Monday- Chapter 9 Notes (The Progressive Era)
Ch. 9.1
The Four Goals of Progressive
- Protecting Social Welfare
- The social Gospel and Settlement house (like homeless shelters)
- Aimed to help the poor through community centers, churches, and social services
- Set up soup kitchens
- Slum brigades- teach immigrants
- Opened libraries
- Salvation Army
- Late 1800's
- Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA)
- Opened swimming pools
- Florence Kelley- advocate for women and children's lives
- ***There was no welfare*****
- Promoting Moral Improvement
- Mortality held the key to improving your life and others
- Prohibition- the banning of alcohol as an moral improvement
- Carrie Nation
- Women's Suffrage (right for women to vote)
- 1874- Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
- Spearheaded the crusade for prohibition
- Entered saloons and protested
- Small, Midwestern group to a nation organizations (about 250,000 members in 1911)
- Banning alcohol
- Creating Economic Reform
- Panic of 1893 caused Americans to question economic system
- Factories embraced socialism (Everyone's equal-- give all the rich people's money and distribute to poor)
- Large businesses had special treatment from government
- Muckrakers- people who wrote about the corporate side of business
- Corruption of government
- Brought about a lot of economic reform
- Major unbalance in income and how people lived
- Many turned to "socialism"
- Regulation of railroads
- Regulation of business (Sherman Act- Oil company was broken up)
- Child labor laws
- Women and Men's working hours were reduced
- Workmen's compensation
- Fostering Efficiency
- Progressive leaders put faith in experts and scientific principals to make society more efficient
- Trying to change the Longer days and lower pay
- 1914, Henry Ford, 8 hours $5 a day
- Scientific management to increase efficiency was used in factories
- Fredrick Taylor- Time Management studies
- Assembly line
- Henry Ford paid workers $5 a day!!
- Progressives also worked for better efficiency in all levels of government
Reforming Local Government
- Natural Disasters
- Tidal Wave- in Galveston, Texas
- Texas appointed a team of 5 experts
- Each took charge in a change
- By 1917, 500 cities had been adopted
- Worked hard to get rid of Political Machines
Reforming State Level
- Passed laws to regulate railroads, mines, mills, and phone companies
- Making sure that prices benefited the rich and poor
Reform Mayors
- Hazen Pingree- Detroit
- Tom Johnson- Cleveland
- Fairer tax structure
- lowered fares on public transportation
- building schools, parks, public buildings
Reform Governors
- Robert M. Follette >Wisconsin
- Tried to get rid railroads out of business
- Tried to get rid of bigger businesses into smaller businesses
Protecting Working Children
- Unskilled jobs
- Poverty
- Stunted growth
- Child Labor Committee 1904
- Sent investigators or check on working conditions
- Had children work because they were smaller and could fit in small places
- Kids would not join labor unions
- were cheap labor
Efforts to Limit Working Hours
- Oregon Law- Women worked 8 hours and Men worked 10 hours
- Compensation for anyone who was hurt or killed on the job
Reforming Elections
- Initiative bill originated by the people on the ballot
- Initiative (to start a new thing like a law or something)
- Secret ballot
- Referendum gave citizens the power to create laws
- Giving the power to the people instead of the white rich man
Direction Election of Senators
- Seventeenth Amendment
- They used to have each Legislator elected two senators
- and NOW.... Voters elected senators
- NOW....Direct election (directly elected by the people)
KEY QUESTIONS:
-Define the Progressive Era, why it started and it goals.
-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?
-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.
-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?
-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?
-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?
-What did local government do to reform itself during the Progressive Era?
-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business?
-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer?
-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor?
-What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work?
-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers?
-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic?
-What did the 17th Amendment do?
