November- 7th- 11th
Ancient Rome
Got name from- legend of Romulus and Remus
Geography-
close to Meditratian Sea used for trade
Alps and Apennines Mountain Range helped to protect Rome
Located next to the Tiber River
Contained large plains making it easy to farm
Position made it Easier for Rome to conquer other lands and gain new territory
1. Latins
Built the orginal settlement at Rome on Palatine Hill
This is where Romulus and Remus were found by the she-wolf
2. The Greeks
Established colonies in Southern Italy and Sicily
Brought Greek Ideas to Italy
3. The Estruscans
Came from Nothern Italy
Skilled Metal workers and egineers
Had a writing system- and alphabet that Romans adopted
Introduce the arc to Roman Artechture
Were one of the most advanced civilizations other than the Greeks
Helped Rome grow into a large city
Ruled by king Tarquin (the proud tryant) was overthrown by Brutus (the founder of the Roman Republic)
Roman Republic
Start after Tarquin was overthrown
Republic- a form of gov which the power relys on the citizens who can vote for their leader
Citizens were free-born males only
SPQR- Senatus Populusque Romanus
(symbol for the Roman Republic)
The senate and the people of Rome
Patricians and Plebeians (social classes)
Patricians- wealthy landowners, had most power
Plebeians- commoner (farmers, shop owners, black smiths)
Could vote too but couldnt be the leader
Citizens
Cant hold gov job
Later on the patricians gave them their own assemby to elect their own tribunes (elect representative who worked to protect the rights of plebeians)
The Government
Dictator- were chosen by the Consuls and elected by the senate (in times of crisis)
The had absolute power for 6 months to make laws and control the army
Why allow this?- its all about getting things done
Twelve tables is where they held their laws like trials
8 kind of punishments
Fetters (chains around ankles), flogging (whipping with stick), Banishment, Civil Disgrace, slavery, death,fine, and retailiation in kind
Military-
The military was a important part of making rome into a major power
All land-owning citizens were required to serve in military
Legions were made up of large (5,000) groups of men called a century
Centurion led the century
Each legion had a cavalry unit for support
Roman Treatment of People Taken Over
Areas next to Rome (latins) became full Roman citizens
In other areas of Italy (little further) became citizens but cant vote
Areas outside Italy became allies
Supposed to govern themselves but supply troops and cant make treaties with others
This lenient policy allow Roman Empire to last a long time
Punic Wars (Rome vs. Carthage) (western Meditarrian)
First
Punic is a Phoebician word
Fought over the island Sicily
Lasted 23 years
Rome won
Second
Carthage was upset about 1st so they attacked Romans
Rome won
Scipio
Famous roman general
Made decision to fight back
Hannibal - famous carthaginnian General
He led the Massive surprise attack
He went over alps mountains to get there
Led with 50,000 infantry, 9,000 calavry, and 60 elephants
Thru Spain, France, and into Iltay
Lost over half men and elephant before they got there
Romans attack so carthage go home
Lasted 10 years
Rome won
Third
Rome went on offensive and laid seige (surround them, burn, starve them and then invade)
Lasted 3 years
- Romans win and put lots of people into slavery
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