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Notes:
After Julius Caesar
Octavian = Caesar Augustus = Augustus
Second Triumvirate (42 BC - 33 BC)
Civil War broke out after Caesar’s death
The Roman Republic was now completely gone at this point
Octavian (Caesar’s grandnephew/adopted son), Marc Antony (a general), and Lepidus (a politician) ruled Rome for ten years
Fell apart eventually due to jealousy and violence
Octavian forced Lepidus to retire
Octavian went to war against Marc Antony (with Queen Cleopatra from Egypt)
Octavian defeated Antony/Cleopatra in the Battle of Actium in 31 BC
Cleopatra
Was a guest in Rome (with Caesarion) for several years as Caesar’s guest and won over the Roman people with her beauty and charm (possibly-might have be sexist)
Caesarion (Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar) was Cleopatra and Caesar’s son and possibly his only biological son
Ruled with Cleopatra until her death and then became sole ruler of Egypt
Possibly would have ruled all of the Roman Republic/Empire had Caesar not been assassinated
Went back to Egypt after Caesar’s death
Once Octavian and Marc Antony defeated Caesar’s killers, they split the Roman Republic in two-Octavian took Rome and Antony took Egypt
Antony quickly falls in love with Cleopatra (had three kids) - Huge problem. Why?
1. Antony is married to Octavian’s sister, Octavia. Octavian not pleased.
2. Octavian is concerned that Antony and Cleopatra want to take over Rome
Octavian decided to attack first and defeated Antony and Cleopatra fleet in the Battle of Actium as stated previously
Antony and Cleopatra were able to escape but eventually committed suicide together instead of being captured
- Rise of Christianity (Era of Jesus)
- Jesus's Death started Christianity
- Jesus looked like that normal person
- Promoted a Loving and Forgiving God
- Paul, an apostle, Stressed that Jesus was the son of God who died for people's sins
- He declared that all were welcome into Christianity
- Constantine named Christianity an official religion in Rome
- Theodosius made Christianity the official religion
- The Jewish faith believes that the messiah hasn't come yet
- Crucifixion
- Long, terrible death process
- Early Christian (Catholic) Church
- A priest leads the churches and masses
- Bishop, above the priest, looked over the local churches
- Pope - head guy in the church
- Peter First Bishop of Rome
- (literally catholic church stuff)
- Jesus's Death started Christianity
- Fall of the Rome Empire
- Marcus Aurelius marked the end of the two centuries of peace
- 3 main cause for fall of Rome
- Internal problems and Conflicts
- Poverty
- People aren't happy
- Roman Empire split in two
- Diocletian decides to split the Empire in 2 because it was too big (east and west)
- Greek Speaking East (byzantine empire)
- Latin Speaking West (Based in Rome)
- Diocletian decides to split the Empire in 2 because it was too big (east and west)
- Outside invasions
- Huns and Germanic Tribes move into the Roman empires
- Huns
- Huns went on a rampage to wreck the Romans empire
- Attila the Hun -Leader
- Huns lost power after he was gone
- Internal problems and Conflicts
- Last Emperor of Rome
- Romulus Augustulus
- Rome fell by German Forces
- Started the Dark Ages
- Legacy of Rome
- Latin Language
- Bases of French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian
- Many English Words have Latin roots
- Roads and Aqueducts
- Laws
- Everyone has equal treatment under the law
- Innocent until proven guilty
- A person should be punished for actions, not thoughts
- No cruel or unusual rrn r
- Latin Language
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