared independence from Colombia
  • US and Panama signed canal deal where US would pay $10 million and an annual rent of $250,000
• What are changes we faced?
  • -Huge undertaking, cost money, Cost a lot of lives
• Panama Canal Construction
  • One of biggest engineering undertakings over
  • Had to fight disease (Yellow fever and maleria)
  • Soft, volcanic soil made difficult to remove
  • Over 43,000 workers helped build canal
  • 5,600 workers dies
  • Cost US $380 million 
  • Opened on August 15, 1914
• The Roosevelt Corollary
  • Addition to the Monroe Doctrine
  • 1810-1830- European powers leave, Warning Europe to stay out of Western Hemisphere
  • Said that US would be the police officer between Latin America and Europe
  • The US would use force to protect interests in Latin America
• Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick Diplomacy
  -Would use actions to send a message

Great White Fleet

• Scare people
• Show off
• We're strong

Dollar Diplomacy- President Taft

Thursday- Thanksgiving

Friday- Thanksgiving Break