November 7 (Monday)- Finished testing.
November 8 (Tuesday)- Starts notes on Ancient Rome. Notes below.
November 9 (Wednesday)- Talked about the election.
November 10 (Thursday)- Continued election talk and continued notes.
November 11 (Friday)- Continued notes
Ancient Rome
500 BC- 500 AD
Key Terms:
Republic
Patrician
Plebian
Tribune
Consul
Senate
Dictator
Legion
Punic Wars
Hannibal
Legend of the Origin of Rome
Rome's Geography
- Everything set up perfectly for Rome to succeed
Advantages of Rome's Geography
- Close to Mediterranean Sea
- The Alps and the Apennines Mountain Ranges helped to protect Rome
- Located next to the Tiber River
- Contained large plains making it easy to farm
- Position made it easier for Rome to conquer other lands and gain new territory
The First Romans (1000 BC- 500 BC
- Latins
- Built the original settlement at Rome on Palatine Hill
- This is where Romulus and Remus were found by the she-wolf
- House of Caesar Augustus on Palatine Hill
- The Greeks
- Established colonies in southern Italy and Sicily
- Brought Greek ideas to Italy
- The Etruscans
- Came from northern Italy
- Skilled metalworkers and engineers
- Had a writing system with an alphabet that the Romans adopted
- Greatly influenced Roman achitecture
- Introduced the arch
- Outside of Greece, one of the most advanced cilizations in Europe during this time
- Not much is known about them since there is no historic documents or literature
The Early Republic 600- 509 BC
- The Etruscans were the group that helped Rome grow into a large city
- Under the Etruscans, Rome was ruled by a king until 509 BC
- King Tarquin the Proud was a tyrant and was overthrown by Brutus, the founder of the Roman Republic
The Roman Republic 509- 27 BC
- Set up after King Tarquin was overthrown in 509 BC
- A republic is a form of government in which power rests with the citizens whohave a right to vote for their leaders
- Citizens were free born males only
- SPQR- Senatus Populusque Romanus
- "The Senate and People of Rome
The Roman Republic
Patricians and Plebeians
- Patricians were wealthy landowners who had most of the power
- Believed that their ancestry gave them power to make laws
- Plebeians were farmers, artisans and merchants that made up most of the population
- Were Roman citizens with the right to vote
- Could not hold most government jobs
- Eventually, Rome's leaders allowed plebeians to form their own assembly and elect representatives called tribunes
- Worked to protect the right of plebeians
Rome
- Executive
- Two consuls elected by the assembly for one year
- Legislative
- Senate 300 members chosen from aristocracy for life
- Centuriate Assembly, all citizen-soldiers are members for life
- Tribal Assembly, citizens grouped according to where they live are members for life
- Judicial
- 8 Judges chosen for one year by Centuriate Assembly
- Legal Code
- 12 tables
- Citizenship
- All adult male landowners
US
- Executive
- A preside elected by the people for four years
- Legislative
- Senate 100 members elected by the people for 6 year terms
- House of Representative of 435 members elected by the people for two years
- Judicial
- Supreme Court
- Nine justices appointed for life by president
- Legal Code
- US constitution
- Citizenship
- All native-born or naturalized adults
The Roman Republic- The Government
- Dictators were chosen by the Consuls and elected by the Senate in times of crisis
- They had absolute power for 6 months to make laws and control the army
- It's about getting things done
The Twelve Tables
- The 12 Tables was their constitution
- In 451 BC, some officials started writing down Rome's laws onto tablets
- These became the Twelve Tables and the basis for Roman law
- These Twelve Tables were held in the Forum- their government building
There are 8 kinds of punishment
- Fine
- Fetters
- Flogging
- Retaliation in kind
- Civil Disgrace
- Banishment
- Slavery
- Death
The Roman Republic Republic- The Military
- The military was a very important part of making Rome into a major power
- All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the military
- Legions were made up of large (5,000) groups of Infantry
- Legions were broken down into smaller (80 cgroups of men called a century
- A centurion led the country
- Each legion had a cavalry unit for support
Roman Treatment of People Taken Over
- Areas right next to Rome, such as the Latins, became full Roman citizens
- In other areas of Italy further away, groups became citizens, but could not vote
- In areas outside of Italy, groups became allies
- Groups were able to govern themselves but were expected to supply troops when needed and not make treaties with other groups
- This lenient policy allowed the Roman Empire to last a long time
Rome vs Carthage- Punic Wars 264- 146 BC
- The First Punic War was fought for control of Silcily and the western Mediterranean
- Last 23 years
- Pirates took over Carthage
- Eventually asked Carthage for help
- Rome won
- The Second Punic War was started by Carthage to get revenge from the previous loss
- Last 16 years
- Rome what
- Hannibal a brilliant Carthaginian general led a massive surprise attack on Rome
- Led a force of 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 60 elephants up through Spain, France and into Italy crossing the ALps mountains in the process
- Lost nearly half of his men and most of his elephants before reaching the Romans
- For almost ten years, Hannibal marches his men up and down Italy
- Had a lot of victories, but ultimately lost when the Romans attacked Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return home
- Rome won
- Third Punic War
- Rome went on the offensive and laid siege to Carthage
- The Romans burned the city and 50,000 people were sold into slavery
- With Carthage out of the picture, Rome would continued it's conquests in the upcoming decades
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