Tuesday- Watched Men Who Built America
Wednesday- Review over Section 9-1
Capitalism
- Economic System
- The means of production are privately owned
- People own and control business'
- Change to go from poor to rich
- Laissez-Faire
- Hands off
Socialism
- Social or Economic system
- Property and distribution of wealth are determined by the Government
- Government owns and controls business'
- Elimination or private property, everyone is equal
- Karl Marx-
- Leading figure
- Father of Communism
Muckrakers
- Played a big role in bringing reform
- Investigative journalists
- Exposed the problems of society
- Upton Sinclair- The Jungle-meatpacking (pushed for a meat inspection task/ regulation)
- Ida Tarbell- Exposed the ruthless methods of the Standard Oil Company
- Lincoln Steffens- exposed corruptions in government
Reforming Elections
- States adopt secret ballot
- Direct Primary
- Initiative- a bill originated by the people rather than lawmakers
- Gives more power to the people instead of the state
- Referendum- when voters accept or reject the initiative (bill)
- Recall- enabled voters to remove public officials from the elected positions
- Gives more power to the people
- 17th and 19th amendments
Thursday- Continued notes over 9-1 and 9-2
Direct Election of Senators
- 17th Amendment
- 1913
- Direct election of U.S. Senators
- People could vote for their senators instead of the rich white males
- Our Senators- Joni Earnst (R) and Chuck Grassley (R)
Section 9-2 Notes (Women in the Work Force)
Susette La Flesche
- 1879
- From Omaha
- Indian translator
- 1887- testified, won citizenship for Indian
Farm Women
- Cared for their homes and families
- Cook, make clothes, and laundry
- Raised livestock, help grow crops, and harvest
Women in Industry
- Better income opportunities
- 1 out of every 5 women held jobs
- 25% in manufacturing
- More women graduated than men
Domestic Workers
- Lower class cleaned
- 2 million African American women were freed slaves
- 70% of women were employed in 1870 were servants
Women with Higher Education
- Late 19th century was when education was better for women
- Vassar Collage was a women's collage in 1865
- Women were becoming more independent from men and their husbands
Women and Reform
- Laborers started to reform health and safety
- "Social Housekeeping" targets workplace/housing refrom, education and food and drug laws
- Suffrage= the right to vote
- Women were made that blacks had the ability to vote and women did not
- National Association of Colored Women- Mission to educate black women
- National American Women's Suffrage- 1869 by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton
Three Part Strategy Suffrage
- 1st- Tried to convince state legislature to grant women the right to vote
- 2nd- Pursed court to test the 14th Amendment... aren't women citizen's too?
- 3rd- Pushed for national constitution Amendment to grant women the voting right
Role in Progressive Era
- More education
- became teachers
- help push for the passing of the 18th and 19th Amendments to the US Constitution
- Prohibition
- Women's Suffrage
The Push For Equality
- 1848- Seneca Falls Declaration: Plea for the end of discrimination against women in all spheres of society, including the right to vote
- Women in the mid-late 1800's and early 1900's pushed for four things:
- Abolition of slavery (13th Amendment 1865)
- Temperance (18th Amendment-1920)
- Women's Suffrage 19th amendment 1920)
- Child labor laws
World War I (1917-1918)
- Women started to work in factories for men
- showed they can work hard and do great things
Jeannette Rankin
- Worked to in suffrage in Washington
- First women senator in 1916
- voted against war in WWI WWII (only vote)
Key Questions for Ch. 9.2
-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era.
-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.
-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.
Friday-
Ch. 9.3
-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President.
-Square Deal
-Breaking up strikes
-Regulating railroads
-Regulating food and drugs
-Conservation
-Policy towards African-Americans
Ch.9.4
-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidency
-Payne-Aldrich Tariff
-Land disputes
-Breaking up trusts
-16th Amendment
-Policy towards African-Americans
-Break-up of the Republican Party
-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election.
Ch. 9.5
-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President.
-Clayton Anti-Trust Act
-Federal Trade Commission Act/Commission
-Federal Farm Loan Act
-Underwood Tariff
-Federal Reserve Act
-Keating–Owen Act
-Adamson Act
-US Neutrality in WWI
-Policy towards African-Americans
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