The rise of Islam:
geography--
very limited agriculture
very hot and dry deserts
People of the desert--
on the deserts, the arab nomads, called bedouins, were organized into clans
these clans were created because they provided security and supported for a life made difficult by the extreme conditions of the desert
bedouins ideals: courage, loyalty to family, and warrior skills
Moving-- by the time of 600 A.D. many arabs had chosen to settle by an oasis or in a market town, the desert life was just too tough and unpredictable
larger towns near the western coast of arabia became market towns for local, regional, and long distance trade goods.
Special city--one of these cities is mecca
mecca is a holy city where muslims pray towards
also it is very common for muslims to go visit mecca to pay homage
Trade Life-- after these people had moved into the larger cities, the trading increased as well
many routes becuase of the bodies of water that surrounded the area
traded many things like spices, incense, perfumes, precious metals, ivory and silk.
Monotheistic or polythieistic-- the islamic religion definitely monotheistic
they believe in one god called ALLAH
MUHHAMAD-- the prophet muhammad very influential figure
he was raised by his great grandfather and uncle
he recieved little schooling and began working on as a trader
at the age of 40, muhhamad became very interested in religion
General info-- islam means "submission to the will of Allah"
muslim means "one who has submitted"
Islam Grows-- after muhhamad died in 632, the muslims community needed to make the decision on who would be their next religious leader.
New Leader--
they selected one of muhhamads good friends named abu-bakr to become the first EALIPH meaning successor
Issues-- not everyone was welcoming of the ealiph
some tribes around the arabian penninsula abandoned islam completely
others wouldnt pay taxes
some individual even declared themselves to be prophets
attempts to resolve-- abu-bakr declared a jihad which has two meanings
an inner struggle with evil
an armed struggle against non-believer.
Expansion by military-- the muslim community began to expand under abu-bakr as well
the next 3 caliphers after abu-bakr expanded into the sassanid and byzantine empires
Reasons for success-- they did very well in conquests between these empires had been fighting each other for many years before this.
well disciplined
great leaders
the two empires werent tolerant of the religions in their conquered area so their muslims in the empires would often help the other muslims that invade the empires
Treatment of conquered people-- the Qur'an does not allow for muslims to force others to convert to this religion
muslims allowed the christians and jews to practice their religions but they couldnt spread it
they made the christians and jews pay a tax however because they did not fight for the islam military groups
islam split-- why did it happen
when was the major split
who are the key players (groups) in the split
4 paragraphs
imayyads--shi'a--sunni--sufi--and abbasids---
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