Monday-
Ch. 9.1
-Define the Progressive Era, why it started and it goals.
- Progressive Era-
Four goals-
1. Protecting social welfare-
- Set up settlement houses for poor- First homeless shelters
- Opened libraries
- Sponsored education classes
- Opened swimming pools
- Set up soup kitchen
- Slum brigades-teach immigrants
- YMCA
- Salvation Army
2. Protecting moral improvement
- Some people felt morality held the key to improving peoples live
- Prohibition- banning of alcoholic beverages was one major program to improve moral improvement
- Why ban alcohol? Wives would get cheated on, kids wouldn't get abused
- Woman's Suffrage-
Carrie Nation- - Had a vision from god.
- Went into bars, went in with a hatchet, broke alcohol bottles
- WCTU- Woman's Christian Temperance Union
- What did these women do? Entered saloons and protested. Would sing and pray in the saloons
3. Creating economic reform
- Moral reformers sought to change individual behavior
- Panic of 1893- cause Americans to question economic system
- Factory workers embraced socialism
Muckrakers- People who wrote about the corpus side of business
- Raked the muck of society
- Exposed the problems of society
- Upton Sinclair- The Jungle-meatpacking
- Ida Tarbell- Exposed the ruthless methods of the Standard Oil Company
- Lincoln Steffens- exposed corruption in government
Continuing Economic reform-
- Progressive leaders put faith in experts and scientific principles to make society more efficient
- Long days, low pay
- Major unbalance in income and how people lived
- Many turned to "socialism"
- Regulations of railroads
- Regulation of business(Sherman Act)
- Child labor laws- kids go to school
- Women and men working hours reduced
- Workmen's compensation
Capitalism-
- Economic system
- The means of production are privately owned
- Changes to go from poor to rich
Socialism-
- Socialism or Economic system
- Property and distribution of wealth are determined by the Government
- Government owns and controls business'
- Elimination of private property-everyone is equal
American Socialist Party-
- Founded in 1901
- Its prominent leader was Eugene V. Debs
4. Fostering Efficiency
- Scientific management to increase efficiency was used in factories
- Frederick Taylor- Time Management studies
- Assembly line
- Henry Form paid works $5 a day
- Progressives also worked for better efficiency in all levels of government
-what impact did they have on our country?
- They were people who wrote about the corpus side of business
- Meat packing industry
- Brought economic reform
Reform at the State Level-
- Smaller local reforms join progressive efforts at the state level
- States passed laws to regulate railroads, mines, mills, phone companies, etc...
Reform Mayors-
- Hazen Pingree- Detroit, Michigan
- Tom Johnson- Cleveland, OH
- Fairer tax structure
- Lowered fares on public transportation
- Building schools, parks, public buildings
Reform Governors-
- Robert M. Follette
- Governor of Wisconsin
- Railroad out of business
- Big business
Protecting Working children-
- Unskilled jobs
- Poverty
- Stunted growth
- Child Labor Committee-1904
- Sent investigators
Efforts to Long Working Hours
- Oregon law
- Bunting VS. Oregon to uphold ten hour work days
- Compensation- money for what they did (Workmens compensation), given hurt or killed
Reforming Elections-
- Initiative a bill originated by the people on the ballot
- Secret ballot or Australian ballot
- Referendum gave citizens the power to create laws
- States adopt secret ballot
- Direct Primary
- Initiative- a bill originated by the people rather than lawmakers
- Referendum- when voters accept of reject the initiative (bill)
- Recall- Enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions
- 17th and 19th amendments
-What did these seven aim at doing??
Direct Election of Senators-
- Direct elected by the people
- Each legislator elected two senators
- Voters elected senators
- Direct election
- 17th amendment
-1913 - Who are our Senators?
-Charles Grassley- Republican
-Joni Ernst- Republican
Tuesday- Video
Wednesday- Presentations
Thursday- Presentations 9-2
Ch. 9.2
-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era.
- Many more women were getting an education
- Many became teachers, maids, worked in factories
- Help push for the passing of the 18th and 19th amendments to the US Constitution
-Prohibition
-Women's Suffrage - Suffrage= Voting
-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.
Women in the mid-late 1800s and early 1900s pushed for four things
1. Abolition of Slavery (13th Amendment-1865)
2. Temperance (18th Amendment-1920)
3. Women's Suffrage(19th Amendment-1920)
-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.
Susette La Flesche-
- 1879- from Omaha
- Traveled east to translate into English the sad words of Chirf Standing Bear
- 1887- testified, won citizenship rights
Jeannette Rankin-
- Worked to win suffrage in Washington State
- Was elected first woman in congress
- Voted against war in WWI and WWII
Push for Equality-
- 1848- Sececa Falls Declaration: Plea for the end of discrimination against women in all spheres of society, including the right to vote
- 1879- from Omaha
- Traveled east to translate into English the sad words of Chirf Standing Bear
- 1887- testified, won citizenship rights
Farm Woman-
- Devoted time to care for their homes and families
- 19th century- Middle class and upper class woman could afford to stay home
- Lower class had to go out and work
- Cooking, making clothes, and laundry
- Raise livestock, help plow and plant in the fields and harvest the crops
Woman in Industry-
- Better paying opportunities became available
- 1 out of 5 American women help jobs
- 25% manufacturing- Most women were in factories, making clothes, sewing
- Garment Trade
- Woman high school graduates outnumbered men
Domestic Workers-
- Cleaning for other families
- 2 million African Women were freed from slavery
- Poverty drove them into the workforce
- Worked on farms
- Cooks, laundresses, scrub-woman, and maids
- 70% employed in 1870 were servants
Woman Lead Reform-
- Many women publicly active in their later years of the 19th century attended college
- By the later 1800s, women didn't have to depend on having a husband, because they had the opportunity to have an education and became more independent
- Vassar College- was a women's college established in 1865, century attended college
Woman and Reform-
- Laborers started to reform workplace health and safety
- Many educated woman joined the reform groups. They couldn't vote or run for office, their reform at imporiving home and work lives for women
- "Social Housekeeping" targets workplace/housing reform, educational improvement, food & drug laws, etc..
- Suffrage= right to vote
3 part strategy for suffrage-
1. Tried convincing state legislature to grant women the right to vote
-Wyoming- first state to grant women the right to vote
2. Women pursued court cases to test the 14th amendment... aren't women citizens too?
3. Women pushed for national constitutional amendment to grant women the voting right
World War 1-
- Interrupted the campaign for women suffrage
- Women took men's jobs during war
- On Aug. 20, 1920- the 19th amendment became part of the US Constitution when Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify it
Friday-
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